LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY - Asfaltblij€¦ · For the 2018 Eurobitume update, 4 main topics are...
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LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY
Transcript of LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY - Asfaltblij€¦ · For the 2018 Eurobitume update, 4 main topics are...
LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY
• Goal: provide inventory data on the bitumen production as a building block for further implementation in LCIs & LCAs of products using bitumen
• Audience: bitumen customers, specifiers, procurement agencies…
• Product under study:• 1 t paving grade bitumen, EN 12591
• System boundary; Cradle-to-refinery gate study
• Current status: Final draft in verification process
EUROBITUME LCI - GOAL & SCOPE
EUROBITUME BENELUX: LCI & LCA
INTRODUCTION
1. Crude oil extraction data
• Update of data
• Not a single year, but a 5 year period
2. Crude basket
• Revision of crude basket to be more
representative to crude oils used for bitumen
production
3. Crude transport
• Update of shipping data and update of transport
due to revised crude basket
4. Refining allocation
• Thermodynamic approach
5. Storage – no change
For the 2018 Eurobitume update,
4 main topics are revised.
Disclaimer: Report is still under a
final revision and some small
changes on figures remain
possible.
UPDATE OF THE CRUDE OIL EXTRACTION DATA
• Data is derived from the
International Oil & Gas Producers’
Association (IOGP)
Environmental Performance
Indicators reports, the most
recent being 2017.
• Data available from IOGP are
believed to be the most reliable
source for crude oil extraction.
• Data for crude oil extraction are
averaged over a 5 year period
(2013 – 2017).
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Afr
ica
Asia
/Au
str
ala
sia
Euro
pa
FS
U
Mid
dle
Ea
st
Nort
h A
me
rica
Sou
th &
Ce
ntr
al A
meri
ca
CO
2e
em
issio
ns
(to
ns
pe
r 1
00
0 to
ns)
Average 2013 - 2017
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Afr
ica
Asia
/Au
str
ala
sia
Euro
pe
FS
U
Mid
dle
Ea
st
Nort
h A
me
rica
Sou
th &
Ce
ntr
al A
meri
ca
CO
2e
em
issio
ns
(to
ns
pe
r 1
00
0 t
on
s)
Average 2003 - 2017
UPDATE OF THE CRUDE OIL EXTRACTION DATA(CO2e IN TONS PER 1000 TONS)
• In the previous LCI data from a
single year, 2009, were used.
• However, differences in
reporting suggest that data
from single years may not
provide a representative
picture, therefore mean values
of the reported data for the
years 2013 – 2017 were
selected for this report.
0
50
100
150
200
250
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
201
7
Europe
CO2e emissions (t/10^3t))
0
50
100
150
200
250
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
201
7
Middle East
CO2e emissions (t/10^3t))
0
50
100
150
200
250
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
201
7
FSU
CO2e emissions (t/10^3t))
0
50
100
150
200
250
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
201
7
South & Central America
CO2e emissions (t/10^3t))
REVISION OF THE CRUDE BASKET
• The European Union collects
information on crude oil
consumption within the EU but
these are not representative of
the typical crude oils used for
bitumen manufacture.
• A review was conducted to
develop a revised diet.
• The revised figures were
reviewed by Concawe and are
believed to represent a
contemporary typical crude diet
for bitumen production.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
FSU Middle East South America Europe
2012 2018
BITUMEN EMISSIONS –CO2e (GRAM PER TON)
Change due to updated extraction data and revised crude basket.
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
Cru
de
Extr
actio
n
Cru
de
Tra
nsp
ort
Re
fin
ing
Sto
rag
e
To
tal
Note: some input values are still under final revision and small changes remain possible.
20122018
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000C
rud
e E
xtr
actio
n
Cru
de
Tra
nsp
ort
Re
fin
ing
Sto
rag
e
To
tal
CRUDE OIL TRANSPORTATION
• Crude oils for European
bitumen production are
mainly transported to the
refinery by ship.
