Libyan security crisis
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Transcript of Libyan security crisis
Libya: Security Crisis
Mohamed Hmouma
Location of Libya
General Background
- Capital – Tripoli- Population 6.5 million- Libya is about the size of Alaska- 97 percent is Muslim- Oil discovered in 1950- Ranked 17 in the world for oil production- Contains 9th largest oil reserves in the world- Classified as upper-middle income by WB
History of Libya
- Ruled by Romans .... - 1551- Ottomans 1551 – 1911- Italians 1911 – 1947 (Italian Libya)- France and Britain 1943 – 1951- Independence 1951- Kingdom 1951 – 1969- Gaddafi’s rule 1969 – 2011 (Arab Spring)- Transitional Governments 2011 - ongoing
Gaddafi’s Libya
- Dictatorship- Censorship, absence of political parties - No constitution- Poor human rights record- State sponsored terrorism and separatist
movements around the world.- Attempts to develop WMD- 2003 abandon WMD – sanctions removed
Gaddafi’s Libya and the International Community
- Gaddafi was anti-Western, broke off relations with Britain and the U.S.
- Libya-Chad war 1978-1987- By the 1980s, the U.S. was accusing Libya of
officially supporting terrorism.- Bombing of Discotheque in Berlin in 1986- In response, the U.S. bombed Libya in 1986.
Gaddafi’s Libya and the International Community
- Bombing of Pan Am flight 103 over Lockerbie in 1988
- Bombing of UTA Flight 772 over Niger in 1989
- UN placed sanctions and a trade embargo on Libya.
- In 1999 Gaddafi handed over the 2 suspects and in 2002 agreed to pay money to Lockerbie victims.
Libyan Revolution 2011
Libyan Revolution 2011
Libya after Gaddafi - NTC
- NTC declared liberation in October 2011.- Restored basic services – electricity, gas,
diesel, water, internet and telephones.- Spread of weapons.- Few clashes still occur between pro- and
anti-Gaddafi militias- Handed over power to GNC through
elections in July 2012.
Libya after GaddafiSpread of Weapons
Libya after Gaddafi - GNC
- Assassinations in Benghazi and Derna- Shelling U.S. Consulate in Benghazi- Separation movements in Eastern part- Oil blockade in the East- Elections for Writing Constitution Committee- Dispute over power – Islamists camp vs.
secular camp- Regional intervention
Two GovernmentsParliament held in Tobruk backed by:
Two Governments
Former Parliament, GNC, in Tripoli backed by:
Recent Developments
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Any Questions?