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Light in the Darkness

(Appendix III)

Internews Radio in southern Sudan and the Three AreasFindings of Community Impact Assessment

Sonya De Masi, May 2011

Appendix IIIIII

APPENDIX III ARadio Al Mujtama fi Kurmuk

Internews Radio in Southern Sudan and the Three AreasImpact Assessment ReportRadio Al Mujtama fi KurmukKurmuk, Blue Nile StateNovember 2010

Demographics

A. Age, gender and education

The sample is comprised of 151 respondents, 59% male and 34% female. The majority of

respondents are between the ages of 16 and 45 and have either completed or received some

primary education.

Male Female

Under 16 2.25% 1.96%

16-25 20.22% 31.37%

26-35 29.21% 39.22%

36-45 30.34% 21.57%

45+ 15.73% 3.92%

The age distribution is similar among men and women, except that the female respondents are

comparatively younger than the male respondents. Female respondents are also less educated

than their male counterparts. See table below for full breakdown.

No schooling, illiterate

No schooling literate

Some primary

Primary, complete

Some secondary

Secondary, complete

Madrassa

Male 13.48% 8.99% 32.58% 30.34% 3.37% 7.87% 2.25%

Female 17.65% 31.37% 35.29% 13.73% 0.00% 1.96% 0.00%

B. Assets: TV set, radio, cell phone and computer

Very few respondents, 2% and 9% respectively, own a computer or television. However, a sizable

portion, 22%, owns a cell phone while almost half, 47%, owns a radio. Overall, fewer women own a

television set, radio, cell phone and computer than men.

128 | Light in the Darkness

C. Source of income

Over half of respondents, gain their income from farming or being a pastoralist another 17% gains

its income from owning a shop and carrying out small business.

Sources of Information

A. Which of the following do you use to get information?

Radio is the most popular source of information among the respondents. Churches/Mosques and

television are also used as sources of information by a sizable number of respondents. Younger

people tend to rely on radio and TV for information while people between the ages of 36-45 also

use community events as a source of information. Women, in addition to radio, use churches/

mosques as a source of information. Radio and Churches/Mosques are used as information

sources by respondents of all educational levels, while TV is used more by respondents with some

schooling. See graphs and tables below for full breakdown.

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45 45+

Radio 100% 94% 90% 80% 89%

TV 25% 21% 16% 17% 11%

Newspapers/Magazines 0% 9% 12% 0% 0%

Word of Mouth 0% 9% 12% 5% 0%

Internet 0% 0% 0% 2% 0%

Mobile Phone 0% 0% 2% 0% 0%

Church/Mosque 0% 21% 31% 17% 11%

Police 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Billboards and Posters 0% 3% 2% 0% 0%

Community events 0% 9% 8% 20% 6%


No schooling, illiterate


Some primary

Primary, complete

Some secondary

Secondary, complete

Madrassa

Radio 91% 62% 96% 97% 100% 88% 100%

TV 9% 15% 10% 28% 75% 25% 0%

Newspapers/

Magazines

4% 0% 4% 19% 0% 13% 0%

Word of

Mouth

9% 0% 6% 11% 0% 13% 0%

Internet 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Mobile Phone 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Church/

Mosque

17% 50% 18% 14% 0% 25% 0%

Police 0% 0% 2% 3% 0% 0% 0%

Billboards and

Posters

0% 0% 2% 6% 0% 0% 0%

Community

events

4% 15% 18% 8% 0% 13% 0%

B. What is the source of information that you trust the most?

Radio is by far the most trusted source of information by respondents. This was the case across

age groups, genders and education levels.

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45 45+

Radio 100% 85% 75% 66% 83%

Community Event 0% 0% 0% 2% 0%

TV 0% 3% 6% 12% 0%

Word of mouth/Family and friend 0% 3% 0% 5% 0%

Internet 0% 0% 2% 0% 0%

Church/mosque 0% 0% 4% 2% 6%


No schooling illiterate


Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Radio 65% 46% 86% 86% 100% 88% 100%

Community

event

0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

TV 9% 8% 6% 6% 0% 0% 0%

Word of mouth

(friend and

family)

4% 4% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0%

Internet 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Church/mosque 4% 12% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Missing 17% 27% 6% 6% 0% 13% 0%

C. How important do you think access to information/media is to your life?

Information is ‘very important’ or ‘important’ to a vast majority of respondents across age groups,

genders and education levels. It is the most important to younger, more educated and male

respondents.

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45 45+

Very important 100% 79% 71% 44% 67%

Important 0% 15% 25% 44% 33%

A little important 0% 0% 2% 7% 0%

Not important 0% 0% 2% 2% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 68% 12% 68% 94% 100% 88% 100%

Important 32% 72% 28% 3% 0% 13% 0%

A little important 0% 8% 4% 3% 0% 0% 0%

Not important 0% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

D. Do you have any problems accessing information?

In general, the biggest problem in accessing information is lack of money. This was true for

respondents over the age of 16, while those under 16 reported no problem. Men were divided,

40% said they encountered no problem, while another 42% said they lacked money and 20% said

it was not available. Half of women said that money was an issue or that it was not available. Only


20% said that they did not have problem as compared to 42% of men. For illiterate people with no

schooling, 43% said they had no problem while 30% said that lack of money was an issue. For

literate respondents with no schooling, 54% said it was not available while 35% said money was an

issue. For respondents with some primary education, money was an issue for 61%. People with

some education, 75% reported no problem while 50% of people with completed secondary

education or madrassa education there was no problem in accessing information.

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45 45+

No Problem 75% 29% 35% 27% 33%

No money 25% 50% 43% 44% 44%

No interest 0% 0% 2% 0% 6%

Not available 0% 12% 20% 22% 6%

Not allowed 0% 0% 0% 2% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

No Problem 43% 0% 25% 53% 75% 50% 50%

No money 30% 35% 61% 39% 25% 38% 50%

No interest 0% 4% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Not available 26% 54% 2% 3% 0% 13% 0%

Not allowed 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0%

Radio Access Usage

A. Do you have a radio set (yourself or at home)?

Less than half, 46.1% of respondents own a radio, (56% for males and 37% for females). A greater

portion of respondents over the age of 36, own radios than their younger counterparts.

Male Female

Yes 56% 37%

No 44% 63%

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45 45+

Yes 25% 38% 41% 51% 61%

No 75% 56% 57% 44% 39%


B. How often do you listen to the radio?

The vast majority of respondents, 70%, listen to the radio daily. Younger people, males, and

respondents who own a radio listen to the radio daily more than older people, women and

respondents who do not own a radio.

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45 45+

Daily 100.00% 73.53% 70.59% 65.85% 66.67%

Weekly 0.00% 8.82% 13.73% 4.88% 16.67%

Monthly 0.00% 2.94% 1.96% 4.88% 0.00%

Never 0.00% 8.82% 11.76% 21.95% 16.67%

C. Where do you listen to radio?

A vast majority of respondents listen to the radio at home.

D. With whom do you listen to the radio?

A majority of respondents listen to the radio with family.

E. Who turns on the radio or chooses the station?

Usually, the man of the household turns on the station and chooses the stations.

G. At what times do you listen to the radio?

A majority of respondents listen to the radio in the morning, this holds across genders and age

groups.

Morning Afternoon Evening Night All day

Under 16 50% 0% 0% 0% 50%

16-25 71% 3% 26% 18% 9%

26-35 61% 8% 29% 25% 16%

36-45 51% 15% 32% 24% 10%

45+ 67% 11% 22% 11% 0%


Male 67% 9% 33% 20% 12%

Female 59% 8% 25% 22% 4%


H. What are your favorite times to listen to the radio?


Under 16 50% 0% 0% 0% 50%

16-25 59% 0% 18% 18% 6%

26-35 39% 0% 12% 31% 10%

36-45 34% 2% 29% 27% 7%

45+ 56% 0% 22% 22% 6%


Male 48% 1% 25% 26% 9%

Female 45% 0% 14% 22% 2%

I. Which of these radio stations do you listen to?

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45 45+

BBC 0.00% 38.24% 37.25% 26.83% 27.78%

Radio Al Mujtama 50.00% 41.18% 49.02% 39.02% 44.44%

SRS 50.00% 17.65% 27.45% 26.83% 0.00%

Miraya FM 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.88% 0.00%

Radio Omdurman 0.00% 14.71% 15.69% 17.07% 5.56%

Programming

A. Which topics are of importance to you? Please rank by order of priority.

• Local news (Community)

Local news is ‘very important’ to a majority of respondents. This is true for both genders and

across all age groups and education levels.

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45 45+

Very important 100% 71% 59% 59% 78%

Important 0% 9% 27% 15% 11%






Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 56.52% 38.46% 74.51% 72.22% 100.00% 75.00% 100.00%

Important 17.39% 23.08% 15.69% 16.67% 0.00% 12.50% 0.00%

A little important 4.35% 11.54% 0.00% 2.78% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Not important 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.78% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Missing 22% 27% 10% 6% 0% 13% 0%

• Politics

Politics is generally ‘very important’ to a majority of respondents. There is not much difference

between age groups and genders, while people with higher education levels tend to find politics

to be more important as information topic than their less educated counterparts.

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45 45+

Very important 50% 47% 61% 44% 72%

Important 25% 24% 14% 22% 11%


Missing 0% 12% 10% 20% 11%




Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 26% 38% 59% 72% 100% 75% 50%

Important 35% 4% 22% 17% 0% 13% 0%

A little important 22% 31% 4% 6% 0% 0% 50%

Not important 0% 0% 6% 3% 0% 0% 0%

Missing 17% 27% 10% 3% 0% 13% 0%

• Women

Information on women is ‘very important’ to a majority of respondents both for men and

women.

• Agriculture/income generation

Agriculture/income generation is a ‘very important’ topic of information to an overwhelming

majority, this holds true for both genders and across age groups and educational levels.




Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 78% 69% 90% 94% 100% 88% 100%

important 4% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45 45+

Very Important 100.00% 85.29% 88.24% 78.05% 88.89%

Important 0.00% 0.00% 1.96% 2.44% 0.00%

• Health/hygiene

Male Female

Very important 87.64% 80.39%

important 0.00% 3.92%

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45 45+

Very Important 100.00% 88.24% 90.20% 75.61% 88.89%

Important 0.00% 0.00% 1.96% 2.44% 0.00%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 83% 62% 92% 97% 100% 88% 100%

important 0% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

B. What kind of information would you like to know about, that is not currently available to

you?

