Life Science

Released SOL Items

According to the graph, which air pollutant decreased the most from 1970 to 1991?

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A. Carbon monoxide

B. Sulfur oxides

C. Particulates

D. Lead

Which of these best describes a relationship shown by this African energy pyramid?

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25% 25%25%25%A. The lion is a

predator of the giraffes.

B. The lion is the prey of the giraffes.

C. Giraffes are the prey of the trees.

D. Giraffes are predators of the lion.

Which of the following classificationgroups contains organisms that havethe most characteristics in common?

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25% 25%25%25%A. Kingdom

B. Phylum

C. Class

D. Species

In this diagram of a single-celledorganism, which organelle functions as

a place to store extra water?

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A. Cell membrane

B. Vacuole

C. Cytoplasm

D. Nucleus

Which concept is best illustrated bythis diagram?

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A. The exchange of CO2 and O2 in an ecosystem

B. The effect of limiting factors in a biome

C. Cycling of nutrients in a community

D. Environmental pressures on a population

What process makes food for plants?

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Rep

rodu

ctio

n

Photo

synth

esis

Res

piratio

n

Conde

nsatio

n

25% 25%25%25%A. Reproduction

B. Photosynthesis

C. Respiration

D. Condensation

Which of these experimental designs would best test this hypothesis?

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Hypothesis: The addition of a fertilizer to soil will increase plant growth.

A. B.

C. D.

Which animal has a life span closest to that of sheep?

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A. Dog

B. Cat

C. Horse

D. Cow

DNA is essential to living organisms because it —

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21 22 23 24 25 c

arrie

s th

e ge

netic

code

is a

spira

l hel

ix

can

pre

vent d

isea

ses

can

bre

ak a

part

25% 25%25%25%A. carries the genetic code

B. is a spiral helix

C. can prevent diseases

D. can break apart

Which of these shows the correctsequence of development?

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25% 25%25%25%A. Organs → cells → tissues → systems

B. Cells → tissues → organs → systems

C. Systems → tissues → cells → organs

D. Tissues → cells → systems → organs

Which of these would be the best way to prove that a pine stick is more flexible than an oak

stick?

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25% 25%25%25%A.B.

C. D.

What most likely happened to species that are found in the fossil

record but have no living members?

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25% 25%25%25%A. They had offspring of a different species.

B. They mutated to other species.

C. They became extinct.

D. They never really existed.

Which instrument would mostaccurately and precisely determine

the mass of a toy car?

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25% 25%25%25%A. An electronic light meter

B. A spring scale

C. A triple-beam balance

D. A graduated cylinder

Organisms that absorb nutrients from dead plants and animals are

called —

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car

nivor

es

dec

ompos

ers

her

bivore

s

pro

ducers

25% 25%25%25%A. carnivores

B. decomposers

C. herbivores

D. producers

Each student in a science class of 25 conducts the same experiment. One student gathers all the data from her

classmates and summarizes the results of the experiment for the class. She compares the data she

personally recorded with the class data. Which of these might indicate to her that her results are valid?

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25% 25%25%25%A. Three other classes performed the same experiment.

B. The same experiment was repeated two years in a row.

C. Many other students recorded data similar to hers.

D. Another student in her class reached a different conclusion.

Thrips are tiny insects that can easily be seen on roses. The thrip population changes shown in the

graph above are probably caused by —

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25% 25%25%25%A. increases in

human population

B. a major climatic change

C. seasonal changes

D. increased use of insecticides

A student designs and builds a 1:1000 scale model of the Mt. Fuji volcano in Japan. Since

Mt. Fuji is about 3,800 m high, what is the height of his scale model?

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A. 0.38 m

B. 3.8 m

C. 380 m

D. 3,800 m

When plants undergo photosynthesis, they produce —

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21 22 23 24 25 c

arbon d

ioxi

de

oxy

gen

hyd

rogen

nitr

ogen

25% 25%25%25%A. carbon dioxide

B. oxygen

C. hydrogen

D. nitrogen

How far offshore is the deepest point ofthe ocean on this graph?

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A. 0 m

B. 5000 m

C. 160 km

D. 240 km

Mendel proposed that traits observed in pea plants resulted from a combination of

“factors” inherited from each parent. His description of these “factors” can be

considered the first scientific definition of the role of —

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A. ribosomes

B. meiosis

C. genes

D. cell nuclei

Which of the organisms in a forestecosystem is an example of a

producer?

