Lighting Existing Conditions and Design Criteria Report · 55 Rochester Road, ... PA 15229 10/6/04...

of 26

Chris Rush

Lighting / Electrical

Primary Consultant: Dr. Mistrick

North Hills Junior High School

55 Rochester Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15229

10/6/04

Lighting Existing Conditions and Design Criteria Report

Executive Summary: I used AGI32 for my analysis of the existing lighting conditions for North Hills Junior High School. I have based my design criteria on information in the IES handbook, with some adjustments. My analysis of the auditorium, lobby, exterior entrance, and typical classroom found that the lighting provides more than adequate light levels overall and meets almost all of the other design criteria that I have laid out. Some faults may exist in the aesthetic and power usage aspects of the lighting system.

of 26

Typical Classroom

of 26

Description: 22’ by 37’ 9’ ceiling countertop and cabinets along two adjacent walls (2’ deep, 2.5’ high) two windows above countertop on one long wall (6’ high by 8’ wide per window) chalkboards and tack boards on other two walls retractable projector screen opposite of window movable student desks throughout room movable teacher’s desk (placement may vary) Reflectances/Transmittances: ceiling: Armstrong Second Look II 80% walls: white paint 80% floor: beige vinyl tile 40% cabinets: pale green 50% desktops: cream 50% chalkboards: black 15% tack boards: varying 30% windows: 1” (two ¼” panes) insulating low-E glass T = 73% R = 12%

of 26

Tasks: Horizontal tasks: reading (handwritten, photocopy, printed, glossy textbooks) Vertical tasks: chalk boards, facial modeling of teacher and students Points of interest: chalk boards, instructor, tack boards

Design Criteria: 0-not a factor, 1-considered, 2-important, 3-most important Style 1 should be pleasant, but function overrides design Illuminance 3 function of space depends on visibility of tasks Lamp color 1 should provide reasonable color rendering (>70 CRI) Daylight 2 must utilize useful daylight and control glare from direct sun Uniformity 2 desks should be well illuminated throughout room Luminances 2 1:3:5 luminance ratio recommended for classrooms Direct Glare 2 students must be comfortable looking to front of room Reflections 1 some glossy reading materials and a few VDTs may be present Shadows 1 avoid self shadowing by students of their own desks Accents 2 chalk board, tack boards, and instructor Sparkle 0 no sparkle necessary 3D modeling 1 facial expressions are important in student-teacher contact Control 1 provide multiple light levels, possible daylight integration, allow for

projector use (<5 fc on projection screen) Special 0 no special considerations Horizontal Illuminance 50 fc Vertical Illuminance 50 fc on chalk boards Power Density from ASHRAE 90.1 (1999): 1.6 W/sq.ft. (classroom/training)

of 26

Existing Lighting System: A: 2X4 parabolic, 24 cell, 3 lamp, recessed Luminaire: Metalux 2P3GX-332S38I-277-EB82 Lamp: GE, F32T8/SPX35/ECO, 2950 (2800) lumens, 3500 K, 86 CRI Ballast: Advance, Mark 5, VIC-2S32, 2-lamp, 64 W, 0.88 BF, 0.99 PF Control: Bi-level switching via tandem wiring of ballasts Power Density: 37’ x 22’ = 814 sq.ft. 12 luminaires x 3 lamps x 64 W per ballast x 0.5 ballasts per lamp 1152 W / 814 sq.ft. = 1.42 W/sq.ft. Light Loss Factors: Maintenance Category IV Very Clean 12-month cleaning cycle Room Cavity Ratio = [2.5 x 6.5 x (2 x 37’ + 2 x 22’)] / (22’ x 37’) = 2.4 Lamp Lumen Depreciation = 2800 / 2950 = 0.95 Luminaire Dirt Depreciation = 0.94 Room Surface Dirt Depreciation (Dirt Depreciation = 7 %) = 0.98 Ballast Factor = 0.88 Total Light Loss Factor = 0.95 x 0.94 x 0.98 x 0.88 = 0.77

of 26

Existing Lighting System Evaluation:

The workplane illuminance more than doubles the recommended level. The average illuminance of the two chalkboards meets the requirement, but one is much higher than required and the other is a bit lower. With the current system layout, the uniformity along the length of the room is somewhat lacking. The most noticeable illuminance drops occur near the two short walls. The room falls within its allowable power density, but there is a significant amount of energy to be saved if the light levels are kept nearer to the requirement. This energy savings would be particularly noticeable because this is a common classroom configuration throughout the building.