(Lots of answers unusable because they were in Arabic or said FM88)

Respondents cited news, health information, popular consultation, peace & development and

cultural/traditional programs as the kinds of information they seek. Below are some examples of

responses:

• “for instance the going of the commissioner to some area was not broadcast on the radio”

• “peace & development, community messages, learning village

• “health announcements eg Malaria”

• “sanitation information”

• health info, news


• “popular consultation”

• “news, traditional culture, local music”

• “duala culture, traditions, local music”

• “duala culture, duala music, duala visit to station”

Specific Programming: Radio Al Mujtama fi Kurmuk

A. Please name your favorite programs on Radio Al Mujtama fi Kurmuk?

Program No. cited by respondents

Peace & Development 27

Education 27

Community messages 13

Health 11

learning villages 11

Youth 4

Local community issues 3

Call-in 2

Some exact answers given:

• “borou languge and culture, music, hygeine promotion”

• “call-in, visiting out distance”

• “community messages, tarbia wa tahim, peace & development”

• “cultural awareness, local music”

• “ how people live & send children to school, good news about what happens in some areas/

countries, health”

• “local community issues, education”

• “peace & development, education, health”

• “Uduk news, Salam wa Tenmia, peace & development”

• “water, hospital, education”

B. Please name your favorite presenters on Radio Al Mujtama fi Kurmuk?

Name of presenter Number of times cited by respondents

Samuel 57

Aziz 54

Khadija 53

Dominic 43

Al Tayeb 54


C. How are useful are the following programs? Please rank them.

News (Arabic) News (Uduk)

News (Arabic)

Male Female Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45 45+

Very Useful 63% 41% 100% 47% 61% 51% 61%

Not useful 0% 2% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0%

News (Uduk)

Very Useful 60% 47% 25% 53% 61% 46% 61%

Not useful 11% 20% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0%

Breakfast Show ‘Saba Al Kher Kurmuk’

Breakfast Show


Very Useful 57% 35% 100% 53% 53% 37% 61%

Not useful 9% 12% 0% 9% 18% 7% 0%

Saba Al Kher Kurmuk’

Very Useful 73% 53% 100% 68% 69% 56% 72%

Not useful 0% 4% 0% 6% 0% 0% 0%

Listeners Live Call-in


Very Useful 53% 43% 75% 53% 55% 37% 56%

Not useful 2% 2% 0% 6% 0% 2% 0%

Learning Village (Education)

Very Useful 81% 78% 100% 76% 90% 71% 72%

Not useful 1% 2% 0% 3% 2% 0% 0%

Salam Wa Tenmia (peace and development)


Very Useful 82% 80% 82% 90% 71% 72% 81%

Don’t Listen 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 1%

Moathen Bukra (women, children and youth)

Very Useful 75% 73% 100% 79% 80% 63% 72%

Don’t Listen 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0%


Soukna (business)


Very Useful 80% 73% 100% 74% 84% 71% 78%

Don’t Listen 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0%

Moatho Ta Saha (Health)

Very Useful 80% 75% 100% 79% 82% 68% 83%

Don’t Listen 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 5% 0%

Zeraa Le Haya (Agriculture)

Very Useful 83% 78% 100% 82% 88% 73% 78%

Don’t Listen 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0%

Community Messages


Very Useful 80% 67% 100% 79% 80% 63% 83%

Don’t Listen 3% 16% 0% 6% 8% 12% 0%

Let’s Talk (peace & democracy)

Very Useful 75% 57% 100% 74% 71% 56% 83%

Not useful 3% 10% 0% 3% 6% 10% 0%

Terbia Advance


Very Useful 63% 61% 100% 71% 63% 49% 72%

Not useful 1% 4% 0% 3% 2% 2% 0%

Derdesha

Very Useful 69% 57% 100% 68% 73% 56% 72%

Not useful 3% 10% 0% 3% 6% 7% 0%

Misa Al Kher Kurmuk


Very Useful 75% 63% 75% 71% 76% 63% 83%

Don’t Listen 4% 18% 0% 6% 10% 15% 0%

Religious Program

Very Useful 79% 65% 100% 74% 80% 63% 78%

Not Useful 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0%


Talim Le Kul (education)


Very Useful 78% 75% 100% 74% 78% 73% 78%

Not Useful 2% 0% 0% 3% 2% 0% 0%

Niha Minu (culture)

Very Useful 70% 61% 100% 62% 67% 66% 78%

Not Useful 6% 10% 0% 6% 14% 2% 0%

Sot Al Sharia (local community issues)


Very Useful 75% 63% 100% 71% 76% 63% 72%

Don’t Listen 4% 16% 0% 6% 10% 12% 0%

Sot Al Mara (women)

Very Useful 62% 59% 100% 68% 63% 49% 67%

Don’t Listen 4% 18% 0% 6% 10% 15% 0%

Reyada Le Ta Gayer (sport)


Very Useful 75% 45% 100% 62% 69% 59% 78%

Not useful 0% 4% 0% 0% 2% 2% 0%

D. Which of these presenters do you listen to on Radio Al Mujtama fi Kurmuk?

Dominic Santo


Always 57% 41% 75% 53% 61% 44% 61%

Sometimes 20% 20% 25% 24% 16% 17% 22%

Never 6% 25% 0% 9% 14% 20% 0%

Abdalaziz Ramadan

Always 55% 39% 75% 53% 57% 46% 39%

Sometimes 21% 25% 25% 24% 22% 12% 44%

Never 6% 20% 0% 6% 10% 20% 0%


Khadika Abdalziz


Always 61% 49% 75% 59% 67% 44% 56%

Sometimes 17% 16% 25% 18% 16% 12% 28%

Never 6% 20% 0% 6% 10% 20% 0%

Samuel Chula

Always 57% 51% 75% 59% 63% 54% 39%

Sometimes 18% 14% 25% 18% 16% 5% 44%

Never 6% 20% 0% 6% 10% 20% 0%

Al Tayeb Al Jaily

Always 35% 29% 75% 38% 31% 34% 39%

Sometimes 26% 24% 25% 29% 29% 7% 39%

Never 20% 33% 0% 15% 29% 37% 6%

Interaction

A. Please indicate how often you interact with Radio Al Mujtama fi Kurmuk?

Listen


Never 37% 53% 0% 29% 47% 54% 44%

About once a month 16% 6% 25% 24% 10% 5% 6%

Several times a month 15% 8% 50% 9% 20% 5% 11%

About once a week 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6%

Several times a week 12% 10% 25% 15% 4% 7% 22%

More often 4% 8% 0% 9% 12% 7% 0%

Phone-in

Never 56% 76% 100% 62% 69% 61% 61%



About once a week 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0%


More often 4% 0% 0% 3% 2% 5% 0%


SMS


Never 65% 80% 50% 74% 73% 73% 67%



About once a week 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


More often 2% 2% 0% 0% 0% 2% 11%

Write-in

Never 62% 82% 50% 68% 73% 71% 72%



About once a week 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


More often 4% 2% 0% 3% 0% 7% 6%

Visit


Never 69% 84% 100% 79% 78% 66% 72%



About once a week 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


More often 2% 0% 0% 0% 2% 2% 6%

Make a Program

Never 70% 78% 50% 76% 76% 68% 72%



About once a week 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


More often 6% 2% 50% 0% 6% 5% 6%


Volunteer


Never 71% 82% 75% 71% 80% 68% 83%



About once a week 1% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0%


More often 8% 2% 25% 6% 4% 7% 6%

Guest on Air

Never 49% 63% 0% 47% 63% 59% 44%



About once a week 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


More often 20% 12% 75% 21% 12% 10% 28%

Interviewed


Never 62% 73% 50% 62% 75% 71% 56%



About once a week 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


More often 17% 12% 50% 18% 12% 5% 28%

Attended Event

Never 63% 73% 25% 74% 67% 68% 67%



About once a week 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


More often 12% 8% 50% 9% 14% 5% 11%

B. What would make you more likely to interact with your community radio station?

Respondents cited news, information and music (answers in Arabic not able to analyze)


Mobile Phone

A. Do you have a mobile phone and have you ever sent an SMS to a radio station?


Have a mobile Phone 28% 12% 25% 21% 31% 22% 11%

Have sent an SMS to a radio station 1% 4% 0% 0% 2% 0% 6%

Would Consider sending SMS to radio station 29% 18% 50% 26% 27% 15% 28%

B. Do you ever use your mobile phone to SMS people and would you consider sending SMS to

a radio station?

Use mobile to SMS people


Never 60% 61% 75% 59% 63% 61% 67%



About once a week 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5% 0%


More often 4% 2% 25% 3% 2% 2% 6%

Access information on mobile phone

Never 62% 73% 75% 62% 69% 66% 72%



About once a week 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


More often 6% 0% 9% 2% 2% 0% 3%

D. If information were available to you by mobile phone, would that be useful to you?


Very useful 26% 18% 50% 26% 22% 12% 28%

Useful 4% 10% 0% 3% 8% 7% 0%

Somewhat useful 3% 2% 0% 6% 4% 2% 0%

Not useful 3% 2% 0% 0% 2% 5% 6%

Don’t know 36% 45% 0% 29% 47% 44% 44%

If yes, do you know what kind of information would be useful? ( most answers in Arabic)

Respondents cited news, education and peace and development as useful information.


Civil Society and Media

Thinking specifically about Radio Al Mujtama fi Kurmuk, please answer the following.

A. Radio is an essential source of information in my community


Strongly Agree 69% 53% 75% 68% 65% 51% 83%

Agree 17% 27% 25% 18% 25% 24% 6%

Neither Agree or Disagree 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Strongly Disagree 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Don’t Know 0% 6% 0% 0% 2% 5% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 65% 35% 65% 78% 100% 75% 100%

Agree 17% 27% 25% 17% 0% 13% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 12% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

B. Radio has improved my access to information

Male Female Under 16

16-25 26-35 36-45 45+

Strongly Agree 51% 49% 75% 62% 49% 39% 67%

Agree 25% 18% 25% 18% 29% 37% 11%


Disagree 0% 0% 0% 0% 6% 2% 6%


Don’t Know 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 2% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 65% 27% 43% 64% 100% 63% 100%


Agree 17% 35% 35% 19% 0% 25% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 0% 6% 6% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

C. The radio station has helped me to be more tolerant of cultural differences


Strongly Agree 51% 41% 75% 53% 43% 41% 72%

Agree 25% 24% 25% 24% 39% 32% 11%


Disagree 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 3% 0% 3% 4% 7% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 65% 27% 43% 58% 100% 38% 100%

Agree 17% 23% 37% 33% 0% 50% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 19% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0%

D. My attitude/behavior towards women and girls is different because of information I hear on

the radio.


Strongly Agree 51% 35% 75% 62% 37% 29% 61%

Agree 18% 18% 25% 9% 22% 32% 17%


Disagree 13% 12% 0% 9% 16% 12% 11%


Don’t Know 0% 16% 0% 3% 10% 5% 0%




Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 52% 12% 35% 64% 100% 63% 100%

Agree 17% 23% 31% 17% 0% 0% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 4% 0% 0% 13% 0%

Disagree 4% 12% 18% 11% 0% 13% 0%


Don’t Know 4% 27% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

E. People in my community are more respectful of each other as a result of information heard

on the radio.


