LIGHTING IN HOSPITALS

LIGHTING IN HOSPITALS

Contemporary Technology

Presented By:-AAQUIB MAHFUZ

SHAGUFTA ANJUMContemporary Technology(M.arch-Health care architecture)1

• Lighting in hospitals

• Day light

• Performance, Efficiency, Comfort (PEC)

• Why LED??

• Illuminance

• Types of lights

INDEX

What is lighting

• Basic types of Artificial Lights

Contemporary Technology(M.arch-Health care architecture) 2

Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic

effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures,

as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight .

Enhanced aesthetics incorporated into fixture design, as well as the ability for the luminaire to light architecture details, are certainly important. But patient-perceived quality of light and the effects on a healing environment are a critical factor, too. Lighting can and does contribute to improved patient outcomes as well as improved facility safety.

What is lighting


Basic types of artificial lights

There are three basic types of lighting that work together

• Ambient (general lighting)

Provides an area with overall illumination. Also known as general lighting, it radiates a comfortable level of brightness without glare

• Task lighting

Helps you perform specific tasks, such as reading, grooming, preparing and cooking food,

• Accent lighting

Adds drama to a room by creating visual interest. As part of an interior design scheme, it is used to draw the eye to houseplants, paintings, sculptures and other prized possessions


Effects of Light on Patients

Mood

Bright light is effective in elevating mood in depressed patients

Morbidity and mortality

An association has also been found between staying in a sunny room and a decreased need for analgesic medication following surgery,Patients who were accommodated on the brighter side of the hospital (with 46% higher-intensity sunlight on average) perceived less stress and took 22% less analgesic medication than those on the duller side.

Lighting intensity has an effect on the behavior of patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. When a constant level of light intensity was maintained using design adjustments, such as micro slatted glazed windows and electronic lighting controls, a significant drop in agitated and disruptive behavior's was demonstrated.

Behavior


LIGHTING IN HOSPITALS…………………...AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

• The occupancy of hospital is quite varied and very dynamic.

• Lighting need for every occupant is very different from the other, and sometimes even conflicting.

• Physical and visual environment of hospitals impacts the psychological senses of the patient, the staff and the relatives.

• Efficiently designed lighting system satisfies the visual, biological and emotional needs of the user, and caters todifferent dimensions of the human needs.

• Affects biological activity of a person, influencing body functions, concentration and creating relaxed environments.

• Certain 24 x7 areas of hospitals adds significance to the lighting design and lends criticality to the illumination planningof hospitals.

PATIENTS AND

RELATIVES

EFFECTS OF LIGTHING

DOCTORS AND

OTHER STAFF

Physical Environment

1. Functional

2. Appearance &

Surface character

Psychological

Environment

1. Reduces stresses

2. Relaxes the mind

3. Aesthetical

appeasement

Physical Environment

1. Functional

2. Appearance &

Surface character

Psychological

Environment

1. Healing effect.

2. Brightens up the

mood.


Performance, Efficiency, Comfort (PEC)Three core values applied to lighting in healthcare

Performance:To provide an optimal lighting solution. In hospitals, clinicsand care homes, this can lead to less fatigue, quickerreactions and task completion with fewer mistakesresulting in higher standards of care.

Efficiency:Efficiency is concerned with the energy consumption,economics and practical aspects of a lighting installation.Thorn lighting products are carefully engineered andmanufactured to produce practical, easy to maintainsolutions that consume the least possible power andprovide long-life, trouble-free solutions.

Comfort:The ability to give people satisfaction and stimulation.Lighting influences concentration and mood. Comfort isconcerned with atmosphere, reassurance, and in thehealthcare environment, the well-being of the patient.


Performance:To provide an optimal lighting solution. In hospitals, clinicsand care homes, this can lead to less fatigue, quickerreactions and task completion with fewer mistakesresulting in higher standards of care.

Efficiency:Efficiency is concerned with the energy consumption,economics and practical aspects of a lighting installation.Thorn lighting products are carefully engineered andmanufactured to produce practical, easy to maintainsolutions that consume the least possible power andprovide long-life, trouble-free solutions.