of 26

Auditorium

of 26

Description: 81’ wide by 120’ long, narrows to 48’ wide at front 25’ ceiling (9’-12’ at rear) floor and ceiling slope together downward toward stage fixed seating throughout control booth at rear dark wood proscenium Reflectances/Transmittances: ceiling and lower walls: cream 65% upper walls: gray 40% carpet in aisles: pale speckled red 50% flooring under seats: gray 20% seats: deep red 30% proscenium: dark wood 20%

of 26

Tasks: Circulation Points of interest: stage and proscenium, aisles

Design Criteria: 0-not a factor, 1-considered, 2-important, 3-most important Style 2 must fit with architecture and not detract from performances Illuminance 1 must provide enough light for people to get to and from seats Lamp color 1 should provide reasonable color rendering, warm source to render

warm surface materials (wood and red seats) Daylight 0 none available Uniformity 1 keep reasonable uniformity across floor/seating Luminances 1 guide attention toward stage Direct Glare 1 should not be uncomfortable or distracting for audience Reflections 0 no glossy surfaces or tasks Shadows 0 no important shadowing objects Accents 2 accent lighting to guide attention toward stage Sparkle 0 no sparkle necessary 3D modeling 0 audience facial modeling not important Control 3 must allow multiple settings for varying performance type and for

entering and exiting Special 3 must be able to connect to theater dimming panel, cannot interfere

with stage lighting Horizontal Illuminance 10 fc Illuminance on control board 20 fc Power Density from ASHRAE 90.1 (1999): 1.8 W/sq.ft. (performing arts seating) 1.0 W/sq.ft. (accent lighting)

of 26

Existing Lighting System: AJ: high bay quartz, recessed Luminaire: Rambusch RD60/250/Q/LC/T30MOD Lamp: Sylvania 250Q/MC(ESM), 4850 lumens, 120 V, 2950K, 100 CRI Control: dimming panel AK: high bay quartz, recessed Luminaire: Rambusch RD60/500/Q/LC/T30MOD Lamp: Sylvania 500Q/MC(EYX), 10100 lumens, 120 V, 2950K, 100 CRI Control: dimming panel R: indirect wall sconce, wall mounted Luminaire: VISA CB5060-OTG (2) IT250 Lamp: Sylvania 250Q/CL/DC(ESS), 5000 lumens, 120 V, 2950K, 100 CRI Control: dimming panel V: recessed downlight Luminaire: Halo H7460T-460IC Lamp: Sylvania 75PAR30LN/CAP/SPL/NFL25, 1130 lumens, 120 V,

2950K, 100 CRI Control: dimming panel Power Density: 9093 sq.ft. 28 x 250 W + 39 x 500 W + 13 x 75 W = 27475 W 27475 W / 9093 sq.ft. = 3.0 W/sq.ft. (general) 6 x 250 W / 9093 sq.ft. = 0.16 W/sq.ft. (accent) Light Loss Factors: Maintenance Category IV (AJ, AK, V) Maintenance Category VI (R) Very Clean 12-month cleaning cycle Room Cavity Ratio = [2.5 x 22.5’ x (2 x 81’ + 2 x 120’)] / (120’ x 81’) = 2.3 Lamp Lumen Depreciation = 0.97 Luminaire Dirt Depreciation (AJ, AK, V) = 0.94 Luminaire Dirt Depreciation (R) = 0.93 Room Surface Dirt Depreciation (AJ, AK, V, Dirt Depreciation = 7 %) = 0.98 Room Surface Dirt Depreciation (R, Dirt Depreciation = 7 %) = 0.90 Ballast Factor = 1.0 Total Light Loss Factor (AJ, AK, V) = 0.97 x 0.94 x 0.98 = 0.89 Total Light Loss Factor (R) = 0.97 x 0.93 x 0.90 = 0.81

of 26


of 26

The auditorium system provides much more light than the IES recommendation. Perhaps the IES recommendation is low, but there are no important visual tasks taking place in the auditorium seating. It seems that it would be important to bring down the light level because the power density of this space is so high, nearly twice the amount allowed for general lighting. It is possible though that the power density works out when calculated for the entire building. In addition to the power issues, the luminaires used here do not produce very pleasant patterns. There are significant scallops due to the downlights and very hot spots just above the sconces. In addition, the PAR30s in the back of the auditorium produce very tight pools of light on the floor, which might not have been the intent.

of 26

Lobby

of 26

Description: 28’ wide by 42’ deep (additional 208 sq.ft. for auditorium entryway) 10’ ceiling glass doors at front glass main office doors and windows on right, display cases/boards on left trophy cases and auditorium entrance at rear Reflectances/Transmittances: ceiling: Armstrong Second Look II 80% walls: white paint 80% floor: beige vinyl tile 40% floor: deep red carpeting (doormat) 30% wood trim 30% windows and doors: single pane T = 88% R = 8%

Tasks: Circulation Viewing display cases Points of interest: display cases, auditorium entrance, office