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25% 25%25%25%A. Squirrels

B. Oak trees

C. Black bears

D. Bacteria

Botanists often use leaves to identify plants. Which trait of the leaves shown would be most useful in identifying the plants they came from?

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25% 25%25%25%A. Color of the leafB. Function of the

leafC. Arrangement of

leaves on a stem

D. Presence or absence of veins

A tapeworm lives in human intestines, absorbing the nutrients that would normally be absorbed by the person. This eventually

causes the person health problems. The relationship between the tapeworm and the

human is —

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A. parasite/host

B. predator/prey

C. herbivore/omnivore

D. consumer/producer

A plant’s green color is due to thepresence of which organelle?

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Chlo

ropla

st

Nucl

eus

Mito

chond

rion

Vac

uole

25% 25%25%25%A. Chloroplast

B. Nucleus

C. Mitochondrion

D. Vacuole

The diagram shows a graduated cylinder containing water. From which position will the most accurate measure of the volume of the

water be made?

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A. Position 1

B. Position 2

C. Position 3

D. Position 4

Which of these has the greatestinfluence over how big a baby elephant

will grow?

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25% 25%25%25%A. The amount of oxygen

in the airB. The amount of food

availableC. The size of the trees in

the jungleD. The type of grass on the

plains

At what speed would a car have tomove in order to travel 20 kilometers

in two hours?

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25% 25%25%25%A. 5 km/hr

B. 10 km/hr

C. 20 km/hr

D. 40 km/hr

In the food web shown, which of the following consumers eats only producers?

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A. Hawk

B. Owl

C. Fox

D. Mouse

Which of the following is used tomeasure the mass of an object?

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Bal

ance

Met

ric ru

ler

Gra

duated

cyl

inder

Bar

omet

er

25% 25%25%25%

A. Balance

B. Metric ruler

C. Graduated cylinder

D. Barometer

Which biome contains largepopulations of grazing herbivores, fewspecies of birds, and deep, rich soil?

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25% 25%25%25%A. A taiga

B. A tundra

C. A deciduous forest

D. A grassland

What is next in this series?

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25% 25%25%25%A. Habitats

B. Organisms

C. Systems

D. Organelles

Which of these is due entirely toinheritance in humans?

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21 22 23 24 25 R

eadin

g sk

ill

Eye

colo

r

Endur

ance

Bro

ken b

ones

25% 25%25%25%A. Reading skill

B. Eye color

C. Endurance

D. Broken bones

How are humans classified within afood chain?

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Pro

ducers

Consu

mer

s

Dec

ompos

ers

Man

ufact

urer

s

25% 25%25%25%A. Producers

B. Consumers

C. Decomposers

D. Manufacturers

This chart represents the type and number of items collected in a beach cleanup. Based on the above chart, what percentage of the total items collected

from the beaches was plastic?

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A. 46%

B. 49%

C. 56%

D. 70%

Some snapdragon seeds were studied in the experiment below. The seeds were placed in a dish lined with a moist paper towel. Which of

these is the independent (manipulated) variable in this experiment?

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A. The type of seed

B. The amount of water used

C. The number of sprouts

D. The temperature of each dish

Which of the following is produced as a result of photosynthesis?

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Hea

t

Wat

er

Oxy

gen

Car

bon dio

xide

25% 25%25%25%A. Heat

B. Water

C. Oxygen

D. Carbon dioxide

Lions usually live in prides made up of a few adult females, an adult male, and some younger lions. The females hunt together and the kill is shared with the pride. The lions’ method of hunting best

illustrates —

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25% 25%25%25%A. cooperation

B. competition

C. territoriality

D. parasitism

Which of the following arecharacteristics of the most productive

ecological environment?

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25% 25%25%25%A. Stable temperatures and high rainfall amounts

B. Hot temperatures and low rainfall amounts

C. Cold temperatures and low rainfall amounts

D. Low temperatures and high rainfall amounts

The picture shows a pond ecosystem. What would most likely happen if all the lily plants were removed

from this community?

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25% 25%25%25%A. There would be more

oxygen in the air.

B. The pond water currents would be slower.

C. There would be more kinds of animals in the pond.

D. The animals would have fewer places to hide.

The sea urchin shown has radial symmetry. This means that its body parts are —

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25% 25%25%25%A. equally arranged

around a central point

B. designed to function in seawater

C. likely to be reformed if any part of the body is damaged

D. able to function on land and in the water

According to this graph, which of these is most important in developing the biomass of these plants?

