Life Blocked

Abhijit Balaji10A

GMIS

INTRODUCTION

Most Frequently Asked Questions Have you ever noticed any of your family members ,

relatives or friends that after walking for a certain distance, they come across a sudden heaviness near the left arm and take rest. If so what do you think has caused him or her this problem?

Why is their an increase in the number of bypass surgeries every year ?

Why is the government and Agency's such as the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) are taking action to reduce smoking.

In this presentation I would be talking about:

What is a Coronary Artery A diagram of the Coronary Arteries What is Coronary Heart Disease What are the Causes of Coronary Heart Disease What are the symptoms which the heart patient goes

through Video clippings of me interviewing a patient (Mr. Seshadri)

Treatments to CHD What is the lifestyle we would follow to prevent Coronary

Heart Disease

Coronary Arteries• Coronary arteries are arteries that supply oxygen and nutrient filled blood to the cardiac muscle( heart muscle)

•There are two main coronary arteries: right coronary artery and left coronary artery. Other arteries diverge from these two main arteries and extend to the bottom portion of the heart.

•Right Coronary Artery - Supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of the ventricles and the right atrium.

Left Main Coronary Artery - Directs oxygenated blood to the descend left anterior in a artery and the left circumflex. 

This diagram below shows where the Coronary Arteries are located in the heart

(1) “ Coronary Artery." Coronary Artery. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/coronary_artery.html

Coronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a narrowing of the

coronary arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the cardiac muscles. (2).

Like I said earlier, Coronary Heart disease is not only a major issue in the developing countries but also in the developed countries such as UK . There are about 82,000 deaths because of Coronary Heart Disease in UK.

(2) "Coronary Heart Disease: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007115.htm>.

Causes of Coronary Heart Disease

Saturated Fats: It forms a plaque on the walls of the artery walls. This prevents the coronary heart disease from bringing oxygen and blood. This causes the arteries to become narrower

High Blood Pressure: It damages the internal lining of the artery. When the internal lining of the artery gets damaged , the fats start to deposit in the artery.

High Levels Of Stress: It produces harmful chemicals which damages the cardiac membrane.

Smoking: Carbon monoxide, nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes puts strain to the heart to work faster and damage the lining of the arteries.

.

Continuation of the Causes of Coronary Heart Disease

Thrombosis: It is a blood cloth within the coronary arteries which may narrow the coronary arteries and prevents blood supply to the coronary heart disease.

Diabetes: High blood sugar levels may not directly cause Coronary Heart Disease but instead may cause diabetes. Diabetes may cause Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) because it may cause the lining of blood vessels to become thicker, which can restrict blood flow.\

(4) "Introduction." Introduction. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2013.

<http://bme240.eng.uci.edu/students/07s/dkim/Introduction.html>.

Continuation of the Causes of Coronary Heart Disease.

Genes: Some people have genes that have double chances of getting Coronary Heart Disease. Well according to The Jakarta Post “If you have a relative who died of heart disease before age 60, your own risk of early heart trouble is higher as well, a study involving millions of people in Denmark over three decades has determined .Family history of premature heart disease has long”.

(5) Family History Foretells Early Heart Disease." Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013. <http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/08/25/family-history-foretells-early-heart-disease.html

This diagram below shows the plaque formation in the coronary artery

  "Coronary Artery." Coronary Artery. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.

<http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/coronary_artery.html>.

Symptoms which a person experience when affected by CHD

Angina: When there is partial block on the coronary artery , the patients can suffer chest pain which is also known as Angina. Several Angina attacks may cause the patient to face a painful feeling of heaviness or tightness usually in the centre of the chest which may spread to the arms , neck , jaw , back or the stomach.

This picture below shows the typical distributions of Angina(5)

(5) "Health Information." Health Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013. <http://www.migration24x7.org/angina/understanding-angina-or-chest-pain/>.

Symptoms which a person experience when affected by CHD

Heart Attack : Heart Attack is caused when a patient’s arteries have

become blocked. Heart Attack may cause permanent damage to the heart muscles. A heart attack can happen at any time, including while you are resting.

During a heart attack a patient may experience: sweating lightheadedness nausea Breathlessness

However, these symptoms can also be accompanied by a pain that affects the arms (particularly the left arm), the neck and the jaw.

Symptoms which a person experience when affected by CHD

Other than Angina and Heart attack, a patient suffering from Coronary Heart Disease can also undergo other symptoms such as :

Shortness of breath. Palpitations (irregular heart beats, or a "flip-flop" feeling in your

chest). A faster heartbeat. Weakness or dizziness. Nausea. Sweating.