Comfort:The ability to give people satisfaction and stimulation.Lighting influences concentration and mood. Comfort isconcerned with atmosphere, reassurance, and in thehealthcare environment, the well-being of the patient.

ILLUMINANCE (ILLUMINATION LEVEL): Illuminance is the measure of illumination defined as the ‘ratio of luminous

flux incident on an infinitesimal element of the surface containing the point under consideration to the area of the

element.

IS Code 4347

Illumination level for hospitals varies from 100 lux in patient’s room to1,00,000 lux in operation theatres.



LIGHTING IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF HOSPITALS

ENTRANCE

First impressions count, so here’s the perfect opportunity tocreate a great first impression with a welcoming ambience.Attractive lighting in the entrance area can make a hospitalmore inviting.

Luminaires usedGeneral lighting• Energy savings of up to 50% comparedwith conventional CFL down lights• Latest LED technology forconsistent light output, stablecolor performance and goodcolor rendering• Easy installation and a long lifetime

Suspended above the counter• Graceful slim pendant with a shinymirror coating to add a stylish accent• Adjustable in height and available in1, 2, or 3 tubular shuttles• Energy-efficient LED technologyhelps save energy

Accent lighting back wall• High-quality accent light due todedicated LED reflector system• Good color consistency and highcolor rendering for extra sparkle• Low maintenance costs thanks to longlifetime, and low energy consumption

Wall mounted• A family of wall, ceiling and suspensionlamps of extremely reduced thickness• Latest LED technology allows the thicknessto be reduced to the minimum makingStrip particularly suitable for placesrequiring unobtrusive lighting• The opaline polycarbonate diffuser screensallow modular lighting units of differentdimensions and brightness

Entrance Hall Generally consist four zones1.Entramce Area

2.Reception Desk.

3.Waiting Area.

4.Area leads to the peopleIn to the rest of the building.

Functionality and decorative

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WAITING ROOM

General lighting• Cost-efficient and sustainabledown light• Can be used to replace conventionalCFL down lights• Features the latest LED technology• Extreme low power consumption• Stable color performance and highcolor rendering

Wall mounted• An elliptical lamp in opalinepolycarbonate that can be fixed to thewall at a normal or tilted angle, singly orin rows, to create a lively cluster of lights


• At entrances and in waiting areas, light has an important role to play in creating a welcoming and friendly atmosphere.

• Lobbies and transition spacesmust put the patient and the visitor instantly at their ease.• Pay special attention to grading the

illuminances and reflectance's of successive

spaces, so that important spaces feel welcoming.


DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

• Layering of light can create a pleasant and relaxing environment.

• Task lighting and decorative lighting can help provide a welcome entry.

• Using a combination of overhead, recessed and indirect lighting can

enliven these areas.(1)

• Energy efficient sources and glare-free appearance are important

factors to consider.

• Recommended illuminance for these areas is 10 - 30 FC (horizontal)

and 3 - 5 FC (vertical).

DIFFERENT OPTIONS FOR

LIGHTING

These small but critical areas in a healthcare

setting can set the tone for the entire patient or

visitor experience. The wayfinding journey

usually begins and ends from here. Greeting,

reception and direction as well as visitor accountability are all orchestrated here.

CORRIDORS

1. For a hospital, which is often open 24 hours a day, corridors and circulation areas are thearteries of the building. They link the different areas together logistically.

2. Patients and visitors who are on their way to a doctor or specific department will naturallybenefit from a brightly illuminated corridor rather than a dark one and specific lighting can beused to optimize guidance.

3. In areas where patients and visitors circulate, factors of key importance are guidance, safety and re-assurance, which can be supported by

4. using diffused homogeneous lighting and avoiding dark spots. For corridors where patients are wheeled along on trolleys, it must be taken into consideration that sharp contrasts can be extremely uncomfortable when they are looking upwards.