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A. Nitrates

B. Sulfates

C. Magnesium

D. Iron

John and Emily were experimenting with the effects of road salt on plant growth. To do this,

they watered plants daily with the same amount of salt water. They could best improve their

experiment by —

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25% 25%25%25%A. increasing the amount of salt added to the water each day

B. cooling the salt water before watering the plants

C. adding food color to see how far the salt penetrates the plants

D. watering half the plants with pure water and half with salt water

In this food web, which organism hasthe greatest number of food sources?

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A. Snake

B. Hawk

C. Shrew

D. Mouse

In which of the following environments would you expect to find the greatest

number of different species of plants and animals per square mile?

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25% 25%25%25%A. An island near the South

Pole

B. A wheat field in North Dakota

C. A pasture on a Virginia farm

D. A tropical rain forest in Panama

The picture shows dinosaur tracks found in rocks. How many dinosaurs left their

tracks here?

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A. 2

B. 4

C. 14

D. 24

Which of these best completes thestatement about the interaction of therespiratory system with the circulatory

system? The lungs add —

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25% 25%25%25%A. nutrients to the blood

B. bile to the blood

C. oxygen to the blood

D. carbon dioxide to the blood

A tick that feeds on the blood ofanimals is a —

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pre

dator

host

com

petito

r

par

asite

25% 25%25%25%A. predator

B. host

C. competitor

D. parasite

Which of the following do typical plantcells have that typical animal cells

do not?

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Cyt

oplasm

Nucl

ei

Mito

chond

ria

Chlo

ropla

sts

25% 25%25%25%A. Cytoplasm

B. Nuclei

C. Mitochondria

D. Chloroplasts

What is the mass of the rock?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. 335.6 g

B. 350.6 g

C. 354.6 g

D. 356.0 g

The picture shows the results of putting a drop of orange ink from a marking pen on a piece of filter paper and allowing the colors in the ink to separate. About how

much farther on the filter paper has the yellow pigmentmoved than the red pigment?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. 0.5 cm

B. 1.6 cm

C. 2.7 cm

D. 3.5 cm

The kangaroo rat is able to get all of the water it needs through its food and,

therefore, never needs to drink liquids. This animal has adapted to survive in

which biome?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. Forest

B. Tundra

C. Desert

D. Grassland

The chart shows the results of an experiment to test the effects of different plant lights on plant seedling growth.

Which group of plants showed the greatest gain in height?

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A. Group 1

B. Group 2

C. Group 3

D. Group 4

Which of these could cause a decreasein the number of squirrels in a population?

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21 22 23 24 25 A

n incr

ease

in c

oope.

..

An in

crea

se in

the

sq...

An in

crea

se in

com

pet...

An in

crea

se in

the

squ...

25% 25%25%25%A. An increase in cooperation with birds in the area

B. An increase in the squirrels’ territory

C. An increase in competition with other nut-eating animals

D. An increase in the squirrels’ food supply

The picture represents five red blood cells seen through a microscope. The lines represent a scale also visible

through the microscope. Each division on the scale represents one micrometer. Use the scale to estimate

the diameter of the average red blood cell.

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A. 4—5 micrometers

B. 7—8 micrometers

C. 10—11 micrometers

D. 12—13 micrometers

Which level of organization below is the most basic or primary level of

organization?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Cell

B. Tissue

C. Organ

D. Organ system

Ellen noticed that she often sneezes when she visits her friend Robert, who has a cat and a parrot. Ellen

wonders if she may have allergies to Robert’s pets and decides to conduct a scientific investigation. What

should Ellen do next?

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25% 25%25%25%A. Ellen should tell Robert that she cannot

visit him until he gives away his pets.

