PA Spatial Solutions Inc.3600, Steeles Av East,Markham

ON, L3R 9Z7, Canada

LiDAR for Roads & Infrastructure

Our solutions for Infrastructure Developments

Roads RailsPower line

Telecom Urban Development Pipeline

4D LiDAR solutions in Transport Infrastructure

Pre - Survey feasibility report / DPR Support

� We start with technical viability study, location & layout

� Engineering survey and investigation, gradient & slope

� Preliminary design support for road, bridges and structures

� Layout of all facilities, features and assets

� Help in BOQ and cost estimate

� Land classification & utility relocation,

� We create contours and digital terrain models

� Route selections

� Road Alignment and land use

Survey Support� Inventory of roads, culverts, bridges, overpass, underpass

� Topographic alignment

� Road inventory survey

� Road condition survey

� Bridge condition survey

� Hydrology survey

� Drainage survey

� Cut and fill material analysis

� Geotechnical survey

� 3d topographic survey

� Generating digital terrain model

� Generating contours

� Horizontal and vertical alignment

� L-Section & Cross sections

� Land plan, ROW and existing assets

Post Survey Support

� Road Design – Data can be imported and used in MXroad

� Site Design

� Area mapping

� Road Alignment

� Asset & feature extraction for inventory count

� Pavement management & rehabilitation

� Right of way

� Establishing benchmark, center line and boundary stones

Companies using LiDAR Techniques

� Civil Engineering Firms

� Municipal Engineering Organizations

� Surveying Companies

� Land & Site Developers

� Landscape designing companies

� Department of Transportation

� National Highway organization

� Design and building Engineers

LiDAR deliverables for Road & Design Engineers

Cross-sections : This 2D section is taken through a point cloud and shows how LiDAR captures details of the terrain

Contour models : One of the most useful formats for engineering purposes is the laser data output as a 2D or 3D contour model in CAD or GIS format. The contour interval can be set to suit the terrain and the usual range is 0.25m, 0.5m,

3D surface : Using image processing software such as Terramodel the 3D surface can be shown as a shaded relief

Outline ground model

A simplified 3D model at 1:500 scale showing selected features such as boundaries, roads, top and bottom of slopes, bridges etc. It is much quicker to produce than the detailed mapping.

Detailed ground model

Outline mapping as above but also including an increased range of features such as vegetation and highway furniture, specified according to the project requirements.

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Formats include : DXF, DGN, DWG, MX GENIO, SHP, XML

LiDAR deliverables for Road & Design Engineers

EarthworksLaser point data outputs such as contour sets together with the high resolution imagery can be used to populate many of the feature fields for earthworks. Site inspections are still required but can be focused just on detection of smaller features such as tension cracks and seepages.

Vegetation : can be determined both from laser data and associated imagery with a high resolution of type, density and heights. Current LiDAR systems have good penetration through most vegetation types to provide ground surface data below canopy.

Drainage : High accurate hydrology model is made using LiDAR data for drainage information

AB

C

Earthwork InventoryContour data provides good definition of earthwork location, extent and geometry –particularly useful at grade separated junctions and where vegetation is extensive. Geo-referenced locations can be extracted.

LiDAR deliverables for Road & Design Engineers

Slope Instability0.25m interval contour datasets can be used to detect and delineate a wide range of earthwork slip features from larger crest-to-toe slips (A) to smaller or early stage slips (B,C). Spreading of the contours (B,C) highlights the midslope decrease in angle and the slight toe bulge in photo B is also visible in the contours. Backscars to 25-30cm height are detectable by contour bunching (C).

section through point data

AB B

C

LiDAR deliverables for Road & Design Engineers

Point data is already classified into ground points and various types of above ground features.

LiDAR deliverables for Road Design Engineers3D Models

Automatic Feature Extraction – Asset Management

Structure measurements such as bridge clearances and parapet heights can be extracted from LiDAR data.

High density point clouds provide a good representation of assets and other features

Accurate location and / or height data can be attributed to all pathway and receptor features. This can then be output as contoured, as shown below.

Accurate location and / or height data can be attributed

LiDAR data for areas already surveyed (e.g. for topographic mapping) is stored in the central archive in a raw format suitable for processing for multiple applications.

Point data is already classified into ground points and various types of above ground features.

Various Attributes of LiDAR data

360 Degree LiDAR DATA

• Scan under bridges

• Wires

• Moving cars

• Road sign inventory

How do we do it with LiDAR

� We provide top of the line surveying and mapping techniques

using proprietary methods & LiDAR hardware and software

� Highly accurate data – 8mm

� Very high resolution and point density - 300,000 pts/sec

� 3mm spot size as compared to 50 cm by satellite

� These cannot be achieved using Total Station or Satellite

Imagery

Comparison between satellite imagery and high resolution LiDAR data

Higher resolution

Laser beam divergence is 0.3milli radianLaser spot size at 100m is 3 cmSatellite imagery pixel size 50cm

Satellite LiDAR

Difference in DETAILS

Comparison between LiDAR and high resolution stereo satellite imagery and aerial photo