General lighting• State-of-the-art LED lighting• High luminaire efficiency• Choice of optics• Designed to fit in a wide Range of ceiling types

(hospitality areas)

Sensor• Advanced occupancy control and daylight regulation with separatewindow and corridor algorithms

Accent lighting wall• High-quality accent light due todedicated LED reflector system• Good color consistency and highcolor rendering; extra sparkle• Low maintenance costs thanksto long lifetime, and low energyconsumption

Alcove• Excellent output of white or solid color light• Multiple options for design flexibility• LED system means energy-efficiency,easy installation, and a long lifetime


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CORRIDORS (medical areas)

Sensor• Advanced occupancy control and daylight regulation with separatewindow and corridor algorithms

Accent lighting wall• High-quality accent light due todedicated LED reflector system• Good color consistency and highcolor rendering; extra sparkle• Low maintenance costs thanksto long lifetime, and low energyconsumption

General lighting• Soft and comfortable lighting, withfull luminous surface• Wide beam shape allows forhigh uniformity and high verticalilluminance• Compliant with glare norms• Appealing design• State-of-the-art LED technology forhigher energy efficiency comparedto similar conventional solutions

Cove lighting around wall panels• Modular LED system for interior /outdoor use• Aluminum profile• Clear polycarbonate diffuser• Transparent polycarbonate bracketsfor fixationContemporary Technology(M.arch-Health care architecture) 15

Contemporary Technology(M.arch-Health care architecture)16

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS• Color selection of finish material used in corridor

ceilings, walls and floors in relation to incident reflectance is critical in these areas. • Minimize extremes of brightness within these spaces. Excessive brightness contrast can disorient residents.• Elimination of glare is one of the most important

design criteria for corridors. Recessed indirect or cove lighting are recommended. Properly shielded down lights can also work effectively in these areas.


LIGHTING

EXAMINATION ROOMS

Examination light• Illuminance, Low Level: 25,000 lux (2323 fc)at 18″ (46 cm)• Illuminance, High Level: 50,000 lux (4645 fc)at 18″ (46 cm)• 4600 K color temperature

Examination light / dynamic panel• Recessed unit consisting of generallighting needed for examination andtreatment in combination with amood panel to show dynamic content


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Patient evaluation and medical

procedures begin in the

examination room. Visibility, visual

comfort and visual appeal

must all be addressed in the lighting design process.


DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS• Indirect lighting and the ability to switch the level of lightingintensity is critical.• Consider a combination of recessed indirect/direct luminairesand specific task lighting.• Proper placement of luminaires is critical to avoid veilingreflections in windows and computer monitors.• Additional lighting should be installed directly above worksurfaces, along with undercabinet lights for counters anddownlights over sinks.• Skin and tissue tones are best rendered under light sourceswith a high color rendering index (CRI) of 80 or above.


LIGHTING

PATIENT ROOM• Soft and comfortable lighting,with full luminous surface

2

1

34

Glare-free light forvisual comfort

1. Dynamic white light: ceiling modules that provide daylight rhythm with varying light levels and warmer or cooler light, as well as simple examination light for staff.

2 Ambient light: LED based colored light line in cove opposite the bed, that can also provide orientation light at night.3 Reading light.4 Patient control: providing choice for the patients of 3 pre-set light colors for the

cove, as well as reading light dimming control.



DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS• System flexibility must allow for the patient to have

individual

control with additional switching locations for the healthcare

professional.

• Glare or excessive brightness must be eliminated in these

spaces.

• Light trespass during sleep hours must be controlled to

minimize

exposure that can alter circadian rhythms.

• Nighttime monitoring and observation should be conducted

with minimal disruptions (subdued red-amber light sources

appear to positively affect melatonin).

• For good rendition of skin and tissue, a CRI of 80 or higher is recommended.

DESIGN VERY IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS:

• Color Appearance

• System Control & Flexibility

• Modeling of Faces & Objects

• Surface Characteristics

• Horizontal & Vertical Illuminance Levels

• Reflected Glare

• Light Distribution on Surfaces

• Light Distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity)• Luminance of Room Surfaces


LIGHTING


• The visual requirement in the theatre is the detailed examination of tissue, organs and instruments at the site of the operation.