Strongly Agree 56% 43% 100% 59% 51% 41% 67%

Agree 0% 18% 0% 18% 33% 39% 22%


Disagree 0% 6% 0% 6% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 61% 23% 47% 69% 100% 63% 100%

Agree 22% 46% 39% 14% 0% 25% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 4% 3% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 0% 0% 6% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

F. Radio has given me a better understanding of daily life in my community.


Strongly Agree 53% 45% 75% 62% 47% 39% 72%

Agree 30% 31% 0% 24% 37% 37% 11%



Disagree 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6%


Don’t Know 0% 8% 0% 0% 4% 5% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 61% 27% 45% 67% 100% 50% 100%

Agree 13% 35% 41% 25% 0% 38% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 4% 12% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

G. Radio has given me a better understanding of the events beyond my community.


Strongly Agree 49% 45% 100% 50% 49% 37% 67%

Agree 17% 18% 0% 18% 20% 17% 11%


Disagree 12% 10% 0% 9% 10% 15% 11%


Don’t Know 0% 14% 0% 6% 6% 5% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 65% 19% 39% 64% 100% 63% 100%

Agree 4% 31% 25% 11% 0% 0% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 4% 11% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 4% 8% 18% 6% 0% 25% 0%


Don’t Know 4% 15% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0%


H. As a result of information I hear on the radio, I am better able to make decisions to protect

my health and that of my family


Strongly Agree 53% 41% 100% 53% 55% 39% 56%

Agree 0% 24% 0% 24% 35% 34% 22%


Disagree 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 6%


Don’t Know 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 5% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 61% 19% 45% 69% 100% 50% 100%

Agree 13% 46% 37% 25% 0% 25% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 4% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

I. The radio station in my community is a credible source of information.


Strongly Agree 52% 39% 100% 53% 45% 37% 61%

Agree 29% 27% 0% 21% 33% 32% 22%


Disagree 0% 2% 0% 6% 2% 0% 6%


Don’t Know 2% 12% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0%




Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 57% 15% 43% 61% 100% 63% 100%

Agree 17% 38% 33% 25% 0% 25% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 6% 3% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 4% 19% 4% 6% 0% 0% 0%

J. The radio station in my community provides a platform for interaction.


Strongly Agree 46% 35% 100% 53% 39% 29% 56%

Agree 26% 25% 17% 27% 31% 25% 0%


Disagree 6% 2% 4% 0% 4% 8% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 18% 9% 23% 2% 0% 0%

0



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 52% 15% 39% 53% 100% 50% 100%

Agree 17% 27% 31% 25% 0% 38% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 0% 8% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 4% 0% 4% 8% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 9% 23% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0%


K. As citizens, we should be active in our community.


Strongly Agree 49% 39% 100% 50% 43% 34% 67%

Agree 33% 39% 0% 29% 43% 39% 22%


Disagree 3% 0% 0% 3% 4% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 4% 0% 0% 2% 2% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 57% 12% 45% 64% 100% 38% 100%

Agree 22% 54% 41% 25% 0% 38% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 0% 0% 6% 0% 13% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Democracy

A. Information is essential to a peaceful and democratic society


Strongly Agree 72% 61% 71% 73% 54% 83% 68%

Agree 12% 18% 12% 20% 15% 0% 14%

Neither Agree or Disagree 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6% 1%


Don’t Know 0% 6% 0% 0% 7% 0% 2%




Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 65% 31% 73% 86% 100% 75% 100%

Agree 17% 23% 14% 8% 0% 13% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 12% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

B. Participation is essential to a peaceful and democratic society


Strongly Agree 72% 61% 75% 74% 71% 59% 78%

Agree 12% 18% 25% 9% 20% 12% 11%


Disagree 1% 2% 0% 3% 2% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 6% 0% 0% 0% 7% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 65% 35% 75% 81% 100% 88% 100%

Agree 17% 23% 12% 14% 0% 0% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 4% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 12% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


C. Radio has increased my understanding of political processes (CPA, referendum)


Strongly Agree 60% 51% 100% 65% 63% 37% 61%

Agree 21% 24% 0% 12% 25% 34% 11%


Disagree 3% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 17%


Don’t Know 0% 12% 0% 6% 2% 7% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 74% 12% 57% 67% 100% 75% 100%

Agree 0% 38% 29% 22% 0% 13% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 8% 2% 3% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 9% 15% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

D. The political leadership in my community is visible and interacts with communities.


Strongly Agree 48% 57% 100% 56% 57% 37% 61%

Agree 30% 14% 0% 24% 24% 29% 22%


Disagree 3% 0% 0% 0% 2% 2% 6%


Don’t Know 0% 16% 0% 6% 6% 7% 0%




Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 65% 19% 55% 61% 100% 38% 100%

Agree 4% 19% 33% 28% 0% 50% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 4% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 9% 23% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

E. As citizens, we should be active in questioning the actions of our leaders.


Strongly Agree 47% 49% 100% 47% 49% 39% 56%

Agree 36% 31% 0% 35% 41% 34% 28%


Disagree 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6%


Don’t Know 0% 2% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 65% 23% 37% 67% 100% 38% 100%

Agree 13% 38% 49% 28% 0% 50% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


Emergency Radio

A. In times of crisis, radio is a critical source of information.


Strongly Agree 51% 43% 100% 56% 45% 37% 67%

Agree 33% 35% 0% 24% 43% 34% 22%


Disagree 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 6% 0% 3% 4% 0% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 70% 27% 39% 58% 100% 50% 100%

Agree 9% 42% 39% 36% 0% 38% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 4% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0%

B. In the event of crisis, I would turn to the radio for information.


Strongly Agree 55% 43% 75% 56% 53% 39% 61%

Agree 27% 35% 25% 24% 35% 34% 17%


Disagree 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 11%


Don’t Know 0% 2% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0%




Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 70% 23% 39% 67% 100% 63% 100%

Agree 9% 38% 47% 19% 0% 25% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 0% 2% 3% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

C. In a crisis, I would want the radio to stay on-air with information.


Strongly Agree 52% 47% 100% 56% 57% 29% 56%

Agree 27% 25% 0% 24% 31% 29% 17%


Disagree 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 2% 6%


Don’t Know 0% 6% 0% 0% 4% 2% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Strongly Agree 70% 19% 41% 64% 100% 50% 100%

Agree 9% 35% 37% 22% 0% 25% 0%

Neither Agree or

Disagree

0% 4% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Disagree 0% 4% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0%


Don’t Know 0% 12% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

E. In times of crisis, what is the most important thing to hear on radio? (lots of answers in

Arabic)

All who answered (13) said news and information, one person said “peace & development, popular

consultation issue.”


Referendum

Thinking specifically about Radio Al Mujtama fi Kurmuk, please answer the following.

During the referendum period, which topics are of importance to you? Please rank them by order

of priority.

A. Where to register


Very important 72% 65% 75% 71% 73% 59% 89%

Important 9% 20% 0% 12% 14% 17% 0%

A Little Important 1% 2% 25% 3% 0% 0% 0%

Not Important 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 61% 42% 75% 83% 100% 75% 100%

Important 17% 31% 10% 6% 0% 0% 0%


Not Important 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0%

B. Where to vote


Very important 72% 65% 75% 71% 75% 59% 89%

Important 10% 20% 25% 12% 12% 17% 0%


Not Important 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 61% 42% 76% 83% 100% 75% 100%

Important 17% 31% 10% 6% 0% 0% 0%


Not Important 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%


C. Results in other communities


Very important 78% 78% 100% 79% 84% 68% 89%

Important 4% 6% 0% 3% 4% 7% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 78% 58% 82% 89% 100% 75% 100%

Important 0% 15% 4% 3% 0% 0% 0%

D. North/south relations


Very important 37% 24% 100% 38% 25% 24% 44%

Important 16% 16% 0% 18% 16% 15% 22%


Not Important 13% 16% 0% 15% 24% 10% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 30% 8% 29% 47% 75% 38% 100%

Important 22% 19% 20% 6% 0% 25% 0%


Not Important 0% 4% 22% 22% 0% 13% 0%

E. Political speeches


Very important 45% 37% 75% 53% 37% 29% 61%

Important 24% 10% 25% 15% 24% 20% 17%


Not Important 3% 10% 0% 6% 8% 7% 0%




Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 26% 15% 49% 53% 100% 50% 100%

Important 30% 19% 18% 22% 0% 13% 0%


Not Important 0% 4% 12% 3% 0% 13% 0%

F. Political analysis


Very important 43% 39% 75% 44% 45% 29% 56%

Important 24% 12% 0% 21% 22% 15% 17%


Not Important 3% 8% 0% 6% 6% 7% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 35% 23% 37% 58% 100% 50% 100%

Important 17% 15% 24% 19% 0% 13% 0%


Not Important 0% 0% 14% 3% 0% 0% 0%

G. Conflict


Very important 26% 18% 50% 26% 22% 10% 33%

Important 3% 4% 0% 0% 4% 7% 11%


Not Important 42% 39% 50% 47% 45% 39% 33%




Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 9% 4% 14% 42% 75% 38% 100%

Important 4% 15% 2% 3% 0% 0% 0%


Not Important 52% 23% 57% 33% 25% 38% 0%

H. Movement of people


Very important 28% 31% 50% 29% 31% 20% 33%

Important 7% 10% 0% 9% 6% 12% 0%


Not Important 36% 27% 50% 29% 37% 34% 33%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 13% 15% 24% 44% 75% 38% 100%

Important 13% 15% 2% 11% 0% 0% 0%


Not Important 39% 23% 45% 25% 25% 38% 0%

I. Local news


Very important 70% 63% 75% 71% 65% 59% 89%

Important 12% 20% 0% 12% 22% 17% 0%


Not Important 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%




Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 65% 42% 76% 69% 100% 75% 100%

Important 9% 31% 8% 22% 0% 0% 0%

A Little Important 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Important 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

J. Popular consultation


Very important 64% 71% 75% 74% 67% 56% 72%

Important 7% 6% 0% 6% 10% 2% 6%


Not Important 3% 2% 0% 0% 4% 7% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 43% 62% 65% 83% 100% 63% 100%

Important 4% 8% 6% 8% 0% 0% 0%


Not Important 4% 0% 6% 3% 0% 0% 0%

K. International news


Very important 58% 59% 100% 65% 57% 49% 78%

Important 18% 16% 0% 9% 20% 24% 6%


Not Important 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 57% 35% 65% 72% 75% 63% 100%

Important 13% 27% 14% 17% 0% 13% 0%


Not Important 0% 0% 0% 0% 25% 0% 0%


L. Non-referendum programming


Very important 28% 24% 50% 21% 25% 24% 39%

Important 6% 4% 0% 0% 6% 7% 6%


Not Important 13% 14% 0% 24% 14% 7% 17%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 4% 23% 31% 33% 50% 25% 50%

Important 4% 0% 6% 8% 0% 0% 0%


Not Important 39% 4% 8% 11% 25% 25% 0%

M. Music


Very important 38% 29% 100% 47% 33% 22% 44%

Important 21% 37% 0% 24% 24% 41% 0%


Not Important 1% 8% 0% 6% 2% 2% 6%



Some primary

Primary complete

Some secondary

Secondary complete

Madrassa

Very important 57% 0% 31% 47% 100% 38% 100%

Important 22% 38% 27% 22% 0% 13% 0%


Not Important 0% 8% 4% 3% 0% 0% 0%


Cross Cutting Analysis

1. Radio is the most trusted source of info vs. use of Radio as info source

Does not use Radio as Info source

Uses Radio as Info source

Radio is most trusted info source 6.7% 84.3%

2. Radio as Info source vs. importance of information/access to media to life

Does not use Radio as Info source

Uses Radio as Info source


Important 46.7% 24.6%

A little Important 13.3% 2.2%

Not important at all 13.3%

3. Radio Ownership & who turns Radio on vs. Gender

Male Female

Owns radio 52.8% 37.3%

Does not own Radio 41.6% 62.7%

Myself 87.6% 51.0%

Spouse 13.7%

Child 1.1% 2.0%

Parent 1.1% 11.8%

Brother/sister 2.0%

other 2.0%

4. Info sources vs. opinions on civil society and democracy

a. Radio is an essential source of information in my community vs. using radio as info source ( for

each opinion what percent of those who use radio as info source are saying this)

Does not use Radio as info source

Uses Radio as info source

Strongly Agree 13.3% 69.4%

Agree 6.7% 22.4%

Don’t Know 13.3% 0.7%


b. Radio has helped me be more tolerant of cultural differences vs. using radio as info source