We bring NEW TECHNOLOGY & NEW TECHNIQUES to provideImproved accurate information faster

GNSS Receiver delivers the position information to the system

Latitude, Longitude and Altitude

IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) supplies accurate attitude data for the system

Roll, Pitch and Heading information

Odometry information is obtained via external wheel speed sensors or from the vehicle’s CAN bus

We bring NEW TECHNOLOGY & NEW TECHNIQUES to provideimproved accurate information faster

Mapping at New Heights===================================================

� New Laser beam measuring techniques

› Hardware

- GNSS

- IMU

- LiDAR

- Camera

- Computer- DMI

- Encoders

- Mounting

- Navigation

Monitoring aging bridge conditions using LiDAR

LiDAR Solutions to Bridge Conditions

� Aging Bridge Deck Condition – reliable and quantitative data

� Parking Structures, balconies and other structures

� Void Detection and location – Where?

� Bridge deflection and deformations

� Week point analysis

� Estimate structure condition

� Analysis for reinforcement

� Bridge deck thickness

� Pavement management

Bridge Loading Analysis:

Conventional Method Vs LiDAR

Current Method: Deflection Gauges and Stress Monitors

Setup:

• Shut down highway

• Manual placement of stress monitors and deflection gauges – labor intensive

• Inconvenient, dangerous

• 2-3 day job

Execution:

• Restrict bridge access

• Load bridge with variable weights

• Measure deflection

Bridge Loading Analysis performed using LiDAR

Setup:

• Setup unit under bridge

• Unobtrusive, eye safe

• No lane closure necessary

• Fast, safe, convenient

Execution:

• Restrict bridge access

• Scan bridge (no load)

• Scan bridge (with load)

• Direct scan to scan comparison to measure deflection

Bridge Loading Analysis: Case Study

Comparison of Results: LiDAR vs. Deflection Gauge

�LiDAR is able to detect bridge deflection of all three loads

�Detected deflection ~0.010 m

�LiDAR results nearly identical to deflection gauge measurements

DOT Applications

Subsidence MonitoringForensic ID ofrebar placementbefore pour

Bridge Analysis

Road crown/ruttingmeasurementPavement removal/ replacement quantification

Complete surface contour capability

Road Analysis

Bridge Survey while Driving

DOT Applications

Easily identifypavement

Marking/roadcondition

Facilitates rapidDTM generation of

road contours

� LiDAR use in Feature Extraction

�Asset Management

� Road Furniture Record Keeping

GIS Asset Management

• Utility Structure Location

� Fire Hydrants

� Utility Poles & Boxes

� Manhole Covers & Valves

• Road Sign & Traffic Signal

Inventories

• Tree Inventory

• Work Orders

Linear Corridor Mapping

Utility Right-of-ways

Energy Distribution

Roadways

Railways

Parking Lot Assessments

• Condition Assessments:

� Pavement

� Striping

� Lighting

� Signage

� Parking Space Inventory

Fused LiDAR Colored Point cloud

Benefits from use of LiDAR for road mapping :

• Minimal or no roadside exposure of surveyors to traffic

• Minimal or no Traffic Management costs and delays

• Increased speed of data capture and processing

• Reduced survey costs – often over 50% cheaper than ground

survey

• The survey accuracy can be varied across the route corridor to suit

different applications such as route selection, alignment,

earthwork volumes, design, noise mapping etc

• The outline ground model can be produced relatively quickly after

data capture. The detailed ground model can be processed for

selected areas as and when required.

• Imagery and data can be re-processed for other applications –

increases value of data set

• Viewer software enables integrated display of

• GIS Map

• 3D Point Cloud data

• 360 degree imagery

Panoramic and 360 ° Spherical ImagesDeliverables

Long Section created using MicroStation

•Cross Sections•Elevation data on

cross–sections

•Topographic contour maps

•Triangular Irregular Network model

Contour lines made from data captured.

Contour separation 0.5 ft (l), 1 ft

Elevation Cross sections

• Vegetation Analysis

• Infringement Analysis

• Track Clearances

Height of the trees above the top

center of the road

Height of overhead wires above the top of road

• Asset management

• Top-of-rail, switches, frogs,

rail/road crossings, over head

wires/ crossings & signals through

tagging

Switches and signage are clearly visible

Overhead Structures, fences, poles and

storage tanks

What makes us different

� We provide Engineering solution to real life problems

� We back our data with ground control, ground truthing

� We have very rigorous QA/QC techniques

� We follow ASPRS and FEMA standards for LiDAR mapping

� We have subject matter expert in LiDAR, Geomatics, GIS,

Remote Sensing, Engineering and Mapping field

�We Develop custom applications for our clients specific to

their need

Conclusion

LiDAR techniques are less expensive,faster and more accurate when comparedto traditional surveying methods.

Multiple products are extracted from onetime survey using LiDAR hence makes yourproject within budget and time withoutsacrificing quality.

Best in class for surveying DIFFICULTTERRAIN