Most Frequently Asked Questions Have you ever noticed any of your family members , relatives

or friends that after walking for a certain distance, they come

across a sudden heaviness near the left arm and take rest. If

so what do you think has caused him or her this problem?

Why is their an increase in the number of bypass surgeries

every year ?

Why is the government and Agency's such as the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) are taking action to

reduce smoking.

In this presentation I would be talking about:

What is a Coronary Artery

A diagram of the Coronary Arteries

What is Coronary Heart Disease

What are the Causes of Coronary Heart Disease

What are the symptoms which the heart patient goes through

Video clippings of me interviewing a patient (Mr. Seshadri) Treatments to CHD

What is the lifestyle we would follow to prevent Coronary Heart

Disease

• Coronary arteries are arteries that supply oxygen and nutrient filled

blood to the cardiac muscle( heart muscle)

•There are two main coronary arteries: right coronary artery and left coronary artery. Other arteries diverge from these two main arteries and

extend to the bottom portion of the heart.

•Right Coronary Artery - Supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of the

ventricles and the right atrium.

Left Main Coronary Artery - Directs oxygenated blood to the descend

left anterior in a artery and the left circumflex.

(1) “ Coronary Artery." Coronary Artery. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.

<http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/coronary_artery.html

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the cardiac muscles. (2).

Like I said earlier, Coronary Heart disease is not only a major issue in the developing countries but also in the developed countries such as UK . There are about 82,000 deaths because of Coronary Heart Disease in UK.

(2) "Coronary Heart Disease: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007115.htm>.

Saturated Fats: It forms a plaque on the walls of the artery walls. This prevents the coronary heart disease from bringing oxygen and blood. This causes the arteries to become narrower

High Blood Pressure: It damages the internal lining of the artery. When the internal lining of the artery gets damaged , the fats start to deposit in the artery.

High Levels Of Stress: It produces harmful chemicals which damages the cardiac membrane.

Smoking: Carbon monoxide, nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes puts strain to the heart to work faster and damage the lining of the arteries.

.

Thrombosis: It is a blood cloth within the coronary arteries which may narrow the coronary arteries and prevents blood supply to the coronary heart disease.

Diabetes: High blood sugar levels may not directly cause Coronary Heart Disease but instead may cause diabetes. Diabetes may cause Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) because it may cause the lining of blood vessels to become thicker, which can restrict blood flow.\

(4) "Introduction." Introduction. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2013.

<http://bme240.eng.uci.edu/students/07s/dkim/Introduction.html>.

Genes: Some people have genes that have double chances of getting Coronary Heart Disease. Well according to The

Jakarta Post “If you have a relative who died of heart disease

before age 60, your own risk of early heart trouble is higher as

well, a study involving millions of people in Denmark over

three decades has determined .Family history of premature heart disease has long”.

(5) Family History Foretells Early Heart Disease." Home. N.p., n.d.

Web. 23 Sept. 2013.

<http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/08/25/family-

history-foretells-early-heart-disease.html

"Coronary Artery." Coronary Artery. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.

<http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/coronary_artery.html>.

Angina: When there is partial block on the coronary artery , the patients can suffer chest pain which is also known as Angina. Several Angina attacks may cause the patient to face a painful feeling of heaviness or tightness usually in the centre of the chest which may spread to the arms , neck , jaw , back or the stomach.

This picture below shows the typical distributions of Angina(5)

(5) "Health Information." Health Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013. <http://www.migration24x7.org/angina/understanding-angina-or-chest-pain/>.

Heart Attack : Heart Attack is caused when a patient’s arteries have become blocked. Heart Attack may cause permanent damage to the heart muscles. A heart attack can happen at any time, including while you are resting.

During a heart attack a patient may experience:

sweating

lightheadedness

nausea

Breathlessness

However, these symptoms can also be accompanied by a pain that affects the arms (particularly the left arm), the neck and the jaw.

Other than Angina and Heart attack, a patient suffering from Coronary

Heart Disease can also undergo other symptoms such as :

Shortness of breath.

Palpitations (irregular heart beats, or a "flip-flop" feeling in your

chest).

A faster heartbeat.

Weakness or dizziness.

Nausea.

Sweating.

To treat Coronary Heart Diseases , the

doctor would suggest either two ways

which are :

i. Medical

ii. Surgical

Medical Treatments:

Cholesterol Lowering Drugs:To reduce the built up of plaque in the heart’s arteries

Beta Blockers:To slow the heart which increases which decreases the heart need of

oxygen. Calcium Channel Blockers:

This is used to relax the muscles near the Coronary Artery. This allows more blood to flow through the heart. This also helps in controlling high blood pressure

ACE Inhibitors:This allows the blood flow through the heart more easily . This is also helpful

in reducing the heart’s work load. Diuretics :

This lowers the blood pressure in the body which reduces work load in the heart

Surgical Treatments :

Bypass Surgery:Surgeons usually make a cut down the middle of the breastbone to reach your heart. But in some operations the breastbone doesn't need to be cut. This is called minimally invasive surgery.If your surgeon needs to cut your breastbone, you will have a long wound down the middle of your chest. If you have had a vein graft from your leg or an artery graft from your arm, you will have a smaller wound in these places

Beating Heart Surgery :

Beating-heart surgery is a way to perform surgery without stopping the heart. Surgeons use a special device to stabilize the part of the heart on which they are operating. The heart continues to beat and circulate blood to heart muscle during the operation.

Surgery on a stopped heart is common, and some heart procedures can only be performed on a motionless heart so they use a solution known as cardipedia

Stents:

I. A stent is a small mesh tube that's used to treat narrow or weak

arteries.

II. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart to

other parts of your body.A stent is placed in an artery as part of a

procedure called angioplasty .

III. Angioplasty restores blood flow through narrow or blocked arteries.

A stent helps support the inner wall of the artery in the months or

years after angioplasty.

IV. Doctors also may place stents in weak arteries to improve blood

flow and help prevent the arteries from bursting.

Drink enough water a day to prevent Coronary Heart Disease

Make frends to keep company with to reduce the stress levels

Refrain from Smoking- If you don’t smoke PLEASE DON’T START.

Steer clear of all Second hand Smoke. Avoid Passive smoking.

Exercise regularly – Atleast 30 minutes of daily exercise

Keep a watch on weight and BMI

Beware of foods with unhealthy fats and cholesterol- Eat fruits, vegetables and whole grains.

Check blood pressure once in 2 years.

Start checking Cholesterol from the age of 20.

Have a positive mindset which would reduce stress levels Pick a hobby and enjoy your day

"Coronary Artery." Coronary Artery. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.

<http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/coronary_artery.ht

ml>. "Coronary Heart Disease: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." U.S

National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d.

Web. 23 Sept. 2013.

<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007115.htm>. "Treating Coronary Artery Disease (Part 3 of 3) |

HealthiNation." YouTube. YouTube, 20 Jan. 2012. Web. 27 Sept. 2013.

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09QKVr6nVdM>.

"Stents for Blocked Arteries versus Medication and Lifestyle

Changes." YouTube. YouTube, 22 Mar. 2012. Web. 28 Sept. 2013.

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSdF6_1DGls>.

Coronary Artery Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and

Treatment." YouTube. YouTube, 25 Dec. 2011. Web. 27 Sept. 2013.

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZgGTalbtCw>.

"Heart Bypass Surgery (CABG)." YouTube. YouTube, 09 Feb. 2009.

Web. 27 Sept. 2013.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Nf6Q2skGOM

"Introduction." Introduction. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2013.

<http://bme240.eng.uci.edu/students/07s/dkim/Introduction.html>.