Design Criteria: 0-not a factor, 1-considered, 2-important, 3-most important Style 2 lobby gives first impression of building to guests Illuminance 1 only necessary for simple visual tasks and circulation Lamp color 1 should provide reasonable color rendering, warm source to render

warm surface materials (wood wall paneling) Daylight 1 some daylight through front doors may be useful Uniformity 1 avoid dark areas Luminances 1 guide attention toward displays and auditorium entrance Direct Glare 1 avoid discomfort, but people will not be here for long Reflections 3 avoid reflections on glass cases or glossy flooring Shadows 1 avoid shadowing within display cases Accents 3 accent display cases and auditorium entrances Sparkle 0 sparkle can enhance trophies and other display items 3D modeling 1 facial modeling important for security concerns Control 1 multiple settings, normal use versus evening event Special 0 no special considerations Horizontal Illuminance IES recommends 10 fc, 20-30 fc may be more appropriate Power Density from ASHRAE 90.1 (1999): 1.8 W/sq.ft. (lobby) 1.0 W/sq.ft. (accent lighting)

of 26

Existing Lighting System: A: 2X4 parabolic, 24 cell, 3 lamp, recessed Luminaire: Metalux 2P3GX-332S38I-277-EB82 Lamp: GE, F32T8/SPX35/ECO, 2950 (2800) lumens, 3500 K, 86 CRI Ballast: Advance, Mark 5, VIC-2S32, 2-lamp, 64 W, 0.88 BF, 0.99 PF Control: switched, all together, along with fixture AA F: single lamp strip Luminaire: Metalux SN132/SS4FT-277-EB81 Lamp: GE, F32T8/SPX35/ECO, 2950 (2800) lumens, 3500 K, 86 CRI Ballast: Advance, Mark 5, VIC-132, 1-lamp, 33 W, 0.88 BF, 0.99 PF Control: switched V: recessed downlight Luminaire: Halo H7460T-460IC Lamp: Philips 75PAR30L/HAL/FL25, 1000 lumens, 120 V, 2950K, 100 CRI Control: auditorium dimming panel Power Density: 28’ x 42’ + 208 sq.ft. = 1384 sq. ft. 12 luminaires x 3 lamps x 64 W per ballast x 0.5 ballasts per lamp 1152 W / 1384 sq.ft. = 0.83 W/sq.ft. (general) 4 x 33 W / 1384 sq.ft. = 0.10 W/sq.ft. (accent) Light Loss Factors: Maintenance Category IV Very Clean 12-month cleaning cycle Room Cavity Ratio = [2.5 x 10 x (2 x 28’ + 2 x 42’)] / (28’ x 42’) = 2.2 Lamp Lumen Depreciation (V) = 0.97 Lamp Lumen Depreciation (A, F) = 2800 / 2950 = 0.95 Luminaire Dirt Depreciation = 0.94 Room Surface Dirt Depreciation (Dirt Depreciation = 7 %) = 0.98 Ballast Factor (A, F) = 0.88 Ballast Factor (V) = 1.00 Total Light Loss Factor (A, F) = 0.95 x 0.94 x 0.98 x 0.88 = 0.77 Total Light Loss Factor (V) = 0.97 x 0.94 x 0.98 = 0.89

of 26


of 26

My drawings indicate a different luminaire arrangement than what actually exists in the space. At some point, there was a revision or change order that eliminated the interior set of doors in the lobby. My model of the space and luminaire layout is adjusted to show the actual conditions. The arrangement of parabolic luminaires in the lobby seems to be intended to provide wall illumination for various displays and plaques. The system accomplishes this, but could probably accomplish it more efficiently. The illuminances along the side walls are twice the recommended level, while the values in the center of the lobby are right on target. A single lamp wallwash might do a better job at helping with the display cases without using the extra lamps to put unnecessary foot-candles on the workplane. In addition, a luminaires might help avoid distracting reflections in the display case glass. Even though these are relatively low brightness fixtures, when they are noticeable the patterns are rather large.. The area in front of the trophy cases has the highest illuminances, which helps to draw attention into the space. The trophy case lighting gradient seems exaggerated in these calculation runs. Some sort of reflector would help to distribute the light a little more evenly, and might be in place in the actual installation even though the drawings call for plain strip lights.

of 26

Main Entrance Exterior

of 26

Description: 50’ radius semi-circular concrete slab porch 30’ by 35’ covered area six brick and concrete columns supporting sloped (10’-15’) translucent panel canopy aluminum frame glass entry doors three flagpoles on left (one 35’, two 25’) 5 black wrought iron style benches (two in front of flags, three on opposite side) Reflectances/Transmittances: ground: concrete 50% columns: concrete 50% brick (columns and façade): 50% grass and shrubs 30% doors: single pane T = 88% R = 8% translucent panels: Kalwall, crystal/white, U=0.18 T = 8% R = 60%

