HabEx: Notional Mission Properties and Science Applications.
life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing...
Transcript of life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing...
![Page 1: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx
Shawn Domagal-Goldman
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Deputy Study Scientist, LUVOIR
Science and Technology Definition Team member, HabEx
… and WFIRST
![Page 2: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Image from STScI data from Turnbull et al.
Image from NASA
![Page 5: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Meadows, 2016
![Page 6: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Is the flux our biosignature? O2 Generation Mechanism Stellar Host O2 Column Depth
(molecules/cm2) O3 Column Depth (molecules/cm2)
O2 production rate (molecules/cm2/s)
Modern Earth Biology G-type star ~5×1024 ~6×1018 ~1×1019
Archean Earth Biology G-type star ~4×1016 ~8×1011 ~3×1011
Photochemistry (Harman et al.)
G-type star ~2×1019 ~7×1014
~1×1012
Photochemistry (Harman et al.)
M-type star ~2×1023 ~3×1018 ~3×1011
H escape (Luger et al., Schwieterman et al.)
M-type star ~1×1026 ~2×1019
~3×1012
![Page 7: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
/HabEx
![Page 9: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
NASA/JPL
![Page 10: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
NASA/JPL
![Page 11: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Crab Nebula with HST ACS/WFC, Credit: NASA / ESA
Difference between LUVOIR and HabEx ? Both LUVOIR and HabEx have two primary science goals
Habitable exoplanets & biosignatures
Broad range of general astrophysics
The two architectures will be driven by difference in focus
For LUVOIR, both goals are on equal footing. LUVOIR will be a general purpose “great
observatory”, a successor to HST and JWST in the ~ 8 – 16 m class
HabEx will be optimized for exoplanet imaging, but also enable a range of general
astrophysics. It is a more focused mission in the ~ 4 – 8 m class
Similar exoplanet goals, differing in quantitative levels of ambition
HabEx will explore the nearest stars to “search for” signs of habitability & biosignatures via
direct detection of reflected light
LUVOIR will survey more stars to “constrain the frequency” of habitability & biosignatures
and produce a statistically meaningful sample of exoEarths
The two studies will provide a continuum of options for a range of futures
![Page 12: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
HST/WFIRST 2.4 m
HabEx ~4 m
JWST/HabEx ~6.5 m
LUVOIR ~9 m
LUVOIR ~16 m
![Page 13: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
UV oxygen emission from
Europa water vapor jets
observed with HST
Credit: NASA/ESA/L. Roth/SWRI/University of Cologne
For illustration …
HST
resolution
2.4-m
LUVOIR
resolution
16-m 9-m
HabEx
resolution
6.5-m 4-m
![Page 14: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ExoEarth candidates as function of aperture
If frequency of habitable conditions is 10%,
need 30 candidates to guarantee seeing one true exoEarth
(at 95% confidence)
4-m ~ 6 earth candidates
8-m ~ 25 earth candidates
16-m ~ 100 earth candidates
Stark et al. (2014)
![Page 16: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
0
50
100
150
200
Yie
ld
0
50
100
150
200
Yie
ld
D = 12 m D = 4 m
Ho
t
Wa
rm
Co
ld
Ho
t
Wa
rm
Co
ld
Ho
t
Wa
rm
Co
ld
Ho
t
Warm
Co
ld
Ho
t
Warm
Co
ld
Ho
t
Warm
Co
ld
C. Stark, Using SAG13 Occurrence Rates
Planet Diversity Yields
![Page 17: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
D = 12 m D = 4 m
R = 70
SNR ~ 10
R = 300
SNR ~ 17
200 hr observations of
Earth @ 10 pc
17
O2 O2!
J. Tumlinson’s Online Spectra Tool (Tumlinson, Robinson, Arney, et al)
![Page 18: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ford et al., 2013
![Page 19: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cowan et al., 2009
![Page 20: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Notional LUVOIR/ HabEx instruments
Vector vortex coronagraph
(Credit: D. Mawet)
Suppress star
Transmit planet
Observational challenge
Faint planets next to bright stars
Solution
OBSCURA
Optical-IR Band Spectroscopy and
Coronagraph for Rocky Atmospheres Contrast < 10-10 to observe exoEarths
Low resolution spectroscopy (R > 150)
Baseline bandpass: 0.4 μm to 1.8 μm
Ambitious bandpass: 0.2 μm to 2.4 μm
No space-based analog
![Page 21: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Observational challenge
No UV through Earth’s atmosphere
Solution
LUMOS
(LUVOIR UV Multi-Object Spectrograph)
Far-UV to near-UV spectroscopy
High resolution (R ~ 105) spectroscopy
Med. res. multi-object spectroscopy
Near-UV imaging
Major upgrade of HST STIS
HST STIS UV instrument
Notional LUVOIR/ potential HabEx instruments
![Page 22: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Observational challenge
Imaging wide fields at high resolution
Solution
High-Definition Imager
4 – 6 arcmin field-of-view
Optical to near-IR bandpass
Possibly high precision astrometry to
measure planet masses
Major upgrade of HST WFC3 HST Wide Field Camera 3
Notional LUVOIR/ potential HabEx instruments
![Page 23: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Observational challenge
Measuring warm molecules present in
Earth’s atmosphere
Solution
Optical / Near-IR Spectrograph
Multiple resolutions up to R ~ 105
High photometric precision for transits
Possibly high precision RV to measure
planet masses
No space-based analog
Credit: Natasha Batalha
ESPRESSO spectrograph for VLT
(Credit: ESO)
Notional LUVOIR instruments
![Page 24: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Technological challenges
Compatibility of UV and coronagraphy
New lab work shows UV reflective mirrors are just fine for coronagraphy
Ultra-high contrast observations with a segmented telescope
Coronagraphs can be designed for segmented telescopes.
Working hard to demonstrate needed system stability
Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing
Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development
Starshade Deployment, Edge Tolerance, and Formation Flying
Lots of progress on deployment, both from JPL testbed and via JWST sunshield
Formation flying likely not limiting, but slewing of the starshade may limit # of observations
Edge tolerance currently the one of the biggest challenges for starshades.
![Page 25: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
NASA JPL
STScI Princeton
![Page 26: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: life detection capabilities of LUVOIR and HabEx...Need heavy lift launch vehicle with large fairing Suitable vehicles (SLS and commercial) in development Starshade Deployment, Edge](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060806/608b87133fe84f4b4257084a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
From J. Crist via M. Bolcar