Life by the water

Examining our water

This experience is a first approach to the laboratory work

•Water is an essential resource for living systems, industrial processes, agricultural production and domestic use.

Lab activity

•Each country has taken samples of water and analyzed them a number of parameters using several easy methods.

• The principal factors that are taken into consideration when determining water quality are:

• Temperature• pH• Density• trace elements

such as chloride ion Cl- , calcium ion Ca2+

• turbidity

Our water• Bulgaria:

• Lake Mandra: Lake Mandrensko or Lake Mandra is the southernmost of the Burgas Lakes, located in the immediate proximity of the Black Sea and close to Burgas.

• Aheloy river: The Aheloy River or Achelous is a river in eastern Bulgaria. It originates in the Aytos-Karnobat mountain, 1.5 kilometres from Dryankovets, and flows directly into the Black Sea south of the village of Aheloy.

•Slaveeva river

•Black sea

• Germany:• Düssel river: River that flows through The

Neandertal valley. This small valley belongs to the area of the towns Erkrath and Mettmann

• Romania:• Coastal Tasaul Lake (area 23.35 km2, max.

depth 3.75 m) near Constanta on the Romanian Black Sea is an important ecosystem changed by a complex man-made canal system from saline into freshwater and threatened by various polluters (eutrophication) and fishing over-exploitation.

• Siutghiol lake :Siutghiol is a lagoon (a body of shallow sea water or brackish water separated from the sea by some form of barrier) in Northern Dobruja, Romania. It extends over 20 km² and has a maximum depth of 18 m.

• In winter, up to 90% of its surface may be covered by ice. The name of the lake comes from the Turkish Sütgöl, meaning "the milk lake".

•Lake Tabacarie•Black sea•White Gate Canal Midia Navodari

• Spain:• Guadalquivir River: The Guadalquivir

is the fifth longest river in the Iberian peninsula and the second widest.

• It borders Doñana National Park reserve.The Guadalquivir river is the only great navigable river in Spain. Currently it is navigable to Seville, but in Roman times it was navigable to Córdoba.

• Turkey:• Kizilirmak river :

–Turkish: Kızılırmak, "Red River"), also known as the Halys River (Ancient Greek: Ἅλυς), is the longest river in Turkey. It is a source of hydroelectric power and is not used for navigation.

• Yesilirmak river: –Turkish: Yeşilırmak 'Green River';

classical Greek: Ίρις, Iris) is a river in northern Turkey. From its source north-east of Sivas, it flows past Tokat and Amasya, and reaches the Black Sea at Samsun after 418 km (260 miles).

• Black sea:

– An inland sea bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean Sea region of the Mediterranean.

• These waters separate eastern Europe and western Asia. The Black Sea also connects to the Sea of Azov by the Strait of Kerch

•Spring water

•We are going to compare the data obtained. Further research could be done with these data but it would require much longer.

Black sea• Studying:

TemperaturepHDensity

Temperature

Bulgaria Rumania Turkey

TºC 12 16 15

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

TºC

TºC

• Temperature influences the amount of dissolved oxygen in water which in turn influences the survival of aquatic organisms (raising the temperature of a freshwater stream from 20 to 30oC will decrease the dissolved oxygen )

pH• In chemistry , pH is a measure of the

acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Pure water is said to be neutral, with a pH close to 7.0 at 25 ºC. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline.

The acceptable pH range for most fish species is 6.8-8.5

pH

7,4 7,6 7,8 8 8,2 8,4

Turkey

Romania

Bulgary

Black sea

pH

Density

• The density of water is approximately one thousand kilogram per cubic meter.More precisely, it is dependent on its temperature but the relation is not linear

Temp (°C) Density (kg/m3)

+100 958.4

+80 971.8

+60 983.2

+40 992.2

+30 995.6502

+25 997.0479

+22 997.7735

+20 998.2071

Density

Bulgaria Rumania Turkey990

995

1000

1005

1010

1015

1020

Density (S.I)

Density (S.I)

Black sea

• Presence of:–Organic matter -Mud–Oil -Weed–Lather -Odour–Dead fish -Gas oil

Sample Organic matter

Muddy

Oil Weed

Lather Urban rubbish

Odour

Dead fishes

Gas oil

Black seaBulgaria no yes no ye

sno no no no n

oRomania yes no no ye

syes no ye

sno n

oTurkey yes yes no ye

sno no no no n

o

Why are these ions studied?

