Lifespan changes in sleep.

Lifespan changes in sleep.

BATs

• Outline changes in sleep patterns over the lifespan (A01)

• Consider implications of changes in sleep patterns over the lifespan (A02)

Synoptic Points

• DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH

• Cultural Differences

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aL5dyAkd9uM

baby sleeping Do you ever find yourself sleeping through the day?

How many hours sleep do you get per night?

Do you sleep more or less than you used to?

Over the next week fill in a sleep log. What ethical issues are related to this?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2gff2PtZAv4 man

EEGs of Sleep at Different Stages of Lifespan

What do these EEG’s tell us about how sleep

changes as we get older?

Sleep Timeline

• Read p 10

• Create a timeline to show how sleep changes as humans develop

Prenatal & Infant sleep.• Okai et al (1992):• Used ultrasound scanning to investigate

possible sleep patterns in unborn children of the 30 ‘normal’ pregnant women between 20 and 40 weeks (beginning of 5mths-full term).

Limitations of the Research?

Sample size?Methodology?Application?

AO2/3

Prenatal & Infant sleep.

• This study was completed by:• Measuring eye movement and baby movement.• What instrument would they need to use?

• Findings:• Prior to 28 weeks (7 mths) REM was hard to

identify.• At 32 weeks REM/NREM cycles could be distinguished.

What do these findings suggest?

• The critical point in gestation is measured at 32 weeks.

• This is further supported by a correlation found between sleep changes and the development of the brain.

• E.g. Brain stem reaches a developmental high between 28 and 31 weeks, there is a known link between these neural systems & control of the REM/NREM ultradian cycles.

Further evidence……..

• Q: What do we know about newborns?

• A: Spend approx 17 hrs a day asleep with 50% of this time in REM.

• The adult NREM/REM pattern does not emerge for several months.

Prenatal/Infant sleep cont….• Q. What is the usual pattern that babies

sleep follows????

• A. The amount of time needed in REM sleep decreases in the first year, with a decline to approx 13 hours (Sheldon,1996). Are these conclusions

sound?What other studies

support/refute these findings?

Other factors that may impact infant sleep patterns?

• Maternal behaviour (depression)• Armitage (2009) found of the 18 healthy full term infants

they studied at 6 monthly intervals. • 11 of the babies were born to depressed mothers.• They found infants of depressed mothers took longer to

fall asleep & had sleep patterns that were different to those experienced by the babies from non depressed mothers.

Also consider: Baird et al (2009)

As supporting evidence.

Other factors that may impact sleep patterns?

• Adolescents: The cause is usually the cause of social changes such as

• Sleeping longer at weekends.

• Staying up later.

• Reduced parental influence.

• Several environmental factors are also responsible for changes in sleep……..

Other factors that may impact sleep patterns?

• Increased homework• Using the computer• During adolescence the brain is going through a

critical phase of cortical development & cognitive change, & sleep is crucial in ensuring that these changes occur efficiently.

Wolfson & Carskadon (1998)Pagel (2007)

AO3 – Synoptic Points

• Look at the graph on page 11

• Briefly outline the research carried out by Tynjala et al (1993) , Shin et al (2003) and

• Ghanizadeh et al (2008)

• What conclusion was reached in the light of this research?

Over to you ..

• Answer Qu 2 and 3 p11

• Homework-

• Discuss research into lifespan changes in sleep (9+16)

• or qu 4 p11 –

• prepare in lesson – share plans

• Fill in sleep log?