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Life at the turn of the century for African Americans Violence KKK: threats, intimidation, actual...
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Transcript of Life at the turn of the century for African Americans Violence KKK: threats, intimidation, actual...
Life at the turn of the century for African Americans
Violence KKK: threats, intimidation, actual violence Lynchings: death
“Separate but equal” (Plessy v. Fergusson, 1896) Jim Crowe Laws: segregation by law Voting rights decreased: poll taxes, literacy tests,
grandfather clause (1867’) Disrespect – not making eye contact, tipping hat, et
cetera Not much better in the North (dejure v. defacto
segregation) or West (debt peonage)
What do you do???
Booker T. Washington
1856-1915 – born a slave Economic prosperity through
hard-work & education Founded Tuskegee Normal and
Industrial Institute (Alabama) Industrial education
Focused on education/vocation & due process (legal)
Appease white people – Atlanta Compromise (1895) Did not push social & political (voting) Accommodation/acceptance
Later worked with Roosevelt & Taft
Strengths and Weaknesses of Washington
W.E.B. Dubois 1868-1963 (MA)
How will this time frame impact DuBois???
“All men are created equal” and should be treated COMPLETELY equal Political, social, economic & educational
equality
Achieve these goals through: Talented Tenth – small group, college
education Fight for it! Now! (not advocating physical
violence) The Crisis (EXPOSE INJUSTICE) Sam Hose’s knuckles (1899) "The point is he was black. Blackness must be
punished. Blackness is the crime of crimes ... It is therefore necessary, as every white scoundrel in the nation knows, to let slip no opportunity of punishing this crime of crimes
Niagara Movement (1905) leads to NAACP (1909)
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF DUBOIS
Who is who?
"The wisest of my race understand that the agitation of questions of social equality is the extremest folly and that progress in the enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than artificial forcing. The opportunity to earn a dollar in a factory just now is worth infinitely more than to spend a dollar in an opera house."
"Henceforth, the destiny of the race could be conceived as leading neither to assimilation nor separatism but to proud, enduring hyphenation.“
"Once we were told: Be worthy and fit and the ways are open. Today the avenues of advancement in the army, navy, and civil service, and even in business and professional life, are continually closed to black applicants of proven fitness, simply on the bald excuse of race and color."
What did the two men have in common? The importance of education Need to do something
How did the two men differ?
Washington’s only focus education and fair legal proceedings When: Gradual
Dubois wanted complete equality (social portion weighed heavily on him) When: Now
Whose approach to you agree with?
This change your decision ????
US HISTORY II COMPARING CIVIL RIGHTS STRATEGIES
Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DUBOIS