Lifestyle/Chronic Diseases ( Non-Communicable) Unit 8 In The Book Page 514.
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Transcript of Lifestyle/Chronic Diseases ( Non-Communicable) Unit 8 In The Book Page 514.
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Lifestyle/ChronicDiseases ( Non-Communicable)
Unit 8 In The Book
Page 514
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Lifestyle/Chronic Diseases
- diseases caused by lifestyle choices, genetics, and/or
environment and not communicable.
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Factors That Have An Influence
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Cardiovascular Diseases(diseases of the CV system)
p.515Heart Diseases- any disease of the heart
muscle or other working parts of the heart.Coronary Heart Disease- A disease in which
the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked.
Coronary Artery- is a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart muscles.
Plaque- hardened deposits of fat.
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Factors which could lead to CVD-gender, heredity, smoking, hypertension,
high cholesterol, poor diet, diabetes, obesity, lack of exercise & stress.
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Leading Causes of Death
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Types of Diabetes523
Insulin-
Glucose-
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Heart Attack(Myocardial Infarction)
P. 517
- Death of heart muscle (no O2)
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Blood Vessels p.210
1. Arteries- carry blood away from the heart, largest blood vessels with thick muscular walls.
2. Veins- carry blood towards the heart.
3. Capillaries- connect arteries to veins.
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Blood Vessel Problems
Thrombus- a stationary clot in the blood.
Embolus- a traveling blood clot.
Aneurysm- the ballooning out of an artery at a point where it has become weak.
Hemorrhage- the breaking of an artery wall at a point where it has grown weak.
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Atherosclerosisp.516
- a disease in which plaque collects on artery walls.
Arteriosclerosis- tends to occur naturally as people age.
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Other Types of Heart Diseasep.515
Congenital- “born with”
Murmur- a heart sound that reflects damaged or abnormal heart valves.
Pacemaker- a device that is implanted in the heart to stimulate normal heart contractions.
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Rheumatic Fever- occurs chiefly in children and teens and includes inflammation of the heart valves.
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Blood Pressurep.519
Hypertension- high blood pressure, “silent Killer”. Hereditary
120 systolic- contraction ( good BP)121 diastolic- relaxation140/90 ( High BP)Prehypertension- Stage I-Stage II- Sphygmomanometer- used to measure BP
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High Cholesterol• Below 200 milligrams per deciliter is
desirable (total)
Two types
1. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
2. Low Density Lipoproteins
(LDL)
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LDL• Bad
• Builds up on artery walls (atherosclerosis)
• LDL levels should be below 130 mg/dl
• Raises by consuming Sat. Fat
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HDL• Good
• Takes fat out of blood
• HDL levels should be above 45 mg/dl
• Raises w/exercise and fruits, veg & whole grains
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Stroke(Brain Attack)P. 516
- a condition caused by a blocked or broken blood vessel in the brain, basically shutting off all blood flow to the brain.
Causes: Thrombus, Embolus, Hemorrhage, Aneurysm, compression from a tumor.
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Symptoms of a Stroke
• Sudden weakness, numbness, tingling• Loss of speech• Dizziness, unsteadiness• Dimness, loss of vision• Paralysis• Disability or death
In a major stroke, part of the brain will die causing mental & physical damage & loss of functioning.
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Diagnosis & TreatmentP. 520
Electro-Cardiogram-
Cardiac Catheterization-
Stress Test-
Echocardiogram-
Nuclear Stress Test-
Angioplasty-
Stent-
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CancerP. 531
-An uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells which spreads into surrounding tissue and other body parts.
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Tumor P.531
Tumor- an abnormal mass of tissue that can live and reproduce itself, but performs no service to the body.
Benign- non-cancerous, as does not spread to other parts of the body.Malignant- is a cancerous tumor, that may spread to other parts of the body.
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Stages P.531
Metastasis- is the spread of cancer.
“In Situ”- cancer not spreading, in its original location.
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How Cancer Develops
1. Exposure to Carcinogen or initiator2. Initiator enters cell3. Cells’ genetic material changes4. Promoter may be present5. Multiplication of cells6. Tumors develop7. Malignant tumor grows & spreads to
surrounding tissue8. Metastasis occurs
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Warning signs of Cancerp.534
C
A
U
T
I
O
N
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Common CancersP.532 & 533 (Table 49.1)
Male- lung, prostate, colon-rectum
Female- lung, breast, colon-rectum, uterus
Initiators (Causes):
1.Heredity(lung,colon,rectal,breast,uterine)
2.Carcinogens
3.Radiation
4.Viruses
5.Lack of Exercise or Poor Diet
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Reducing Your Risk of CancerP.534 & 535
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Treatment ApproachesP. 536
• Surgery
• Radiation Therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Immunotherapy