Agree 6.7% 32.1%

Neither 0.7%

Don’t Know 13.3% 3.0%

c. People in my community are more respectful of each other as a result of information heard on

the radio vs. use radio as info source




Agree 26.7% 28.4%

d. As citizens we should be active in community vs. use of radio as info source




Agree 13.3% 35.8%

Don’t Know 13.3%

e. Radio has increased my understanding of political processes (CPA, referendum) vs. use of

radio as info source




Agree 20.0% 21.6%

Don’t Know 3.7% 3.7%

f. As citizens, we should be active in questioning the actions of our leaders vs. use of radio as info

source




Agree 6.7% 37.3%

Don’t Know 6.7%


5. Opinion on civil society and emergency vs. importance of Radio Kurmuk

a. In times of crisis, radio is a critical source of information (for each opinion showing the

percentage from those who said Radio Kurmuk is very important)

Radio Kurmuk is very useful

Strongly Agree 59.8%

Agree 30.8%

Neither 0.9%

Strongly Agree 1.9%

Don’t Know 1.9%

b. In the event of crisis, I would turn to the radio for information (for each opinion showing the

percentage from those who said Radio Kurmuk is very important)



Agree 28.0%

Neither 1.9%

Disagree 1.9%

Strongly disagree 1.9%

c. As a result of information I hear on the radio, I am better able to make decisions to protect my

health and that of my family information (for each opinion showing the percentage from those

who said Radio Kurmuk is very important)



Agree 30.8%

Neither 0.0%

Disagree 1.9%

Strongly Agree 0.9%


d. Radio has given me a better understanding of daily life in my community information (for each

opinion showing the percentage from those who said Radio Kurmuk is very important)



Agree 30.8%


APPENDIX III BVoice of Community Kauda

Internews Radio in Southern Sudan and the Three AreasImpact Assessment ReportVoice of Community KaudaKauda, Southern KordofanJanuary 2011

Age and Gender

1. Age

2. Gender


Table 1 Age vs Gender

Male Female

Under 16 Count 9 8

% within Age 52.94% 47.06%

% within Gender 12.50% 14.81%

16-25 Count 23 13

% within Age 62.16% 35.14%


26-35 Count 22 14

% within Age 61.11% 38.89%


36-45 Count 13 11

% within Age 54.17% 45.83%


45+ Count 5 8

% within Age 35.71% 57.14%


5. Do you own a TV /Radio/Cell phone/Computer?

Own Cell Phone

OwnRadio

Yes No

Yes OwnTV Yes % within OwnTV 98.2% 1.8%

% within OwnRadio 59.3% 50.0%

No % within OwnTV 97.4% 2.6%


Total % within OwnTV 97.8% 2.2%


No OwnTV Yes % within OwnTV 66.7% 33.3%


No % within OwnTV 70.8% 29.2%


Total % within OwnTV 70.4% 29.6%



6. What is your primary source of income?

Male Female

Shop/Business % within Income 66.67% 28.57%


Farmer/Pastoralist % within Income 45.45% 52.27%


Labor % within Income 70.59% 29.41%


Teacher % within Income 68.75% 31.25%


Housewife % within Income 50.00% 50.00%


None % within Income 45.45% 54.55%



1. Which of the following do you use to get information?


2. What is the source of information that you trust the most?

3. How important do you think access to information/media is to your life?

4. Do you have any problems accessing information?


Radio Access Usage

1. Do have a radio set yourself at home?

2. If no do you access to a radio?

3. How often to you listen to the radio?


4. Where do you listen to the radio?

5. With whom do you listen to the radio?


6. Who turns on the radio or chooses the station?

7. Do you know people who do not listen to the radio?

8. If so why don’t they listen to the radio?

No access to a radio set 59.5

No interest 19.0

No coverage 34.5

9. At what times do you listen to the radio?


10. What are your favorite times to listen to the radio?


11. Please the name the radio stations you listen to?

12. How important to you as an information source are BBC, Voice of the Community Kauda,

SRS, Miraya FM, Radio Omdurman


Programming

1. Which topics of importance are of importance to you?

a. All respondents saying topic is very important

b. What percent of men women said the topics were very important?

Male Female

Local News 75.68% 75.93%

International News 81.08% 83.33%

Politics 78.08% 75.00%

Education 87.84% 88.89%

Women 70.27% 79.63%

Agriculture/Income 87.67% 81.13%

Health/Hygiene 86.49% 87.04%

Religion/faith 72.97% 79.63%

Youth 79.73% 74.07%


Sports 79.73% 75.93%

Arts/Culture 80.82% 79.63%

Economy 76.71% 70.37%

Entertainment 68.06% 53.70%

2. What kind of information would you like to know about that is not currently available to

you?

Write in answers, grouped by similarities.


What percent of men and female listed this topic as the kind of information that they would like

to know amount?

Male Female

Agricultural information 9.46% 9.43%

Information on Culture and Tradition 12.16%

Information on Culture and Tradition 6.76% 15.09%

Information on Health Matters 1.35% 7.55%

Environmental information and Weather forecasting 10.81% 11.32%

Information on peace and crisis programs 4.05% 5.66%

Information on Religion 1.35% 1.89%

Information on Sports & Games 32.43% 28.30%

Information on Politics 20.27% 9.43%

Information about Funeral 2.70% 3.77%

Information about family and community issues 9.46% 7.55%

Information on geographical matters 13.51% 15.09%

Economic and Trade Information 13.51% 13.21%

Information on Nuclear Blast 1.35%

Information on News 5.48% 9.43%

Information on Music 2.74%

Others 4.11% 3.77%

Examples of Answers given:

• Delivering magazines daily for reading, Information about earthquake, Information about urban

& rural life

• Educating people disadvantages of cutting down trees, HIV/AIDS Awareness

• Arts/ Culture News Information, Politics News/Information, Religion News/Informations

• History of Old Sudan

• Funeral Information,Sports & Games

• Husband and wife relationship

• I want to know how people intract in the past, also to know illeterate in the past, know how

sports were played long time ago

• Information import and export of goods, information on life on planet, product poisonous

• Information about a new discovered planet, Information about UAE expansion market,

Information about trade between neighbouring state

• Information about Earthquake/Flood, Information on wildlife protection

• Information about economy and manage control, companies product turned, death and life

rate, poisonous


• Information about heavy rains, chemical improvement, Information on currencies exchange of

money

• Information about scientist discover, Informations about lanslide/ collapse of building,

Informations on forestry conservation

• Information about sports, Entertainment, Agricultural production

• Information about Traditional culture, About military issues

• Information about useful products, Information about collapse of bridge, Information about

scientific discovery planets

• Information about weather forecasting, Information about nuclear bomblast, information about

dead life state

• Information about young childrens, Sports

• Information concern invention of technology, Information about wars, Information about

weather forecasting

• Information like sports, information like life on aboradside, informaion like technology

• Information on accusation of bankrupts, Information about kidnap, Information concern

international trade

• Information on global prayers, information on worship, information about human right

• Information on life on planet moon, Inforfmation about leaders meeting, Information on

economy growing

• Information on life on planet moon,Information about curlise society, information about

scientific discover diseases

• Information on life on planet, Information about economy issues, Informaiton on Technology

invention

• Information on Nuclear weapon, Information about urban-rural migration, information about

virus on computer

• Traditional dancing, Old stories to be narratives

• Weather forecasting daily, Cellebration of child day

• Wildlife conservation in their natural place, Old radio stores books , Economic issues

• women Programmes in Tira Language

• Wrestling Programmes


Specific Programming

1. Please name your favorite programs on Voice of Community of Kauda.


a. Answers broken down by percentages, of those who answered above

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45 45+

Terbia A (Education) 12.50% 28.91% 33.59% 16.41% 8.59%

Terbia B (Education) 8.57% 32.38% 33.33% 16.19% 9.52%

Morning Show 8.89% 25.56% 40.00% 14.44% 11.11%

Saha (Health Program) 9.92% 28.93% 34.71% 15.70% 10.74%

Civic Education 13.39% 31.25% 29.46% 15.18% 10.71%

Rai al Shaira (Public opinion) 11.46% 29.17% 30.21% 17.71% 11.46%

Al Souk (Market) 11.76% 27.06% 36.47% 12.94% 11.76%

Mardarssna (Education) 10.00% 30.00% 32.50% 17.50% 10.00%

Barnamic Al Mara (Women) 10.62% 29.20% 34.51% 14.16% 11.50%

Barnamic Al Shabaab (youth) 11.48% 31.15% 32.79% 15.57% 9.02%

News 12.50% 28.85% 31.73% 16.35% 10.58%

Music 9.68% 31.45% 32.26% 17.74% 8.87%

Evening Show 8.79% 30.77% 32.97% 14.29% 13.19%

Karkur (Culture) 7.37% 31.58% 35.79% 18.95% 6.32%

Barnamic al Diini (Religion) 10.62% 28.32% 31.86% 18.58% 10.62%

Barnamic al Atsal (Children) 12.17% 29.57% 33.04% 16.52% 8.70%


2. Please name your favorite presenters on Voice of Community of Kauda?

Write in answers.

Presenters # of people saying favorite

Nasreldin 77

Ahmed Kuwa 96

Walid 103

Musa 128

3. Which of these programs on Voice of Community Kauda is useful to you?

Al Souk (Market) 60.1

Morning Show 62.8

Evening Show 63.5

Karkur (culture) 67.6

Rai al Shaira (Public Opinion) 67.8

News 73.5

Terbia B (Education) 74.1

Civic Education 77.3

Barnamic Al Mara (Women) 78

Barnamic al Atsal (Children) 79.9

Barnamic al Dini (Religion) 80.1

Barnamic AlShabaab (Youth) 83.3

Saha (Health Program) 83.9

Music 85.9


Madarssna (Education) 86.1

Terbia A (Education) 88

4. Which of these presenters do you listen to on Voice of Community Kauda?

Always Sometimes Never

Walid Ali Akbar 49.7 29.9 19.7

Musa John Atebera 52.3 41.6 6.0

Nasreldin Ali Akbar 42.9 49.7 6.8

Ahmed Kuwa Abdurrahman 38.3 47.5 14.2

Tarig Andugul 52.4 34.7 12.9

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45 45+

Always

Walid Ali Akbar 4.23% 25.35% 40.85% 19.72% 9.86%

Musa John Atebera 10.53% 26.32% 32.89% 15.79% 14.47%

Nasreldin Ali Akbar 5.00% 28.33% 41.67% 16.67% 8.33%

Ahmed Kuwa Abdurrahman 15.38% 21.15% 32.69% 21.15% 9.62%

Tarig Andugul 6.58% 25.00% 39.47% 18.42% 10.53%

Never

Walid Ali Akbar 17.86% 28.57% 17.86% 21.43% 14.29%

Musa John Atebera 22.22% 22.22% 44.44% 11.11%

Nasreldin Ali Akbar 33.33% 33.33% 11.11% 22.22%

Ahmed Kuwa Abdurrahman 25.00% 25.00% 15.00% 25.00% 10.00%

Tarig Andugul 36.84% 36.84% 5.26% 21.05%


Interaction

1. Please indicate how often do you interact with Voice of Community Kauda

a. Listen

Never 18.7%

About once a month 38.7%

Several times a month 10.7%

About once a week 8.0%

Several times a week 14.7%

More often 8.0%

b. Phone-in

Never 55.7%





More often 4.7%

c. SMS

Never 57.4%





More often 3.4%

d. Write

Never 50.3%





More often 3.4%


e. Visit

Never 43.2%





More often 6.1%

f. Make a program

Never 58.1%





More often 2.7%

g. Volunteer

Never 61.6%





More often 4.1%

h. Guest on Air

Never 60.8%





More often 6.8%

i. Interviewed

Never 60.8%






More often 6.8%

j. Attended event

Never 43.2%





More often 4.1%

2. What would make you more likely to interact with your community radio station?


Mobile Phone

1. Do you own a mobile phone?

2. Do you ever use your mobile phone to SMS people?


3. Have you ever sent an SMS to a radio station?

4. Would you consider sending SMS to a radio station?

5. Do you ever access information on your mobile phone?


6. If information were available to you by mobile phone, would that be useful to you?

7. If yes, what kind of information?


1. Radio is an essential source of information in my community.

Strongly agree 79.2%

Agree 18.8%

Neither agree or disagree 1.3%

Disagree 0.7%

2. Radio has improved my access to information


Agree 27.7%


Disagree 2.0%


Don’t know 0.7%


3. The radio station has helped me to more tolerant of cultural differences


Agree 21.5%


Disagree 2.7%


Don’t know 1.3%

Total 100.0%

4. My attitude/behavior towards women and girls is different because of information I hear on

the radio.