• It is recommended that the illumination level for lighting the operating area should be between 2 000 and 10 000 lux. • Each lighting fitting should be capable of separate switching, to enable the individual requirements for special operations to

be met.

OPERATION ROOMS

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

• Switching and dimming controls should be considered for

these areas.

• Luminaires recessed into the ceiling must be gasketed and

UL listed for damp locations.

• Luminaires should meet the requirements for Electromagnetic

Interference/Compatibility (EMI), Radio Frequency Interface (RIF)

and also MIL-STD 463 E.

• Reflective glare can be compounded if inappropriate finishes

are selected for these areas.

• High intensity recessed fluorescent luminaires can control

ceiling surface glare and also provide the recommended

illuminance levels on various task planes and surfaces.

• High color rendering lamps are recommended in the most

critical care areas; 85 - 95 CRI should be specified forgeneral lighting.

Surgical Troffers

SATURNOMINOR SURGERYOPERATING LIGHTS - 40,000 LUX

SINGLE BULB THEATRE LIGHT100,000 LUX


Design Very Important Considerations:

• Color Appearance

• Direct Glare

• Flicker & Strobe

• Surface Characteristics

• System Control & Flexibility

• Horizontal & Vertical Levels


LIGHTING

Surgical Troffers

IMAGINGThe Ambient Experience solution can include the following elements:1.A ceiling projector displays videos or animations chosen by the patient from a library of themes, distracting them from the equipment and procedure

2.Rounded corners suggest additional space and discourage clutter

3.Soothing audio is added to create a relaxing ambience

4.Colored LED spotlights neutralize the harsh glare of institutional lighting, while encouraging a sense of wellbeing

5.Integrated cabinets provide easy access to coils and accessories, freeing the room from clutter

6.To complete the transformation, a halo of colored light illuminates the examination roomContemporary Technology(M.arch-Health care architecture)

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), open MRI andComputer Assisted Tomography (CAT) scanning presentsunique lighting demands. MRI suites, due to the intensemagnetic polarity created by the diagnostic equipment,demand that luminaires be constructed of non-ferrousmaterials such as aluminum, brass, certain types ofstainless steel and polymers preventing possible injuryto the patient and healthcare technician.


DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS• Luminaire performance should be weighed against visual comfort and

low brightness (glare control is more tangible to patients than the

amount of light).

• Fixtures that incorporate non-ferrous materials must be considered

when designing MRI areas.

• Ambient light levels in these spaces can be relatively low during

patient treatments, 30 to 35 FC.

• The lighting design should provide dimming and switching for

adjusting light levels as needed.

• The ability to switch fixtures on and off is necessary to control

general light level for activities such as patient transfer onto

radiology tables.

• X-ray viewing and documentation requires dimming general room

lighting during viewing but also requires increased light levels forcertain tasks.


Design Considerations• Switching and dimming controls should be provided.• Recessed indirect/direct luminaires with additional lighting for readingalso works well in these spaces.• General lighting in shared activity areas for children should bedesigned with illuminance intensity levels adjusted for the floor andlower wall surface, as children tend to play or sit on the floor.• Lighting in play areas and adjacent corridors should provide adequateillumination to extend field of views.• Choose luminaires that feature color options as well as unique designelements to enhance the overall visual interest in these spaces.

Design Considerations• Nursery lighting design should include dimming and switchingcapabilities for maximum flexibility.• High color rendering lamps should be specified, 85 CRI, forrecognizing color changes in the skin.• General lighting should include luminaires that deliver theappropriate glare-free light distribution patterns for surfacesand task planes.• Lighting examination areas from multiple angles helps inavoiding shadows.• Lighting requirements for these areas can range from 3-5 FCto 75-100 FC depending on the task.