• Pb2+ Lead is known to be

toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic in human beings

• Ca2+

Hard water has high concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. It isn’t unhealthy

• Cu 2+small amounts are required for health, but excess copper can generate free radicals and cause inflammation or toxicity

• Cl - • Ion presents in sea water. It’s one of

the components of Halite or cooking salt NaCl

• Many aquatic organisms can only survive in a narrow range of salt concentrations since salt controls their osmotic pressure

• HCO3-

• This factor is a characteristic of the source of water and the natural processes taking place at any given time.

• Presence of ions:–Pb2+ NO–Cl- YES–HCO3

- NO/Low

–Cu 2+ NO–Ca2+ YES

Rivers

• Aheloy river (Bulgaria)• Slaveeva river (Bulgaria) • Düssel river (Germany)• Guadalquivir river (Spain)• Kizilirmak river (Turkey)• Yesilirmak river (Turkey)

Aheloy river (Bulgaria)

Slaveeva river (Bulgaria)

Düssel river (Germany)

Guadalquivir river (Spain)

Kizilirmak river (Turkey)

Yesilirmak river (Turkey)

Our rivers

• Studying:

TemperaturepHDensity

Temperature

Aheloy Slaveeva Guadalquivir Kizilirmak Yesilirmak

TºC 16 18 25 17 16

2.5

7.5

12.5

17.5

22.5

TºC

TºC

pH

Aheloy

Slaveeva

Guadalquivir

Kizilirmak

Yesilirmak

Düssel

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

pH

pH

Density

Aheloy Slaveeva Guadalquivir Kizilirmak Yesilirmak Düssel0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Density (S.I)

Density (S.I)

• Presence of:–Organic matter -Mud–Oil -Weed–Lather -Odour–Dead fish -Gas oil

Sample Organic matter

Muddy

Oil Weed Lather

Urban rubbish

Odour

Dead fishes

Gas oil

BulgariaAheloy

Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No

BulgariaSlaveeva

Yes No No Yes No No No No No

GermanyDüssel

Yes No No Yes No Yes No No No

Sample Organic matter

Muddy

Oil Weed

Lather Urban rubbish

Odour

Dead fishes

Gas oil

SpainGuadalquivir

no yes no yes

no yes no no no

Turkey Kizilirmak

yes no no no no no no no no

Turkey Yesilirmak

yes no no No no no no no no

• Presence of ions:–Pb2+ NO–Cl- NO /YES (Spain,Turkey)–HCO3

- Low

–Cu 2+ NO–Ca2+ YES

Lakes

• Mandra lake (Bulgary)• Tasaul lake ( Romania)• Siutghiol lake (Romania)• Tabacarie lake ( Romania)

Mandra lake

Tasaul lake

Siutghiol lake

Tabacarie lake

Our lakes

• Studying:

TemperaturepHDensity

Temperature

Mandra Tasaul Siutghiol Tabacarie

TºC 20 14 14 15

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

TºC

TºC

pH

Mandra

Tasaul

Siutghiol

Tabacarie

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

pH

pH

Density

MandraTasaul

SiutghiolTabacarie

984

986

988

990

992

994

996

998

1000

Density (S.I)

Density (S.I)

• Presence of:–Organic matter -Mud–Oil -Weed–Lather -Odour–Dead fish -Gas oil

Sample Organic matter

Muddy

Oil Weed

Lather

Urban rubbish

Odour

Dead fishes

Gas oil

BulgariaMandra

Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No

RomaniaTassaul

Yes No No No Yes No Yes No No

RomaniaSiutghiol

Yes No No No Yes No Yes No No

RomaniaTabacarie

Yes No No No Yes No No No No

• Presence of ions:–Pb2+ NO–Cl- NO /YES (Romania)–HCO3

- No

–Cu 2+ NO–Ca2+ YES