Agree 34.7%


Disagree 4.1%

Don’t know 1.4%

Total 100.0%

5. People in my community are more respectful of each other as a result of information heard

on the radio.


Agree 33.3%


Disagree 4.0%


Don’t know 2.0%

Total 100.0%

6. Radio has given a better understanding of the events beyond my community.


Agree 22.7%


Disagree 1.3%


Don’t know 1.3%


7. As a result of information I hear on the radio, I am better able to make decisions to protect

my health and that of my family.


Agree 27.3%


Disagree 1.3%


Don’t know 3.3%

Total 100.0%

8. The radio station in my community is a credible source of information.


Agree 16.1%


Disagree 2.7%

Total 100.0%

9. The radio station in my community provides a platform for interaction.


Agree 21.3%


Disagree 2.0%


10. As citizens, we should be active in our community.


Agree 31.8%


Disagree 2.7%


Don’t know 0.7%

Total 100.0%


11. Information is essential to a peaceful and democratic society.


Agree 30.7%


Disagree 4.0%

Don’t know 1.3%

Total 100.0%

Democracy

1. Participation is essential to a peaceful and democratic society.


Agree 25.3%


Disagree 1.3%


Don’t know 1.3%

Total 100.0%



Agree 20.0%


Disagree 3.3%


Don’t know 0.7%


3. Radio has increased my understanding of political processes (CPAs, referendum)


Agree 19.5%


Disagree 1.3%


Don’t know 0.7%

Total 100.0%

4. The political leadership in my community is visible and interacts with communities,


Agree 36.5%


Disagree 0.7%


Don’t know 1.4%

Total 100.0%

5. As citizens, we should be active in questioning the actions of our leaders.


Agree 15.5%



Don’t know 1.4%

Total 100.0%


Emergency Radio

1. In times of crisis, radio is a critical source of information.

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45% 45+%

Strongly Agree 10.81% 31.53% 27.93% 19.82% 9.91%

Agree 6.90% 20.69% 48.28% 10.34% 13.79%

Neither 100.00%

Disagree 100.00%


Don’t Know 100.00%

2. In the event of crisis, I would turn to the radio for information.


Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45% 45+%

Strongly Agree 13.54% 29.17% 33.33% 12.50% 11.46%

Agree 7.50% 27.50% 25.00% 30.00% 10.00%

Neither 50.00% 50.00%

Disagree 50.00% 50.00%


Don’t Know 25.00% 50.00% 25.00%

3. In a crisis, I would want the radio to stay on air with information.

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45% 45+%

Strongly Agree 10.75% 30.11% 32.26% 21.51% 5.38%

Agree 5.56% 36.11% 25.00% 8.33% 25.00%

Neither 16.67% 33.33% 33.33% 16.67%

Disagree 66.67% 33.33%


Don’t Know 33.33% 66.67%


4. In times of crisis, which would you turn to for information?

Under 16 16-25 26-35 36-45% 45+%

Strongly Agree 14.89% 27.66% 31.91% 19.15% 6.38%

Agree 50.00% 50.00%

Neither 50.00% 50.00%

Disagree 75.00% 25.00%

Strongly disagree 50.00% 50.00%

Don’t Know 100.00%


Elections

1. During the Popular Consultation, which topics are of importance to you? Please rank them

by the order of priority.

% Respondents saying topic is very important during Popular Consultation

a. Where to register

Very important 96.6

Important 2.7

Not important .7

Total 100.0


b. Where to vote

Very important 95.9

Important 4.1

Total 100.0

c. Results in my community

Very important 95.3

Important 2.7

Little important 1.4

Total 100.0

d. Results in my other communities

Very important 82.3

Important 14.3


Not important .7

Total 100.0

e. North/south relations

Very important 65.5

Important 18.2


Not important 3.4

Total 100.0

f. Political speeches

Very important 75.0

Important 21.6


Not important .7

g. Political analysis

Very Important 80.5

Important 16.8



Not important .7

Total 100.0

h. Conflict

Very important 52.1

Important 20.8


Not important 21.5

Total 100.0

i. Movement of people

Very important 69.7

Important 21.4


Not important 3.4

Total 100.0

j. Local news

Very Important 75.0

Important 13.5


Not important 2.0

Total 100.0

k. Popular consultation

Very important 91.1

Important 7.5

Little important .7

Not important .7

Total 100.0


l. International news

Very important 75.0

Important 18.9


Not important 1.4

Total 100.0

m. Non-referendum programming

Very important 34.7

Important 21.3


Not important 10.0

n. Music

Very important 49.3

Important 25.7


Not important 6.8

Total 100.0


1. Use of Radio as info source vs. radio is the most trusted source of info

Radio is most trusted source

Does not Use Radio as info source 66.67%

Uses Radio as info source 87.59%


Very important

Important

Does not Use Radio as info source 66.67% 33.33%

Uses Radio as info source 94.41% 5.59%



Male Female


Owns Radio 61.32% 37.74%

Turn radio myself 61.90% 36.51%

Spouse - -

Child 100.00%

Parent 63.64% 36.36%

Brother/Sister 66.67% 33.33%

Other 50.00% 50.00%





Agree 19.72%

Neither 0.70%

Disagree 0.70%

b. Radio has helped me be more tolerant of cultural differences vs using radio as info source


Agree 22.54%

Neither 3.52%

Disagree 2.82%


Don’t Know 1.41%




Agree 34.27%

Neither 5.59%

Disagree 4.20%


Don’t Know 2.10%




Agree 28.67%

Neither 2.10%

Disagree 4.20%

Strongly disagree

Don’t Know 1.40%




Agree 19.72%

Neither 0.70%

Disagree 1.41%


Don’t Know 0.70%

f. As citizens, we should be active in questioning the actions of our leaders.


Agree 15.60%

Neither 1.42%

Disagree


Don’t Know 1.42%


5. Opinion on civil society and emergency vs. importance of Voice of Community Kauda


percentage from those who said Radio of Voice of Community is very important)


Agree 17.69%

Neither 0.77%

Disagree 0.77%


Don’t Know 0.77%


percentage from those who said Radio of Voice of Community Kauda is very important)


Agree 24.62%

Neither 0.77%

Disagree 1.54%


Don’t Know 2.31%



who said Radio of Voice of Community Kauda is very important)


Agree 11.63%

Neither 1.55%

Disagree 3.10%


opinion showing the percentage from those who said Radio of Voice of Community is very

important)


Agree 19.23%

Neither 0.77%

Disagree 1.54%


Don’t Know 1.54%


e. Radio has given a better understanding of events beyond my community.


Agree 26.92%

Neither 3.85%

Disagree 1.54%


Don’t Know 3.08%


APPENDIX III CMayardit FM

Internews Radio in Southern Sudan and the Three AreasImpact Assessment ReportMayardit FM Turalei, Warrap StateFebruary 2011

