QUIZ TIME20 minutes

The Empire Begins

Civil war destroyed remains of the Republic

3 supporters of Caesar rose against the assassins Octavian - Caesar’s adopted

son Mark Antony - experienced

general Lepidus - powerful politician

43 B.C. ruled Rome as Second Triumvirate 10 years

The Second Triumvirate

Second Triumvirate Drama

Octavian forced Lepidus to retire Antony and Octavian became rivals Antony fell in love with Cleopatra, followed her to

Egypt Octavian accused Antony of ruling Rome from

Egypt Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra at battle

of Actium in 31 B.C. Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide

Augustus Caesar

Octavian became unchallenged ruler of Rome

Accepted titles of Augustus and Imperator

Began time of peace in Rome Pax Romana

Empire now ruled by one man

A Vast and Powerful Empire

Rome at peak of power 27 B.C. to 180 A.D.

Peace reigned in empire for 207 years A time known as Pax

Romana – “Roman peace”

•3 million square miles in size•Population of 60-80

million•1 million people lived in Rome itself

Map of Roman Empire

A Stable Government

Held empire together by efficient government and smart rulers

Augustus was Rome’s most able emperor

Augustus’s Reforms

Stabilized the frontier Glorified Rome with beautiful public buildings Created a long-lasting system of government Set up a civil service

Paying workers to manage government affairs Ex. Tax collection, postal system

Included plebeians and slaves Allowed them to help administer the empire

Accomplishments of Augustus

Augustus Dies• Augustus died in 14 A.D.• But government remained stable

• B/c of civil servants performing day to day operations

•Romans controlled empire from Spain to Persia, North Africa to Britain•Very diverse empire – people of different languages, cultures, customs

Roman Empire 200 A.D.

Agriculture and Trade 90% of people in the Empire

farmed People survived on food

produced in their local area Additional food, luxuries were

obtained through trade Vast trading network

Ships protected by Roman navy Traded w/ Greece, Anatolia, India,

China Common currency – the

denarius made trade easier Silver coin introduced during

Augustus’s time

Roads of Rome Also had a network of roads connecting

Rome to places like Persia, Southern Russia

Ancient Roads of Rome

The Roman World

Discipline Strength Loyalty Power Usefulness Gravitas – dignity,

duty

Most lived in countryside Farmers

Philosophers, slaves, merchants, soldiers, and foreigners all shared the cities

Very diverse

Values Lifestyle

Slaves and Captivity

1/3 of population Most were conquered

peoples Could be bought &

sold Property of their owner

Treated as their masters saw fit

Worked in cities, on farms

Often treated poorly

Some were forced to become gladiators

Rebellion was common

Slaves

Gods and Goddesses

Numina – spirits, forces that resided in everything

Lares – guardian spirits of each family

Gave names to gods, goddesses

Honored them through various rituals

Linked w/ government

Important gods/goddesses: Jupiter Juno Minerva

Also required to worship the emperor

Gods and Goddesses

Society and Culture

Lived extravagantly Spent $ on homes,

gardens, salves, luxuries

Hosted banquets for hours

Served expensive foods

Most people were unemployed

Supported by daily ration of grain

Lived in rundown tenements

The Wealthy The Poor

Society and Culture

Government provided games, races, mock battles, gladiator contests to control/distract people

150 holidays a year for events like this Held at the Colosseum – 50,000 people Combat b/w people, animals, etc.

Games and Entertainment

Christianity Emerges Christianity began to emerge, but not

without brutality and hardship

For next class… Read Chapter 6, Section 3 Blog Post Terms due:

March 26 – ODD March 27 - EVEN