B. Ellen should visit Sue who has a horse, a dog, a goldfish, and a hamster.

C. Ellen should call her doctor and insist that she needs shots for allergies.

D. Ellen should visit a friend who has only cats and one who has only parrots.

Sponges are classified as animalsbecause they cannot —

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21 22 23 24 25 m

ove

from

pla

ce to

p...

mak

e th

eir o

wn food

get

rid

of w

aste

pro

d...

cat

ch th

eir o

wn fo

od

25% 25%25%25%A. move from place to place

B. make their own food

C. get rid of waste products

D. catch their own food

Northern garter snakes exhibit a unique behavior in which they gather in deep dens by the

hundreds or thousands. They then coil together in a huge ball. This behavior could help to —

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25% 25%25%25%

A. reduce heat loss

B. increase camouflage

C. locate food sources

D. increase oxygen consumption

When plants perform photosynthesis,they use sunlight to produce food. This

is an example of light energy beingconverted to —

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25% 25%25%25%

A. heat energy

B. electrical energy

C. mechanical energy

D. chemical energy

Mendel’s early work with pea plants demonstrated a significant genetic discovery. The crossing of homozygous tall pea plants with homozygous short pea plants always

resulted in tall plants and demonstrated that tallness in pea plants is a trait that is —

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A. blended

B. dominant

C. mutated

D. recessive

Many scientists believe that nuclear fusion will become a possible energy source

within the next 10 years. What resource would be most effective in tracking the

progress of this energy source?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 T

he lo

cal n

...

A c

hemic

al ..

.

A p

hysic

s te

...

Sci

entif

ic p

er...

25% 25%25%25%

A. The local newspaper

B. A chemical encyclopedia

C. A physics textbook

D. Scientific periodical

The loss of which of these would havethe least effect on the water cycle?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Soil

B. Rivers

C. Animals

D. Plants

Which of these processes helps extract energy from food?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 R

epro

duct

ion

Dig

estio

n

Exc

retio

n

Circ

ulat

ion

25% 25%25%25%A. Reproduction

B. Digestion

C. Excretion

D. Circulation

The picture shows a test for non-slip surfaces to be used on a ramp. Which of these must be done

to provide more meaningful results?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. Use the same shoe on each surface

B. Use boards of the same thickness

C. Use the same shoe size for each type of shoe

D. Use shoes with soles designed for sports

According to this diagram, both of these fish —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. eat bacteria

B. give off toxic wastes

C. take in minerals through their gills

D. get their energy from other animals

The picture above illustrates the habitat of a population of animals and its distance from the nearest water source. How far does an animal

have to travel to obtain water?

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25% 25%25%25%

A. 6 centimeters

B. 12 meters

C. 50 meters

D. 300 meters

Most of the hereditary informationwithin the cell is carried in the —

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21 22 23 24 25

riboso

mes

vac

uoles

chro

moso

mes

Golg

i bodie

s

25% 25%25%25%A. ribosomes

B. vacuoles

C. chromosomes

D. Golgi bodies

In which biome would you find themost variety of life?

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21 22 23 24 25

Tundr

a

Des

ert

Gra

ssla

nd

Rai

n fore

st

25% 25%25%25%A. Tundra

B. Desert

C. Grassland

D. Rain forest

According to the graph, which angle of release would cause the javelin to go the farthest?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. 75°

B. 60°

C. 45°

D. 30°

Which type of characteristics can be inherited?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 T

hose c

ontro

lled b

y ...

Those

cau

sed b

y ac

...

Those

pro

duce

d by

e...

Those

pro

duce

d by

diet

25% 25%25%25%A. Those controlled by genes

B. Those caused by accidents

C. Those produced by exercise

D. Those produced by diet

An experiment was set up to measure the distance a snail would travel in 5 minutes.

Which of these rulers should be used to give the most precise measurement?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. B.

C. D.

The ermine is a small animal that lives along riverbanks and in forests. During the spring

and summer, it grows a brown coat. It sheds the brown coat during the autumn and grows a white one. This change of color in the ermine’s

coat allows it to —

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. hide from predators

B. attract a mate

C. locate a water supply

D. find food more easily

In this plant cell, which cellular structure is responsible for storing food, water, and wastes?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Cytoplasm

B. Vacuole

C. Nucleus

D. Cell membrane

Which of these populations is most likely to increase if the number of grasshoppers

decreases?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Plant

B. Frog

C. Praying mantis

D. Owl

When animals hibernate, their heartrate and respiration decrease and they

lose consciousness. Why do someanimals hibernate?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. To increase their body fat during cold periods

B. To conserve energy usage during the winter

C. To give their fur time to grow longer and thicker

D. To rest after a summer of high activity

Which of the following organisms break down dead material and return the substances to the environment?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Grasshopper and worm

B. Grass and algae

C. Bacteria and fungi

D. Snake and grasshopper

In the scale model below, one centimeter is equal to one-half of a meter. The mailbox is 2 truck

lengths away from the model truck. How far away is the mailbox from the truck on the real street?