Demographics of Sample

1. Age

Under 16 3.3%

16-25 29.3%

26-35 38.0%

36-45 18.7%

45+ 10.7%

2. Gender

Male 65.4%

Female 34.6%

3. Education

No Schooling/illiterate 28.5%

No schooling/literate 13.2%

Some primary 14.6%

Primary complete 8.6%

Some secondary 14.6%

Secondary, complete 15.9%

In college/university 2.6%

Completed college 2.0%



TV 0.67%

Radio 86.58%

Cell Phone 60.93%

Computer 5.44%



Radio 78.52%

TV 11.41%

Newspapers/magazines 15.44%

Word of mouth 46.31%

Internet 12.75%

Mobile Phone 8.72%

Church/Mosque 28.86%

Police 4.03%

Billboards/posters 8.05%

Community events 22.15%


Radio 62.3%

TV 2.0%


Word of mouth 23.8%

Church/mosque 3.3%



Very important 80.0%

Important 14.7%

A little important 4.0%

Not important 1.3%



No problem 85.3%

No money 6.7%

No time 0.7%

Not available 7.3%

Radio Access Usage


Yes 14.7%

No 85.3%


Daily 86.2%

Weekly 6.5%

Monthly 0.7%

Less than once a month 0.7%

Never 5.8%


Home 88.64%

Work 31.06%

At friends/family 17.42%

collective places 9.85%

NGO 0.76%

At school 1.52%

In the fields 1.52%

Everywhere 6.06%



Alone 9.1%

Family 83.3%

Friends 39.4%

Colleagues 28.0%

Anyone 18.2%


Myself 87.1%

Spouse 10.6%

Child 0%

Parent 0.8%

Brother/sister 0.8%

Other 0.8%


No one 73.5%

1 to 5 12.1%

5 to 10 4.5%

10 + 9.8%


No access to a radio 39.34%

No interest 9.84%

No coverage 1.64%

other 46.43%


Morning 82.44%

Afternoon 3.82%

Evening 51.15%

Night 33.59%

All day 16.03%



Morning 65.38%

Afternoon 1.54%

Evening 65.38%

Night 49.23%

All day 0.00%


BBC 38.46%

Mayardit FM 100.00%

SRS 22.31%

Miraya FM 19.23%

Radio Omdurman 30.77%

11. How important to you as an information source are BBC, Mayardit FM, SRS, Miraya FM,

Radio Omdurman

Very important Important A little important Not important

BBC 42.15% 9.92% 23.97% 21.49%

Mayardit FM 90.70% 6.20% 0.00% 3.10%

SRS

Miraya FM

Radio Omdurman 19.83% 18.18% 21.49% 40.50%


Programming


a. % of All respondents saying topic is very important

Local News 84.73%

International News 51.91%

Politics 46.15%

Education 70.77%

Women 56.49%

Agriculture/income generation 75.19%

Health/hygiene 88.55%

Religion/faith 75.19%

Youth 70.23%

Sports 68.99%

Arts/Culture 75.00%

Economy 70.08%

Entertainment 65.12%


Male Female

Local News 82.9% 84.6%

International News 52.6% 46.2%

Politics 46.7% 46.2%

Education 73.3% 66.7%

Women 57.1% 59.0%

Agriculture/income generation 76.6% 73.0%

Health/hygiene 88.3% 89.7%


Youth 75.3% 69.2%

Sports 72.4% 63.2%


Economy 75.7% 65.8%




1. Which of these programs on Mayardit FM is useful to you?

Terbia A (Education) 46.2%

Terbia B (Education) 36.7%

Terbia C (Education) 41.4%

Ciwebak! (Good Morning) 72.3%

Morning Talkshow 51.2%

Puuor ee piir piath (Agriculture) 70.0%

Pial Guop (Health) 93.1%

Chachol Warrap (Good Afternoon Warrap) 41.6%

Sports News 60.3%

Piooc ee baae (Education) 78.5%

Let’s Talk (Dinka) 65.9%

Let’s Talk (Arabic) 65.9%

News 65.4%

Music 75.6%

Cien Monjang (Culture) 86.7%

Akut Thueec Itueg ku dhor (Sports) 58.1%

Terbia A (Education) 47.3%

Terbia B (Education) 85.5%

Terbia C (Education) 63.4%

Ciwebak! (Good Morning) 75.6%


2. Which of these presenters do you listen to on Mayardit FM?


Deng Bol David 50.8% 47.6% 1.6%

John Thuc Madut 42.0% 54.6% 3.4%

Christine Akuol 44.3% 51.5% 3.1%

Monica Nyayai 34.3% 58.8% 5.9%


Interaction

1. Please indicate how often do you interact with community radio Mayardit FM

a. Listen

Never 4.7%





More often 11.6%

b. Phone-in

Never 52.0%





More often 1.6%

c. SMS

Never 84.1%





d. Write

Never 85.0%






e. Visit

Never 72.2%





More often 0.8%

f. Make a program

Never 82.7%





g. Volunteer

Never 89.6%




More often 1.6%

h. Guest on Air

Never 74.8%





More often 0.8%


i. Interviewed

Never 73.0%





j. Attended event

Never 65.4%





Mobile Phone


Yes 21.1%

No 78.9%


Yes 65.6%

No 33.6%


Never 66.4%





More often 8.4%



Yes 48.4%

No 51.6%


Never 58.2%





More often 5.7%


Never 35.6%








Agree 13.8%

Neither 0.8%



Agree 31.3%

Neither 0.8%




Agree 23.3%

Neither 2.3%

Disagree 1.6%


the radio.


Agree 41.1%

Disagree 7.0%

Disagree strongly 1.6%

Don’t know 0.8%


on the radio.


Agree 23.4%

Neither 0.8%

Disagree 4.7%


6. Radio has given a better understanding of daily life in my community


Agree 23.1%




Agree 23.1%






Agree 31.0%

Don’t know 0.8%



Agree 29.5%

Neither 1.6%


Agree very strongly 64.3%

Agree 30.2%

Neither 3.1%

Disagree 0.8%

Don’t know 1.6%


Agree very strongly 73.1%

Agree 25.4%

Disagree 1.5%

Democracy



Agree 17.1%

Neither 0.8%

Don’t know 0.8%




Agree 18.6%

Neither 0.8%

Don’t know 0.8%



Agree 29.5%



Agree 41.4%

Neither 3.1%

Don’t know 0.8%



Agree 32.0%

Neither 0.8%

Emergency Radio



Agree 10.9%

Neither 1.6%



Agree 25.0%




Agree 28.3%

Neither 0.8%

Disagree 0.8%


Radio 84.92%

TV 13.49%

Newspapers & Magazines 15.08%

Word of Mouth 33.33%

Internet 7.14%

Mobile Phone 1.59%

Church/Mosque 15.08%

Police 14.29%


Community Events 14.29%

Elections

1. During the referendum period, which topics are of importance to you? Please rank them by

the order of priority.

% Respondents saying topic is very important during Referenedum period



Important 5.4%


b. Where to vote


Important 22.5%




Important 10.1%



Important 31.8%


Not important 0.8%



Important 25.8%


Not important 2.3%



Important 25.8%


Not important 8.6%



Important 24.6%


Not important 0.8%

h. Conflict


Important 15.0%


Not important 36.2%




Important 8.1%


Not important 14.5%

j. Local news




Important 25.6%




Important 20.9%


Not important 18.6%

n. Music


Important 31.0%


Not important 9.3%



Radio most trusted source

Do not use radio as info source 6.25%

Use radio as info source 77.78%



Very important Important A little Important Not important

Do not use radio as info source 28.13% 50.00% 15.63% 6.25%

Use radio as info source 94.83% 4.31% 0.86% 0.00%


Male Female

Owns Radio 15.12% 15.22%


Myself 84.21% 89.74%

Child 13.16% 5.13%

Spouse 1.32% 0.00%

Parent 0.00% 2.56%

Other 0.00% 2.56%





Agree 14.29%

Neither -



Agree 26.13%

Neither 1.80%

Disagree 1.80%





Agree 21.62%

Neither 0.90%

Disagree 5.41%




Agree 19.64%

Disagree 0.89%




Agree 19.64%



Agree 23.42%

Neither 0.90%

5. Opinion on civil society and emergency vs. importance of Mayardit FM


percentage from those who said Mayardit FM is very important)

Very important Important Not important

Strongly Agree 91.82% 4.55% 3.64%

Agree 76.92% 23.08%

Neither 100.00%



percentage from those who said Mayardit FM is very important)

Very important Important Not imporant

Strongly Agree 90.43% 5.32% 4.26%

Agree 90.00% 10.00%



who said Mayardit FM is very important)


Strongly Agree 92.94% 3.53% 3.53%

Agree 85.00% 12.50% 2.50%

Don’ Know 100.00%


opinion showing the percentage from those who said Mayardit FM is very important)


Strongly Agree 89.29% 5.95% 4.76%

Agree 95.00% 5.00%

Disagree 100.00%

e. Radio has given a better understanding of events beyond my community vs. (for each opinion

showing the percentage from those who said Mayardit FM is very important)


Strongly Agree 92.78% 4.12% 3.09%

Agree 82.76% 13.79% 3.45%

f. Radio has increased my understanding of political processes (CPA, ref) (for each opinion

showing the percentage from those who said Mayardit FM is very important)


Strongly Agree 91.11% 5.56% 3.33%

Agree 88.89% 8.33% 2.78%


APPENDIX III DNhomlaau FM

Internews Radio in Southern Sudan and the Three AreasImpact Assessment ReportNhomlaau FM Malualkon, Northern Bahr el Ghazal February 2011


1. Age

Under 16 7.4%

16-25 34.2%

26-35 34.9%

36-45 17.4%

45+ 6.0%

2. Gender

Male 58.6%

Female 41.4%

3. Education

No Schooling illiterate 41.1%

No schooling, literate 2.1%

Some primary 24.7%

Primary, complete 9.6%

Some secondary 9.6%



completed college/university 1.4%



TV 14.7%

Radio 68.5%

Cell Phone 57.4%

Computer 13.8%


Shop/business 20.1%

Farmer/pastoralist 24.6%

Labor 1.5%

Teacher 0.7%

Housewife 14.9%

None 25.4%



Radio 68.0%

TV 15.3%


Word of Mouth 93.3%

Internet 6.0%

Mobile Phone 46.0%

Church/mosque 78.0%

Police 17.3%



Other 0.7%



Radio 59.7%


Word of mouth 30.9%

Internet 0.7%

Mobile Phone 2.7%

Church/mosque 2.0%




Important 6.0%



No problem 71.0%

No money 20.0%

No time 2.1%

Radio Access Usage


Yes 33.8%

No 66.2%


Daily 79.8%

Weekly 7.0%

Monthly 1.8%

Less than a month 3.5%

Never 7.9%



Home 91.3%

Work 7.8%

At Friend’s or family’s place 8.7%

Collective places 1.0%

NGO 0.0%

At school 1.9%

In the fields 2.0%

Everywhere 1.0%


Alone 15.7%

Family 76.5%

Friends 17.6%

Colleagues 2.9%

Anyone 6.9%


Myself 86.4%

Spouse 1.0%

Child 8.7%

Parent 7.8%

Brother/sister 14.7%

Other 1.0%


No one 53.0%

1 to 5 29.0%

5 to 10 10.0%

More than 10 8.0%



Morning 84.6%

Afternoon 24.0%

Evening 38.5%

Night 64.4%

All day 7.7%


Morning 63.5%

Afternoon 14.4%

Evening 27.9%

Night 56.7%

All day 7.7%


NhomlaauFM 92.3%

MerbeiFM 7.7%

MirayaFM 85.6%

SRS 18.3%

BBC 51.0%

Omdurman 24.0%

BentinFM 2.9%

Dabanga 1.0%

WeerbaiFM 22.1%

MaryarditFM 8.7%

LeerFM 1.9%

RubekFM 2.9%


10. How important to you as an information source are BBC, Nhomlaau, SRS, Miraya FM, Radio

Omdurman

BBC 46.5%

Nhomlaau FM 84.2%

SRS 25.7%

Miraya 61.4%


Programming


a. % of All respondents saying topic is very important

Local news (community) 96.7%

International news 72.2%

Politics 46.5%

Education 82.6%

Women 70.9%

Agriculture/Income generation 54.7%

Health/ Hygiene 96.7%

Religion/Faith 87.8%

Youth 75.6%

Sports 74.4%

Economy 57.1%

Entertainment 85.4%



Male Female

Local news (community) 1.0% 1.0%

International news 0.8% 0.5%

Politics 0.5% 0.3%

Education 0.8% 0.7%

Women 0.7% 0.8%

Agriculture/Income generation 0.5% 0.6%

Health/ Hygiene 1.0% 1.0%

Religion/Faith 0.9% 0.8%

Youth 0.9% 0.5%

Sports 0.8% 0.5%

Arts/ Culture 0.6% 0.4%

Economy 0.9% 0.8%

2. What kind of information would you like to know about that is not currently available to

you?


Agricultural information 22.4%

Information on History of Sudan 10.6%

Information on Culture and Tradition 17.6%

Information on Health Matters 10.6%

Information on Environmental Information and Weather Forecasting 5.9%

Information on Peace and Crises programs 11.8%

Information on Religion 8.2%

Information on Sports & Games 3.5%

Information on politics 23.5%

Information about Funeral 28.2%



1. Which of these programs on Nhomlaau FM is useful to you?

a. % of all saying program is very useful?

Terbia Market (Education) 75.9%

Education 82.6%

Health 91.1%


Let’s Talk (Democracy and Governance) 79.8%

Culture 73.3%

Women’s Issues 84.1%

Youth 80.2%

Agriculture 63.1%

Business and Economy 68.6%

2. Which of these presenters do you listen to on Nhomlaau FM?

Chris Marol Maker 70.0% 28.9% 1.1%

James Keer Noon 72.2% 26.7% 0%

Gabriel Deng Majok 71.6% 27.3% 1.1%

Hou Akot Hou 68.2% 27.3% 2.3%

Angelina Achol Piol 67.4% 27.0% 4.5%

Interaction

1. Please indicate how often do you interact with Nhomlaau FM?

a. Listen

Never 3.2%





More often 24.7%


b. Phone-in

Never 65.9%





c. SMS

Never 89.0%





d. Write

Never 83.5%





e. Visit

Never 72.8%





f. Make a program

Never 94.6%





g. Volunteer

Never 94.5%




h. Guest on Air

Never 94.5%




i. Interviewed

Never 95.7%



j. Attended event

Never 92.2%




Mobile Phone


Yes 80.0%

No 20.0%



Never 68.2%





More often 5.7%


Yes 19.8%

No 79.1%


Yes 33.3%

No 66.7%


Never 66.7%





More often 5.6%


Very useful 72.2%

Useful 4.4%

Somewhat useful 2.2%

Not useful 1.1%

Don’t know 20.0%





Agree 10.8%

Don’t Know 1.1%



Agree 10.9%



Agree 17.4%

Don’t Know 1.1%


the radio.