This Video Clip below shows me interviewing Mr. Sheshadri

Treatment to Coronary Heart Disease

To treat Coronary Heart Diseases , the doctor would suggest either two ways which are :

i. Medical ii. Surgical

Treatment to Coronary Heart Disease

Medical Treatments:

Cholesterol Lowering Drugs: To reduce the built up of plaque in the heart’s arteries Beta Blockers: To slow the heart which increases which decreases the heart need of oxygen. Calcium Channel Blockers: This is used to relax the muscles near the Coronary Artery. This allows more

blood to flow through the heart. This also helps in controlling high blood pressure ACE Inhibitors: This allows the blood flow through the heart more easily . This is also helpful in

reducing the heart’s work load. Diuretics : This lowers the blood pressure in the body which reduces work load in the heart

Treatment to Coronary Heart Disease

Surgical Treatments :

Bypass Surgery: Surgeons usually make a cut down the middle of the breastbone to reach your

heart. But in some operations the breastbone doesn't need to be cut. This is called minimally invasive surgery.If your surgeon needs to cut your breastbone, you will have a long wound down the middle of your chest. If you have had a vein graft from your leg or an artery graft from your arm, you will have a smaller wound in these places

Beating Heart Surgery :

Beating-heart surgery is a way to perform surgery without stopping the heart. Surgeons use a special device to stabilize the part of the heart on which they are operating. The heart continues to beat and circulate blood to heart muscle during the operation.

Surgery on a stopped heart is common, and some heart procedures can only be performed on a motionless heart so they use a solution known as cardipedia

Treatment to Coronary Heart Disease

Stents:

I. A stent is a small mesh tube that's used to treat narrow or weak arteries.

II. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart to other parts of your body.A stent is placed in an artery as part of a procedure called angioplasty .

III. Angioplasty restores blood flow through narrow or blocked arteries. A stent helps support the inner wall of the artery in the months or years after angioplasty.

IV. Doctors also may place stents in weak arteries to improve blood flow and help prevent the arteries from bursting.

My interview with Dr Aloke Mullick regarding Coronary Heart Disease.

Video Clips regarding treatment to CHD ( Bypass Surgery)

This video clip below shows how the bypass surgery is conducted to treat the Blocked Coronary Artery . "Heart Bypass Graft Animation." YouTube. YouTube, 10 Oct. 2010. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymVNmmHc-BQ>.

Video Clips regarding treatment to CHD

This video clip below shows how stenting is conducted to treat the Blocked Coronary Artery and its disadvantages. "Stents for Blocked Arteries versus Medication and Lifestyle Changes." YouTube. YouTube, 22 Mar. 2012. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSdF6_1DGls

Messages

Drink enough water a day to prevent Coronary Heart Disease Make frends to keep company with to reduce the stress levels Refrain from Smoking- If you don’t smoke PLEASE DON’T

START. Steer clear of all Second hand Smoke. Avoid Passive

smoking. Exercise regularly – Atleast 30 minutes of daily exercise Keep a watch on weight and BMI Beware of foods with unhealthy fats and cholesterol- Eat

fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Check blood pressure once in 2 years. Start checking Cholesterol from the age of 20. Have a positive mindset which would reduce stress levels Pick a hobby and enjoy your day

Bibliography

 "Coronary Artery." Coronary Artery. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/coronary_artery.ht

ml>. "Coronary Heart Disease: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." U.S

National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.

<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007115.htm>. "Treating Coronary Artery Disease (Part 3 of 3) |

HealthiNation." YouTube. YouTube, 20 Jan. 2012. Web. 27 Sept. 2013. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09QKVr6nVdM>.

"Stents for Blocked Arteries versus Medication and Lifestyle Changes." YouTube. YouTube, 22 Mar. 2012. Web. 28 Sept. 2013. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSdF6_1DGls>.

Bibliography

Coronary Artery Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment." YouTube. YouTube, 25 Dec. 2011. Web. 27 Sept. 2013. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZgGTalbtCw>.

"Heart Bypass Surgery (CABG)." YouTube. YouTube, 09 Feb. 2009. Web. 27 Sept. 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Nf6Q2skGOM

"Introduction." Introduction. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. <http://bme240.eng.uci.edu/students/07s/dkim/Introduction.html>.