• The exception is Former
Soviet Union crude oil, that is
partly transported by pipeline.
• In this study it is assumed
that the FSU crude oil is
transported from the
Samara area to the Baltic
Sea by the Baltic Pipeline
System (BPS) and then,
from the Baltic Sea to the
ARA region, by ship.
CRUDE OIL TRANSPORTATION
• Fuel consumption is highly functional of the ship’s
speed.
• Average speed of tankers is 10 to 15 knots and in
this revision a speed of 13.5 knots is used (as in the
2012 report).
• A new ship is used.
• For pipeline transport It is assumed that electricity
was produced by a diesel generator consuming 2
litres of diesel per kWh
• This value is a significant change from the 2012
report and the energy consumption is taken from
EcoInvent ver 3.3.
• This is a conservative assumption as it is known
that some of the power consumed is also produced
by gas-driven generators and some comes directly
from the grid.
Source: Wartsila Aframax Design
10,8
15
20
25,9
2931,7
36,3
40,5
45,8
52,4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Fu
el co
nsu
mp
tio
n (
MT
/da
y)
Vessel speed (knots)
BITUMEN EMISSIONS –CO2e (GRAM PER TON)
Some changes as revised crude basket influenced shipping distances.
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
160.000
Cru
de
Extr
actio
n
Cru
de
Tra
nsp
ort
Re
fin
ing
Sto
rag
e
To
tal
Note: some input values are still under final revision and small changes remain possible.
20122018
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
160.000C
rud
e E
xtr
actio
n
Cru
de
Tra
nsp
ort
Re
fin
ing
Sto
rag
e
To
tal
REFINING BITUMEN MANUFACTURE
• The allocation of energy and emissions
at the refining level is complex due to
the numerous coproducts produced
during the distillation process.
• An economic allocation was used in
the previous LCI,
• This is the method used within the
refinery to determine a relative value
for different oil products.
• However, the process of distillation is
governed by the thermodynamic
principals governing change-of-state
(from liquid to vapour), therefore an
approach based on this is used.
Atm
osp
heri
c D
isti
llati
on
Vacu
um
Dis
till
ati
on
Distillates
to other
refinery
units
Gas, Propane, Butane
Gasoline
Kerosene
Gasoil
Fuel Oil
Non-distilled
Fraction
Vacuum
Gasoil
BITUMEN
CRUDE
OIL
BITUMEN EMISSIONS –CO2e (GRAM PER TON)
Changed allocation approach has some impact on the refining emissions
0
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
Cru
de
Extr
actio
n
Cru
de
Tra
nsp
ort
Re
fin
ing
Sto
rag
e
To
tal
Note: some input values are still under final revision and small changes remain possible.
2018 2012
0
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000C
rud
e E
xtr
actio
n
Cru
de
Tra
nsp
ort
Re
fin
ing
Sto
rag
e
To
tal
BITUMEN EMISSIONS –CO2e (GRAM PER TON)
Finally, the revision results in ~ 145 kg CO2e per tonne of bitumen.
0
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
Cru
de
Extr
actio
n
Cru
de
Tra
nsp
ort
Re
fin
ing
Sto
rag
e
To
tal
Note: some input values are still under final revision and small changes remain possible.
20122018
0
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000C
rud
e E
xtr
actio
n
Cru
de
Tra
nsp
ort
Re
fin
ing
Sto
rag
e
To
tal
WHAT DOES THIS FIGURE INDICATE AND HOW TO USE IT?
• The LCI calculation is based upon a hypothetical refinery, based on the ARA
region and running a typical crude diet used for bitumen production.
• The LCI data are valid for bitumen produced and loaded in a European refinery.
• it is a “cradle to gate” study.
• The figure represent an average value applicable to bitumen produced in any
refinery in Europe.
• Transport to customer and/or depot is not included in this LCI figure.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