Agree 19.4%

Neither 1.1%

Disagree 1.1%

Don’t know 1.1%


on the radio.


Agree 13.2%

Neither 1.1%

Disagree 1.1%

Don’t know 8.8%


6. Radio has given a better understanding of the daily life in my community.


Agree 12.9%

Don’t Know 1.1%

7. Radio has given a better understanding life beyond my community.


Agree 18.3%




Agree 8.6%

Neither 1.1%



Agree 13.0%

Don’t Know 6.5%



Agree 20.9%

Disagree 1.1%

Don’t Know 3.3%



Agree 9.9%

Democracy



Agree 9.7%




Agree 12.9%



Agree 10.8%



Agree 11.8%

Disagree 1.1%

Strongly Disagree 2.2%

Don’t Know 6.5%



Agree 7.5%

Don’t Know 2.2%

Emergency Radio



Agree 7.7%



Agree 10.0%




Agree 7.8%


Radio 97.8%

TV 77.2%

Newspapers and magazines 18.5%

Word of mouth 4.3%

Internet 46.7%

Mobile phone 59.8%

Church/mosque 16.3%

Police 1.1%



Elections



% Respondents saying topic is very important during Referendum period



Important 3.2%

b. Where to vote


Important 3.2%



Important 4.4%




Important 17.2%




Important 17.0%





Important 27.6%


h. Conflict


Important 23.5%





Important 25.3%



j. Local news


Important 4.3%




Important 31.4%




Important 13.6%





Important 12.2%



n. Music


Important 8.8%




Radio is most trusted sourced

Does not use Radio as info source 4.49%



Very important

Important A little important

Not important at all

Does not use Radio as info source 27.0% 88.9% 100.0% 100.0%

Uses Radio as info source 73.0% 11.1% 0% 0.0%



Male Female

Owns Radio 32.1% 48.3%

Does Not own radio 67.9% 51.7%

Myself 85.0% 66.7%

Spouse 0% 0%

Child 0% 3.7%

Parent 0% 3.7%

Brother/sister 1.7% 7.4%

other 0% 0.0%







Agree 25.0% 10.1%

Don’t Know 0.0% 1.1%

b. Radio has improved my access to information.




Agree 25.0% 10.2%

c. Radio has helped me be more tolerant of cultural differences vs. using radio as info source




Agree 25.0% 17.0%

Don’t Know 1.1%


d. My attitude/behavior towards women and girls is different because of information I hear on the

radio.




Agree 25.0% 19.1%

Neither 1.1%

Disagree 1.1%

Don’t Know 1.1%

e. People in my community are more respectful of each other as a result of information heard on





Agree 25.0% 12.6%

Neither 1.1%

Disagree 1.1%

Don’t Know 9.2%

f. As citizens we should be active in community vs. use of radio as info source




Agree 25.0% 9.2%

g. Radio has increased my understanding of political processes (CPA, referendum) vs. use of





Agree 25.0% 10.1%


h. As citizens, we should be active in questioning the actions of our leaders.




Agree 25.0% 6.7%

Don’t Know 2.2%

5. Opinion on civil society and emergency vs. importance of Nhomlaau FM


percentage from those who said Nhomlaau FM is very important)

Nhomlaau FM is very important


Agree 8.3%

Neither 0.0%

Disagree 0.0%


Don’t Know 0.0%


percentage from those who said Nhomlaau FM is very important)



Agree 10.8%

Neither 0.0%

Disagree 0.0%


Don’t Know 0.0%




who said Nhomlaau FM is very important)



Agree 9.3%

Neither 1.2%

Disagree 0.0%


Don’t Know 0.0%


opinion showing the percentage from those who said Nhomlaau FM is very important)



Agree 12.8%

Neither 0.0%

Disagree 0.0%


Don’t Know 0.0%

e. Radio has given a better understanding of events beyond my community (for each opinion

showing the percentage from those who said Nhomlaau FM is very important)



Agree 18.6%

Neither 0.0%

Disagree 0.0%


Don’t Know 0.0%


APPENDIX III ELeer, Unity State

Internews Radio in Southern Sudan and the Three AreasImpact Assessment ReportNaath FMLeer, Unity StateFebruary 2011


1. Age

2. Gender

3. Language


4. Education

No Schooling, illiterate 45.3%


Some primary 8.7%

primary, complete 14.0%

some secondary 8.0%

secondary, complete 13.3%

in college, university 2.7%


5. Do you own a TV/radio/cell phone/computer?


Shop/business 13.9%

Farmer/pastoralist 34.0%

Labor 0.7%

Teacher 15.3%

Housewife 10.4%

None 22.2%

other 2.8%




% of all male and females saying they use the following as info sources

Male Female

Radio 78.6% 63.8%

TV 2.4% 1.7%

Newspapers and magazines 7.1% 3.4%

Word of mouth 61.9% 63.8%

Internet 7.1% 1.7%

Mobile phone 36.9% 15.5%

Church/mosque 61.9% 65.5%

Police 0.0% 0.0%

Billboards/posters 13.1% 10.3%

Community events 31.0% 29.3%



Radio 70.5%

TV 0.7%

Word of Mouth 4.7%

Internet 2.7%

Mobile Phone 1.3%

Church/mosque 13.4%



% of all male and females saying the following are most trusted info sources

Male Female

Radio 78.3% 59.6%

Word of mouth 3.6% 7.0%

Church/mosque 7.2% 21.1%

Community events 6.0% 7.0%


% of all male and females describing the importance of access to info/media to their lives

Male Female


Important 11.9% 13.8%

A little important 4.8% 10.3%

Not at all important 2.4% 1.7%


No Problem 58.0%

No money 19.3%

No time 4.7%

No interest 1.3%

Not available 9.3%

Not allowed 7.3%


Radio Access Usage




Home 65.3%

Work 19.8%


Collective places 14.9%

NGO 3.3%

At school 9.9%

In the fields 2.5%

Everywhere 11.6%



Alone 0.8%

Family 66.4%

Friends 39.3%

Colleagues 23.0%

Anyone 23.0%


Myself 60.0%

Child 12.5%

Brother/sister 9.2%

Spouse 2.5%

Parent 9.2%

Other 26.1%


No one 19.7%

1 to 5 9.8%

5 to 10 10.7%

More than 10 59.0%


No access to a Radio 66.7%

No interest 7.6%

No coverage 25.7%

Other 15.5%


Morning 36.1%

Afternoon 27.7%

Evening 33.6%

Night 17.6%

All day 51.3%



Morning 33.6%

Afternoon 10.1%

Evening 62.2%

Night 20.2%

All day 21.8%


BBC 34.5%

Naath FM 98.3%

SRS 31.1%

Miraya FM 17.6%


11. How important to you as an information source are BBC, Naath FM, SRS, Miraya FM, Radio

Omdurma

Very important Important A little important Not important

BBC 22.7% 11.8% 20.2% 43.7%

Naath FM 88.5% 6.6% 4.9%

SRS 8.5% 20.5% 24.8% 46.2%

Miraya FM 1.8% 9.8% 31.3% 57.1%

Radio Omdurman 3.6% 8.0% 27.7% 60.7%


Programming


a. All respondents saying topic is very important

Very important

Local News 91.8%


Politics 36.9%

Education 86.9%

Women 55.7%

Agriculture/income generation 71.3%

Health/hygiene 76.2%

Religion/faith 81.1%

Youth 54.9%

Sports 53.3%

Arts/Culture 85.1%

Economy 78.7%

Entertainment 84.2%


Very important

Male Female

Local News 93.2% 88.1%

International news 66.7% 52.4%

Politics 37.0% 28.6%

Education 89.0% 81.0%

Women 53.4% 64.3%

Agriculture/income generation 76.7% 69.0%

Health/hygiene 78.1% 78.6%


Youth 56.2% 59.5%

Sports 50.7% 61.9%


Economy 80.8% 76.2%




1. Which of these programs on Naath FM is useful to you?

Very useful Somewhat useful Not useful Don’t listen

a Wake Up I can See you 50.4% 35.5% 7.4% 6.6%

b Community Announcements 89.9% 3.4% 1.7% 5.0%

c News (Nuer) 95.0% 1.7% 0.8% 2.5%

d Religious Program 84.2% 9.2% 2.5% 4.2%

e Let’s Talk 50.8% 33.3% 11.7% 4.2%

f Education Program 86.8% 5.8% 2.5% 5.0%

g News (English) 65.0% 15.0% 12.5% 7.5%

h Terbia Market 52.9% 23.1% 17.4% 6.6%

i Call-in programs 73.3% 20.8% 0.8% 5.0%

j Health (MSF Holland) 75.6% 16.0% 2.5% 5.9%

k Children (Save the Children UK) 52.9% 35.5% 5.8% 5.8%

l Animal Health (VSF Swiss) 70.2% 15.7% 8.3% 5.8%

2. Which of these presenters do you listen to on Naath FM?


a Rica Taker Machoak 81.8% 11.6% 4.1%

b Jacob Ruai Maluai 65.3% 28.9% 3.3%

c Luca Nhial Magock 52.9% 38.8% 5.8%

d John Gatluak Manguer 71.9% 19.8% 5.0%

e Deborah Nyauong Tap 33.1% 43.8% 11.6%

Interaction

1. Please indicate how often do you interact with Naath FM?

a. Listen

Never 10.7%





More often 27.3%


Listen

Male Female

Never 8.3% 16.7%

About once a month 12.5% 7.1%

Several times a month 6.9% 14.3%

About once a week 12.5% 4.8%

Several times a week 36.1% 31.0%

More often 23.6% 26.2%

b. Phone-in

Never 38.8%





More often 5.8%

Phone-in

Male Female

Never 33.3% 45.2%






c. SMS

Never 71.9%





More often 3.3%


SMS

Male Female

Never 72.2% 69.0%






d. Write

Never 72.7%





More often 2.5%

Write

Male Female

Never 66.7% 78.6%






e. Visit

Never 80.0%






Visit

Male Female

Never 76.1% 83.3%





f. Make a program

Never 68.3%





More often 2.5%

Make a program

Male Female

Never 52.8% 54.8%






g. Volunteer

Never 68.6%






volunteer

Male Female

Never 61.1% 65.9%


Several times a month 0% 2.4%



h. Guest on Air

Never 54.5%





More often 2.5%

Guest on Air

Male Female

Never 52.8% 54.8%






i. Interviewed

Never 63.3%






Interviewed

Male Female

Never 61.1% 65.9%





j. Attended event

Never 55.5%





More often 1.7%

Attended Event

Male Female

Never 54.9% 48.8%





More often 4.9%

Mobile Phone


Yes 60.3%

No 39.7%


Do you ever use your mobile phone to SMS people?

Never 71.6%





More often 2.6%


Yes 21.7%

No 78.3%


Yes 41.4%

No 56.0%

Do you ever access information on your mobile phone?

