Life FunctionsDo NowBrainstorm: What makes a rock nonliving and a horse living?

What is Biology?Study of life and living things

Living Things?There are essential life processes necessary for every living organism. Living organisms:1. Made up of cells 2. Grow & development3. Need materials & energy– Respiration– Nutrition

4. Excrete waste5. Respond to the environment 6. Reproduce

VOCAB:Organisms = Living Things

1. Made up of Cell(s)

Cells are the basic unit of life! – You just need 1

All life is made of one or more cells– Unicellular: made of one cell only (amoeba, bacteria)– Multicellular: made of many cells (you!)

Most common life forms on Earth are single celled

Some cells have specific functions. Put them altogether, they make a multicellular organism– Example: Muscle cells, bone cells, neurons

2. Growth & DevelopmentGrowth: Increase in size and/or the number of cells of an organism– Every organism has their own pattern of growth

Flies – start as eggs, then become maggots (larva) and then become flies.

Humans – Develop specialized cells in the womb, are born and then grow bigger (more cells).

I’m a baby; I’m just hanging out.Take care of me.

I love my Living Environment Class with Mr. Bamberger!

Cells

We start as one cell, fertilized egg. Every cell in our body comes from that first cell!

Cell #1

3. Need materials & energyTo carry on life functions, organisms need a source of energy

Nutrition: Obtaining materials from the environment and using them for energy and growth.

Ingestion – taking in of foodDigestion – big molecules broken down into small moleculesAbsorption – broken down nutrients absorbed into cellsExcretion – waste removal

3. Need materials & energyTo carry on life functions, organisms need a source of energy

Respiration: Process by which energy is obtained from the broken down food. It’s then stored in a form that can be used to carry on life processes (ATP)

Cellular Respiration

Breathing

Transport

Absorption – end products of digestion and chemical reactions are distributed and taken into cells

Body Systems Involved inMaterial Ingestion and Transport

Digestive System, Respiratory system and Circulatory System

Hold Up

What is the smallest a living organism can be?

You think you found a new life form. How can you tell if it is living?

So far, what do organisms need to be considered living?

DO NOW

1. What is an organism?2. What is the smallest unit of life that is living?

Why?3. What 2 body systems are involved with material

ingestion?4. What are some substances we excrete?

4. Removal of WastesExcretion: Removal of wastes from an organism.– Substances include: urine, sweat, CO2, H20 etc… All are

produced in the cells as a result of their life processes (metabolism)

– Without removal of wastes, they can become toxic

Metabolism

Metabolism – sum total of all the life functions of an organism, including all the chemical reactions (breaking down or building materials)

Breaking down – A bowl of pasta is digested and broken down into simple molecular sugars

Synthesis – (Building up / Building) Chemical reaction where large molecules are produced from smaller molecules

Body System involved in Excrement

Excretory system!

5. Respond to the Environment Organisms react to their surroundings:– Temperature, touch, light,

Example: A plant seed can germinate (begin to grow) only when there is sufficient water and the ground is warm enough

Example: WE SWEAT! Why?

Body system involved in Responding to Environment

(part of body Regulation)

Nervous system & muscular system

Do Now: (7)

1. What is the difference between:– Aerobic– Anaerobic

2. What is metabolism?

6. ReproductionProduction of new individuals

– Genetic information (DNA)passed to offspring

*Not necessary for the life of a single organism

*Is necessary for the continued existence of a particular kind of organism (species)

Species – Organisms that can reproduce by interbreeding among themselves

Body system involved in Reproduction

Reproductive system

ReproductionAsexual Reproduction – creating new individuals from one parent (mitosis)

Sexual Reproduction – creating new individuals from two parents

Asexual Reproduction: One ParentSexual Reproduction: Two Parents

Lame You complete

me

Do Now: (4,6)

1. Do all organisms need oxygen to live?

2. What is the difference between:– Aerobic– Anaerobic

3. What is the difference between – Asexual– Sexual

Homeostasis Homeostasis: maintaining an internal stable environment– The life functions we mentioned work towards maintaining

homeostasis.

It’s 98 degrees F outside. You start to sweat… why?

You haven’t eaten for 2 days, your stomach grumbles… why?

You eat bad Chinese food, and you get sick…why?

Maintaining HomeostasisNegative feedback:– A change in a system causes a response that tends to

return that system to its original state

Example:– Temperature drops, your body gets colder than it should

be… You begin to SHIVER• Body temperature rises as a result!

– Body has certain blood sugar level; Too much sugar = body releases insulin to break down the sugar and keep your body’s blood-sugar level constant

To recap, There are 8 life functions you must remember:(How could we describe using what we know?)

GrowthRespirationRegulationReproductionNutritionExcretionTransportSynthesis

GRRRNETS

Regulation – the control and coordination of the activities of an organism