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21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 5 meters

B. 10 meters

C. 15 meters

D. 20 meters

Wherever civilizations have flourished, forests have been destroyed. Hundreds of years ago in England, rivers and seaports began to fill

with silt after the forests were destroyed. What caused the silt to fill the seaports?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 E

utrophic

atio

n

Succ

essi

on

Ero

sion

Irrig

atio

n

25% 25%25%25%

A. Eutrophication

B. Succession

C. Erosion

D. Irrigation

According to the scale shown below, what is the approximate length of the baby blue

whale?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 2 meters

B. 4 meters

C. 6 meters

D. 10 meters

Which of these best enables this animalto rid its body of excess heat in a hot

desert environment?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Its large ears

B. Its flexible feet

C. Its sandy color

D. Its fur

Which type of report would probably provide the most accurate answer to the above question?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

What type of animals live in a wetland?

25% 25%25%25%A. “Water Quality in Wetlands,” published by

the United States Geological Survey

B. “Endangered Species in Our Wetlands,” by a reporter for the Daily Globe Newspaper

C. “Birds of Wetlands” in Science, the journal for the American Association for the Advancement of Science

D. “Organisms in Wetlands,” a report on the internet by the Chesapeake Bay Foundation

Asexual reproduction involves onlyone parent. The offspring of this type

of reproduction have —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 D

NA iden

tical

to th

e...

DNA th

at is

diff

eren

t ...

one-

half o

f the

DNA of..

.

DNA th

at is

inco

mple

te

25% 25%25%25%A. DNA identical to the

DNA of the parent

B. DNA that is different from the parent

C. one-half of the DNA of the parent

D. DNA that is incomplete

According to the chart, which set of conditions represents the process of photosynthesis?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A student wishes to test the hypothesis that adding antifreeze to water lowers the freezing

point of the water. What would be the dependent (responding) variable?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Amount of water put into a

container

B. Amount of antifreeze added to the water

C. Temperature at which the water/antifreeze mixture freezes

D. Type of thermometer used to measure the freezing point

The relationship between the algae and the frog may be described as —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. consumer → producer

B. consumer → decomposer

C. producer → consumer

D. producer → decomposer

Many complex genetic experiments have been performed on plants. One of the very successful ones crossed wild wheat with a fungus-resistant wild grass. This ultimately produced a variety of wheat that was resistant to a very destructive parasitic fungus which

kills nonresistant plants. Why would such experimentation benefit humans?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. The fungus is also dangerous to humans.

B. Wheat is one of the most important food crops worldwide.

C. The fungus could spread to all other plants

D. Wheat products made from infected plants would taste bad.

Students measured and recorded the density of 4 samples. Using the density column and the data table shown below, which of the samples will probably float

on top of the oil?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

A. Sample A

B. Sample B

C. Sample C

D. Sample D

25% 25%25%25%

Fossils are evidence of living things that were alive many, many years ago and often consist of the skeletons of creatures imbedded in rock.

Why don’t fossils contain the animal’s soft tissues, as well?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Because the soft tissues decayed before the fossil could be formed

B. Because the rock breaks down soft tissues

C. Because the soft tissues were always eaten by scavengers

D. Because the rock always smashed the soft tissues flat

Which process is the foundation for the food web?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Evaporation

B. Condensation

C. Photosynthesis

D. Movement

The island of Guam had no native snake species until the brown tree snake was

introduced. What effect did this egg-eating snake have on the native bird populations?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 B

ird p

opula

tion.

..

Bird

pop

ulatio

ns...

Bird

pop

ulatio

ns...

Bird

pop

ulatio

ns...

25% 25%25%25%A. Bird populations were not affected

by the snake’s introduction.

B. Bird populations increased as the birds preyed on the snakes.

C. Bird populations decreased as the snakes fed on the bird eggs.

D. Bird populations increased as the snakes eliminated predators.

A student wishes to measure the massof an object. Which instrument would

be most useful?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Triple beam balance

B. Graduated cylinder

C. Metric ruler

D. Erlenmeyer flask

The picture shows the growth curve of a bacterial population. According to this

information, the bacterial population doubles every —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 3 minutes

B. 20 minutes

C. 30 minutes

D. 60 minutes

The presence of permafrost is acharacteristic of which major biome?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Tundra

B. Taiga

C. Temperate forest

D. Grasslands

Plants release oxygen into the air as aresult of photosynthesis. Which of these

do plants need for photosynthesis?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Carbon dioxide

B. Nitrogen

C. Methane

D. Hydrogen

A student wanted to test the hypothesis that adding antifreeze to water lowers the freezing

point of water. The student found that pure water froze at 0°C, while the water/antifreeze mixture

froze at 20°C. In order to confirm the results, the student should repeat the experiment using —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 a

con

tain

er o

...

a d

iffer

ent .