Never 80.0%





More often 1.7%

If information were available to you by mobile phone, would that be useful to you?

Never 24.2%









Agree 13.2%

Neither 0.8%

Don’t Know 4.1%



Agree 19.0%


Don’t Know 4.1%



Agree 20.2%

Neither 5.0%

Disagree 2.5%


Don’t Know 3.4%


the radio.


Agree 31.4%

Neither 3.3%

Disagree 3.3%


Don’t Know 5.8%



on the radio.


Agree 19.0%

Neither 2.5%

Disagree 9.1%


Don’t Know 5.0%



Agree 24.0%

Neither 1.7%

Disagree 0.8%


Don’t Know 3.3%




Agree 25.6%

Neither 2.5%

Disagree 5.8%


Don’t Know 3.3%



Agree 27.5%

Neither 0.8%

Disagree 0.8%


Don’t Know 3.3%




Agree 16.7%

Neither 5.0%

Disagree 7.5%


Don’t Know 6.7%



Agree 15.8%

Don’t Know 4.2%

Democracy





4. The political leadership in my community is visible and interacts with communities.



Emergency Radio




Elections



% Respondents saying topic is very important during Referendum period

Non-referendum programming 34.7%

Conflict 36.4%

North/South relations 44.6%

Political analysis 52.5%

Popular Consultation 55.0%

Political speeches 57.0%


Results in other communities 73.3%

Movement of people 75.2%

Music 83.2%

Local news 89.3%

Where to register 90.1%

Where to vote 90.1%

Results in my community 90.9%



Important 3.3%




b. Where to vote


Important 3.3%





Important 1.7%




Important 17.5%





Important 24.0%





Important 28.9%






Important 31.7%



h. Conflict


Important 26.4%





Important 14.9%



j. Local news


Important 5.8%





Important 27.5%





Important 30.6%






Important 39.7%



n. Music


Important 10.9%





Radio is most trusted source

Does not use Radio as info source 2.9%



Very important

Important A little important

Not important at all

Does not use Radio as info source 9.3% 85.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Uses Radio as info source 90.7% 15.0% 0.0% 0.0%



Male Female

Owns Radio 32.1% 48.3%

Does Not own radio 67.9% 51.7%

Myself 44.9% 41.0%

Spouse 1.4% 2.6%

Child 2.9%

Parent 1.4% 5.1%

Brother/sister 8.7% 7.7%

other 21.7% 25.6%


a. Radio is an essential source of information in my community vs. using radio as info source

(for each opinion what percent of those who use radio as info source are saying this)




Agree 14.3% 13.1%

Neither 0.9%

Don’t Know 35.7%





Agree 28.6% 19.0%

Neither 5.7%

Disagree 7.1% 1.9%

Strongly Disagree 7.1% 1.0%

Don’t Know 28.6%







Agree 21.4% 18.7%

Neither 7.1% 1.9%

Disagree 0% 10.3%

Strongly Disagree 0% 8.4%

Don’t Know 35.7% 0.9%





Agree 7.1% 17.0%

Don’t Know 35.7% 0%






Agree 0% 10.4%

Neither 7.1% 0%

Disagree 0% 3.8%

Strongly Disagree 0% 0.9%


f. As citizens, we should be active in questioning the actions of our leaders vs. use of radio as info

source




Agree 14.3% 4.7%

Strongly Disagree 14.3% 0%



g. Information is important is essential to a peaceful and democratic society vs. use of radio as

info source




Agree 28.6% 10.3%

Strongly Disagree 7.1% 0%


5. Opinion on civil society and emergency vs. importance of Naath FM


percentage from those who said Naath FM is very important)

Naath FM is very important


Agree 8.4%

Neither

Disagree 0.9%

Don’t Know 0.9%





Agree 10.3%

Don’t Know

c. In the event of a crisis I would want the radio to stay on Air, (for each opinion showing the




Agree 1.9%

Disagree 0.9%

Don’t Know


d. As a result of information I hear on the radio, I am better able to make decisions to protect my


who said Naath FM is very important)



Agree 25.2%

Neither 1.9%

Disagree 6.5%


Don’t Know

e. Radio has given me a better understanding of daily life in my community information (for each

opinion showing the percentage from those who said Naath FM is very important), radio has

given a better understanding of events beyond my community.



Agree 23.4%

Neither 0.9%

Disagree 0.9%


Don’t Know 0%

f. Radio has given me a better understanding of the events beyond my community. (for each

opinion showing the percentage from those who said Naath FM is very important)Radio has

given a better understanding of events beyond my community.



Agree 25.2%

Neither 1.9%


Don’t Know 0.9%


g. As a result of information I hear on the radio, I am better able to make decisions to protect my

health and that of my family (for each opinion showing the percentage from those who said

Naath FM is very important)Radio has given a better understanding of events beyond my

community.



Agree 25.2%

Neither 1.9%

Disagree 6.5%


Don’t Know


APPENDIX III FCross analysis (all stations)

Internews Radio in Southern Sudan and the Three AreasImpact Assessment ReportCross analysis (all stations)May 2011


1. Age

2. Gender


3. Education

No Schooling illiterate 25.0%


Some primary 18.4%

Primary, complete 11.6%

Some secondary 9.5%




Madrassa 2.3%



Radio 63.1%

TV 17.4%


Word of mouth 48.6%

Internet 10.7%

Mobile Phone 24.2%

Church/Mosque 48.3%

Police 8.8%




Radio 70.28%

TV 1.62%


Word of mouth 12.42%

Church/mosque 4.8%

Internet 1.08%





Important 13.68%


Not important 0.92%


No problem 64.2%

No money 21.4%

No time 5.3%

Not available 4.4%

No interest 0.5%

Not allowed 1.9%

Radio Access Usage


Daily 75.4%

Weekly 8.9%

Monthly 2.2%

Less than once a month 1.8%

Never 10.9%


Home 81.6%

Work 20.7%


collective places 9.6%

NGO 5.0%

At school 6.3%

In the fields 5.5%

Everywhere 6.9%



Alone 18.48%

Family 67.56%

Friends 27.36%

Colleagues 17.84%

Anyone 15.24%


Myself 77.7%

Spouse 8.74%

Child 4.64%

Parent 9.54%

Brother/sister 11.48%

Other 6.26%


Morning 65.1%

Afternoon 23.4%

Evening 34.9%

Night 29.3%

All day 22.9%


Morning 49.4%

Afternoon 8.2%

Evening 46.2%

Night 33.3%

All day 8.6%

7. How important to you as an information source are BBC, Internews Radio, SRS, Miraya FM,

and Radio Omdurman? % saying Radio station is very important

BBC 46.2%

Internews Radio 84.1%

SRS 36.6%

Miraya FM 39.7%



Programming

1. Which topics of importance are of importance to you, % respondents saying topic is very

important

Interaction

1. Please indicate how often do you interact with community radio

a. Listen

Never 21.8%





More often 14.7%

b. Phone-in

Never 27.8%





More often 13.8%


c. SMS

Never 74.8%





More often 1.7%

d. Write

Never 72.3%





More often 1.3%

e. Visit

Never 68.6%





More often 2.7%

f. Make a program

Never 75.3%





More often 1.3%

g. Volunteer

Never 77.8%






More often 3.4%

h. Guest on Air

Never 67.6%





More often 2.9%

i. Interviewed

Never 71.9%





More often 2.5%

j. Attended event

Never 64.64%





More often 2.9%

Mobile Phone


Yes 58.72%

No 38.76%


Do you ever use your mobile phone to SMS people?

Never 64.5%





More often 5.7%


Never 65.0%





More often 4.1%


Very useful 45.2%

Useful 8.84%

Somewhat useful 4.48%

Not useful 6.8%

Don’t know 29.2%




Agree 15.4%

Neither 1.0%

Disagree 0.7%

Don’t know 3.1%




Agree 19.0%

Neither 2.7%

Disagree 2.7%


Don’t know 2.0%



Agree 22.4%

Neither 2.9%

Disagree 2.3%


Don’t know 2.5%


the radio.


Agree 29.7%

Neither 3.3%

Disagree 5.5%


Don’t know 2.9%


on the radio.


Agree 23.6%

Neither 2.7%

Disagree 4.0%


Don’t know 4.1%




Agree 22.5%

Neither 1.2%

Disagree 0.9%


Don’t know 1.9%




Agree 22.3%

Neither 3.7%

Disagree 5.9%


Don’t know 3.7%



Agree 20.3%

Neither 1.2%

Disagree 2.2%


Don’t know 2.0%



Agree 21.66%

Neither 2.625%

Disagree 3.4%

strongly disagree 1.3%

Don’t know 6.6%




Agree 24.9%

Neither 2.8%

Disagree 2.2%


Don’t know 3.2%

11. Information is essential to a peaceful and democratic society.


Agree 23.2%

Neither 3.5%

Disagree 2.5%

Stongly disagree 2.0%

Don’t know 1.3%

Democracy



Agree 15.7%

Neither 2.1%

Disagree 1.0%


Don’t know 1.5%



Agree 15.1%

Neither 2.1%

Disagree 2.3%


Don’t know 1.9%




Agree 18.3%

Neither 0.8%

Disagree 2.4%


Don’t know 3.2%



Agree 25.8%

Neither 9.0%

Disagree 6.4%


Don’t know 4.6%



Agree 19.0%

Neither 1.1%

Disagree 0.7%


Don’t know 1.3%

Emergency Radio



Agree 16.2%

Neither 1.1%

Disagree 0.8%


Don’t know 1.7%




Agree 20.5%

Neither 1.3%

Disagree 1.3%


Don’t know 2.0%



Agree 22.3%

Neither 3.5%

Disagree 1.5%


Don’t know 2.0%


Radio 91.4%

TV 45.3%

Newspapers & Magazines 16.8%

Word of Mouth 18.8%

Internet 26.9%

Mobile Phone 30.7%

Church/Mosque 15.7%

Police 7.7%









Agree 15.9%

Neither 0.8%

Disagree 0.7%

Don’t Know 0.9%



Agree 22.0%

Neither 2.9%

Disagree 2.2%


Don’t Know 2.2%




Agree 24.0%

Neither 2.8%

Disagree 6.6%


Don’t Know 1.4%



Agree 24.0%

Neither 7.7%

Disagree 21.6%


Don’t Know 7.0%





Agree 16.79%

Neither 0.60%

Disagree 2.10%


Don’t Know 1.47%



Agree 18.04%

Neither 1.16%


Don’t Know 1.42%

2. Opinion on civil society and emergency vs. importance of Internews Radio


percentage from those who said Internews radio is very important)


Agree 16.30%

Neither 0.56%

Disagree 0.89%


Don’t Know 0.56%


percentage from those who said Internews radio is very important)


Agree 18.43%

Neither 0.89%

Disagree 1.15%


Don’t Know 1.16%




who said Internews Radio is very important)


Agree 13.4%

Neither 0.9%

Disagree 1.5%


Don’t Know 0.0%


opinion showing the percentage from those who said Internews radio is very important)


Agree 22.0%

Neither 0.9%

Disagree 2.7%


Don’t Know 0.8%

e. Radio has given a better understanding of events beyond my community (for each opinion

showing the percentage from those who said Internews radio is very important)


Agree 23.0%

Neither 1.6%

Disagree 0.8%


Don’t Know 1.0%


Light in the Darkness - internews.org · Light in the Darkness (Appendix III) Internews Radio in...

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