Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17 ·...
Transcript of Li#ga#ng’the’Groundwater’Revolu#on:’’ …...2014/04/17 ·...
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Li#ga#ng the Groundwater Revolu#on: Past, Present, and Future
Stanford Law School
April 17, 2014
Burke W. Griggs ConsulBng Professor, Bill Lane Center for the
American West, Stanford University Kansas Special Assistant AIorney General
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The Equal FooBng Doctrine
H.J. Inc. v. Northwestern Bell Tel. Co., 492 U.S. 229, 252 (1989)
Madison denied, 1788-‐89 Ar#cle IV, Sec. 3, Cl. 1: No help at all. An Inherent aIribute of the federal union. Pollard v. Hagan (1845). It applies to water rights. U.S. v. Holt State Bank (1926) “Life is a Fountain.”*
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The proper borders of Kansas, 1859
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Arkansas River, near Headwaters
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Arkansas River Basin
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Arkansas River, Lakin, Kansas
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Peace in our Bme?
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Technological revoluBons render tradiBonal warfighBng obsolete.
John M. Browning and his Machine Gun, ca. 1910
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Western waterfights are no different.
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Res Ipsa Loquitur
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Nebraska: the hydrological problem– the cause
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Nebraska: the hydrological problem– the effect
Harlan County inflows
0.0
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's A
F
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Peace in our Bme?
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LiBgaBng Kansas v. Nebraska
• Water Resources Engineers • Groundwater Modelers • Hydrogeologists • Agronomists • Agricultural Economists • Lawyers – To connect Kansas’ experts, and destroy Nebraska’s
• Appearances also by: Historians, MathemaBcians
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Special Master’s Report, 11/15/2013
• For Kansas: – “reckless indifference” by Nebraska – Disgorgement award, + damages = $5.5M. More than Kansas v.
Colorado.
• For Nebraska: – No injuncBon, contempt finding, or river master – EnBtled to a change in Compact AccounBng Procedures (10k AF/yr)
• The Indifferent: – What is the federal role? SM unconcerned with whether NE’s conduct
to comply violates federal law.
• ExcepBons briefing complete as of 4/30; Oral argument in fall
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Means of Compliance, I: The Draining of Bonny Reservoir (note absence of endangered species)
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Nebraska “AugmentaBon”
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Means of Compliance, II: “AugmentaBon”
• A Colorado concept • Applied to an interstate
compact, using Ogallala-‐High Plains Aquifer water
• Colorado: CCCP, North Fork Republican, 15k AF
• Nebraska: PlaIe and Republican, 20-‐30k AF
• Groundwater becomes Surface Water. Through a process of AugmentaBon by SubtracBon. Paging Mr. Orwell . . . .
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1. Gravity > Equal FooBng Doctrine, So LiBgaBon is an ImperaBve.
“Hypotheses non fingo.”* F = G (m1 x m2) ; ergo,
d2
“Water flows downhill. I am not interested in the Equal Foo#ng Doctrine. I have never heard of it. The laws of the universe trump all human doctrines, even those ‘discovered’ by the United States Supreme Court, whatever that is.”** *Isaac Newton, Principia Mathema9ca (1688) ** Newton did not actually say this. Powerpoint, Microsoe Word, and Google constructed this sentence in response to a search query.
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2. But Money > Gravity and Water.
• Water has a subsBtute. It’s called Money. • The need for transacBonal sophisBcaBon and beIer water markets
• Technology and Infrastructure raise the stakes of interstate conflict.
• How will the Federal Government invest? • CO and NE have spent $200m on the Republican (not counBng liBgaBon). Kansas?
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3. As the law breaks down, will tradiBonal boundaries hold?
• Law = Compact + other Federal and State Laws of the River • Water supply > State idenBty?
– Kansas and Nebraska on the Republican – Kansas and Colorado on the Arkansas – Texas and New Mexico on the Rio Grande – CBM interests and Tribal interests on the Yellowstone
• BalkanizaBon and Stranger Bedfellows? – Water Quality on the Arkansas – RecreaBonal and Environmental Interests actually harmonizing with
downstream irrigaBon interests (don’t get too excited)
• The Future of Federalism on the Great Plains?
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The Ogallala as an Interstate Resource?
• 276 MAF withdrawn • 8.3 MAF/year– half of the Colorado River
• Declines as high as 150 feet– permanent
• Compact? • NaBonal Aquifer?
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THE END
“Thank you for making this day necessary.” • Yogi Berra