..

a d

iffer

ent .

..

exa

ctly

the

...

25% 25%25%25%A. a container of a different size

B. a different amount of antifreeze

C. a different amount of water

D. exactly the same set-up as the first experiment

This experiment was set up to test thehypothesis that plants grow faster in green

light. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. Type of plant

B. Amount of water

C. Color of light

D. Size of pot

Of the following, which is the correctprogression in the food chain?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Producers → herbivores → carnivores

B. Herbivores → producers → carnivores

C. Producers → carnivores → herbivores

D. Carnivores → herbivores → producers

Which of these are found in plant cellsbut not in animal cells?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

Mito

chond

ria

Chlo

ropla

sts

Cel

l mem

bran

es

Endop

lasm

ic re

ticulu

m

25% 25%25%25%A. Mitochondria

B. Chloroplasts

C. Cell membranes

D. Endoplasmic reticulum

A student predicts that more sugar willdissolve in warm water than in cold water. She

puts some water in a container, adds sugar, and then stirs. The amount of undissolved sugar is then observed. When this student

repeats the experiment to verify her prediction, the only thing that should change is the —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 a

mou

nt of .

..

tem

perat

ure...

am

ount o

f ...

am

ount o

f ...

25% 25%25%25%

A. amount of water used

B. temperature of the water

C. amount of sugar used

D. amount of time stirring

The function of a cell nucleus is to —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 d

irect

the

activ

ities

of..

.

hel

p th

e ce

ll ex

pel w

aste

dig

est f

oreig

n subst

...

tran

sport

subs

tance

s...

25% 25%25%25%A. direct the activities of the cell

B. help the cell expel waste

C. digest foreign substances

D. transport substances around the cell

Which of these best shows what is happening to the cell in pure water?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. B. C. D.

A student conducted an experiment on plant growth that required adding about one cupful of liquid fertilizer to several plants each week. In order to accurately measure the fertilizer givento each plant, the fertilizer volume should be

measured in —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. cubic meters

B. milliliters

C. cubic feet

D. kiloliters

One way plants and animals are alike is that they both —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 m

ove

to g

et th

eir f

ood

mak

e th

eir o

wn food

use

car

bon dio

xide

use

oxy

gen

25% 25%25%25%

A. move to get their food

B. make their own food

C. use carbon dioxide

D. use oxygen

A new medication dissolves blood clots. However, if too much is used, excessive bleeding occurs. Which method should scientists use to determine the best

dosage of this new medication?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Use people of many different ages as test

subjects

B. Have the test subjects eat a wide variety of foods with the medication

C. Change the times the medication is given to determine if timing affects bleeding

D. Vary only the dosages of the medication while keeping everything else constant

Suppose that in a certain area, mice are the main food source for wolves. Based on the

graph, in which year would there be the least amount of competition among wolves for food.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. 1975

B. 1980

C. 1985

D. 1990

Some students counted the birds in an area. They counted the number of species present and the number of birds in each species. Which of these would be best

to use to report the results?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. B.

C. D.

Which amphibian is most aquatic?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. B.

C. D.

In humans, which of these is requiredfor carrying oxygen from the lungs to

body cells?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. Plasma

B. Platelets

C. Red blood cells

D. White blood cells

The primary producer in the ecosystem below is the —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. plant

B. rabbit

C. hawk

D. fox

During mitosis, the doubling ofchromosomes ensures that both

new cells —

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. have identical genetic makeup

B. are twice the size of the parent cell

C. serve different functions

D. remain attached to each other

Many living organisms have body structures that go from very simple to very complex.

Which of these places the structures in the correct order, from least complex to most

complex?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%

A. System, organ, tissue, cell

B. Organ, tissue, cell, system

C. Cell, system, organ, tissue

D. Cell, tissue, organ, system

Which of the following is an example of a decomposer at work

in the food web?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

25% 25%25%25%A. A tree growing in a field

B. A grasshopper eating leaves

C. A seagull catching a fish

D. A fungus growing on a log