LIGHTING

Recessed Downlights

Recessed Downlights

PEDIATRICS& NICU


The entrance marks the beginning of the journey for many individuals a journey that can be filled with varied emotions about the healthcare experience. As such, these areas need to be welcoming spaces.

ENTRANCE /EXTERIORDESIGN CONSIDERATIONS• During daylight hours, the lighting should meld into the building’s architectural theme. Nighttime illumination must provide appropriate light levels to allow for safe navigation.

• Contrast ratios, glare and uniformity in relation to adjacentareas must be considered when designing these lightingapplications.

• Dramatic differences in light levels should be avoided. Lightlevels should be gradually increased as one enters thegrounds, allowing for safe entry.

• Dark sky legislation and responsible energy management mustbe addressed in the early stages of the lighting design process.

• During times of high illumination from the sun, providingtransition areas with appropriate interior light levels becomesimportant. Sensors and control devices can be incorporatedinto the lighting scheme and automation can raise andlower light levels based on daylight contribution.(1)

Attractiveness and well-being

Against a backdrop of demographic change and an ageing population, a highly-qualified, motivated workforce is absolutely vital. Patients choose the hospital that will give them the best care. We supply the best lighting designed to enhance well-being among staff and patients by using premium lighting solutions to create a pleasant, refreshing room atmosphere.

Reasons for choosing LED:– Variable light colours– Can be controlled appropriately to needs– Versatility and high lighting quality(good colour rendering, high-precision direction of light)

Resulting in:– Attractive scenarios for any time of day or activity– Individuality

Space and capacity

Healthcare and nursing providers are constantly confronted by the problem of limited available space. Sufficient infrastructure and spare space must be kept available to cope with emergencies such as epidemics but, on the other hand, recurring costs must be kept as low as possible.

Reasons for choosing LED:– Small size– Can be integrated into architecture/furniture– Individually controllable/addressable

Resulting in:– Spatial flexibility– Expandability

Cost savingsCosts play a key role in the healthcare and nursing sector in the EU and in most international markets. These costs include, among others, the costs of qualified staff, property maintenance, operating costs and the expenses incurred during a stay in hospital. Premium lighting solutions can aid convalescence, thus shortening hospital stays, which in turn results in cost savings.

Reasons for choosing LED:– Highly efficient– Maintenance-free– Easy to control

Resulting in:– Energy savings and reduced CO2 emissions– Low operating and maintenance costs– Lower total costs over a system’s entire life cycle

Why LED??


HOSPITAL LIGHTENING COMPANIES

INDIAN COMPANIES

MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES

OPAL OVERSEAS PVT LTD . NEW DELHI AVNI ENERGY SOLUTIONS PVT LTD.BENGALURU JAINSONS ELECTRONICS . NEW DELHI GOLDWYN LTD. NOIDA CANARA LIGHTING. MANGLORE LEGERO SOLUTIONS, VIZAG

O.M.T. SRL PORTALAMPADE, ITALY CAVICCHIOLI RENATO S R LTD, ITALY PALACE LIGHTING CO.LTD. CHINA LUMINAIRES TIEF, FRANCE ROLANDO LUCI LIMITED, USA LIDO LIGHT FIXTURE MANUFACTURE LTD, GREECE VAST LIGHTING MANUFACTURE, SHANGHAI


https://www.zumtobel.com/PDB/teaser/en/AWB_Health_Care.pdf

http://www.worldhealthdesign.com/Lighting-Design.aspx

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2013/12/26/hospital-room-lighting.aspx

http://singularityhub.com/2013/01/13/uv-light-emitting-robot-disinfects-hospital-rooms-in-minutes/

http://www.cibse.org/Knowledge/CIBSE-LG/Lighting-Guide-02-Hospitals-and-Health-Care-Buildi

http://www.moderncancerhospital.com/cancer-treatments/photodynamic-therapy/

http://www.aliexpress.com/item/C022-Dia-63cm-colorful-LED-luxury-crystal-ceiling-light-modern-hospital-super-market-coffee-shop-ceiling/32347333140.html

Bibliography


LIGHTING IN HOSPITALS

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