Tasks: Circulation Points of interest: main entry doors, canopy, supporting columns, flags

Design Criteria: 0-not a factor, 1-considered, 2-important, 3-most important Style 3 fixtures must fit with architecture and style gives first impression Illuminance 1 minimal illuminance required for circulation and security Lamp color 2 must render building materials well, warm source for brick Daylight 0 exterior space, not lit during day Uniformity 0 uniformity not required Luminances 2 surface luminances must enhance appearance; avoid ratios > 20:1 Direct Glare 2 avoid spotlights within peoples’ lines of sight Reflections 1 avoid reflections in glass entry doors Shadows 1 avoid shadows that detract from appearance Accents 2 architectural features: doorway, columns, canopy Sparkle 0 no sparkle necessary 3D modeling 1 facial modeling for security concerns Control 1 multiple settings, normal use v. evening event Special 0 no special considerations Horizontal Illuminance 3 fc Vertical Illuminance 5-10 fc (floodlit surfaces), 10 fc (flag) Power Density from ASHRAE 90.1 (1999): 3.0 W/sq.ft. of canopied space

of 26

Existing Lighting System: SL6: wall mount cutoff Luminaire: Kim WD14D2 / 150 HPS - 277 CTBS Lamp: Sylvania, LU150/55/MED, 15800 (13400) lumens, 2100 K, 22 CRI Ballast: Advance, ANSI S55, 188 W Control: switched IG: In-ground floodlight Luminaire: LSI Greenlee, RDB-175MH-277-AWW Lamp: Sylvania, M175/U/MED, 14400 (9300) lumens, 4000 K, 65 CRI Ballast: Advance, ANSI M57, 210 W Control: switched FL: Flag floodlight, wall mounted Luminaire: GE, MPF10M1NDB Lamp: GE, MXR100/U/MED, 9000 (6200) lumens, 3200 K, 70 CRI Ballast: Advance, ANSI M90, 118 W Power Density: 30’ x 35’ = 1050 sq.ft. 6 x 210 W + 2 x 188 W + 118 W = 1754 W 1754 W / 1050 sq.ft. = 1.67 W/sq.ft. canopied area Light Loss Factors: Lamp Lumen Depreciation (SL6) = 13400 / 15800 = 0.85 Lamp Lumen Depreciation (IG) = 9300 / 14400 = 0.65 Lamp Lumen Depreciation (FL) = 6200 / 9000 = 0.69 Luminaire Dirt Depreciation (SL6, very clean, 8 year exposure) = 0.91 Luminaire Dirt Depreciation (IG, very dirty, 1 year exposure) = 0.72 Luminaire Dirt Depreciation (FL, moderate, 8 year exposure) = 0.74 Ballast Factor (assumed for all fixtures) = 0.95 Total Light Loss Factor (SL6) = 0.85 x 0.91 x 0.95 = 0.73 Total Light Loss Factor (IG) = 0.65 x 0.72 x 0.95 = 0.44 Total Light Loss Factor (FL) = 0.69 x 0.74 x 0.95 = 0.49

of 26


of 26

Other than the Kim fixtures mounted over the door, the others were not clearly marked on the drawings. From examining the actual fixtures, I was able to make reasonable assumptions about the luminaires, but I cannot be sure that the lamp wattages used in these calculations are the same as what is actually in place. There are two major issues with the actual lighting of this entrance. First, the in-ground floodlights next to the columns have not been turned on for several years, including for nighttime events. It seems that there might be some sort of maintenance issues with them or their circuitry. Another issue is that the trees surrounding the

portico have grown to the point that one is blocking most of the light from the wall-mounted floodlight that is intended for the flag. The exterior lighting seems to meet both the horizontal illuminance and recommended level for floodlighting of the columns, but the flag lighting is not sufficient. Another potential problem is that the luminaires mounted over the doorways may create reflected glare on the glass doors for people entering the building.

Overall Critique These spaces, as well as the others in the building, all meet or exceed the basic visual requirements of the tasks. Most of the spaces studied in detail in this report provide plenty of extra light to please those people who prefer or need more light than the IES recommends. The only issues with these systems are of aesthetic concerns. In some areas, the luminance patterns, such as scalloping, are not very appealing. In areas such as the exterior, the lights are not performing as they should, and sometimes are not used at all. The North Hills Junior High School lighting is satisfactory overall, but may allow for improvement from and energy saving and/or aesthetic standpoint.

Lighting Existing Conditions and Design Criteria Report · 55 Rochester Road, ... PA 15229 10/6/04...

Documents

Transcript of Lighting Existing Conditions and Design Criteria Report · 55 Rochester Road, ... PA 15229 10/6/04...