LIBERTY BELLLIBERTY BELL

Liberty BellLiberty Bell

The The Liberty BellLiberty Bell, in Philadelphia, , in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is one of the most Pennsylvania, is one of the most prominent symbols of the American prominent symbols of the American Revolutionary War. It is a familiar symbol Revolutionary War. It is a familiar symbol of independence within the United States of independence within the United States and has been described as an icon of and has been described as an icon of liberty and justice. liberty and justice.

Its most famous ringing occurred on July Its most famous ringing occurred on July 8, 1776, to summon citizens of 8, 1776, to summon citizens of Philadelphia for the reading of the Philadelphia for the reading of the Declaration of Independence. Historians Declaration of Independence. Historians today consider this highly doubtful, as the today consider this highly doubtful, as the steeple in which the bell was hung had steeple in which the bell was hung had deteriorated significantly by that time deteriorated significantly by that time

The bell had also been rung The bell had also been rung to announce the opening of the First to announce the opening of the First

Continental Congress in 1774 Continental Congress in 1774

after the Battle of Lexington and Concord after the Battle of Lexington and Concord in 1775.in 1775.

"Independence Bell" "Independence Bell"

The Liberty Bell was known The Liberty Bell was known as the "Independence Bell" as the "Independence Bell" or the "Old Yankee's Bell" or the "Old Yankee's Bell" until 1837, when it was until 1837, when it was adopted by the American adopted by the American Anti-Slavery Society as a Anti-Slavery Society as a symbol of the abolitionist symbol of the abolitionist movement. movement.

The inscription on the The inscription on the Liberty Bell Liberty Bell

Proclaim LIBERTY throughout all the Proclaim LIBERTY throughout all the Land unto all the Inhabitants thereof Lev. Land unto all the Inhabitants thereof Lev. XXV XXXV XBy Order of the ASSEMBLY of the By Order of the ASSEMBLY of the Province of PENSYLVANIA for the State Province of PENSYLVANIA for the State House in PhiladaHouse in PhiladaPass and StowPass and StowPhiladaPhiladaMDCCLIIMDCCLII

The source of the inscription is Leviticus The source of the inscription is Leviticus 25:10, which reads 25:10, which reads "And ye shall hallow "And ye shall hallow the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof: it shall be a jubile inhabitants thereof: it shall be a jubile unto you; and ye shall return every man unto you; and ye shall return every man unto his possession, and ye shall return unto his possession, and ye shall return every man unto his family."every man unto his family."

Recasting and hangingRecasting and hanging

While a replacement from Whitechapel was While a replacement from Whitechapel was ordered, the bell was recast by John Dock ordered, the bell was recast by John Dock Pass and John Stow of Philadelphia, whose Pass and John Stow of Philadelphia, whose surnames appear inscribed on the bell. Pass surnames appear inscribed on the bell. Pass and Stow added copper to the composition of and Stow added copper to the composition of the alloy used to cast the bell, and the tone of the alloy used to cast the bell, and the tone of the bell proved unsatisfactory. The two recast the bell proved unsatisfactory. The two recast the bell yet again, restoring the correct balance the bell yet again, restoring the correct balance of metal, and this third bell was hung in the of metal, and this third bell was hung in the steeple of the State House in June 1753. steeple of the State House in June 1753.

19th century19th century

During the 19th century, the bell tolled at During the 19th century, the bell tolled at the death of Alexander Hamilton (1804), the death of Alexander Hamilton (1804), Lafayette's return to Philadelphia (1824), Lafayette's return to Philadelphia (1824), the deaths of Adams and Jefferson the deaths of Adams and Jefferson (1826), Washington's 100th birthday (1826), Washington's 100th birthday celebration (1832) and the deaths of celebration (1832) and the deaths of Lafayette (1834), John Marshall (1835) Lafayette (1834), John Marshall (1835) and William Henry Harrison (1841). and William Henry Harrison (1841).

ReferenceReference

"The Liberty Bell: From Obscurity to Icon". Independence National "The Liberty Bell: From Obscurity to Icon". Independence National Historical Park. October 16, 2006. Historical Park. October 16, 2006. http://www.cr.nps.gov/nR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/36liberty/36liberty.http://www.cr.nps.gov/nR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/36liberty/36liberty.htm. htm.

The spelling "Pensylvania" was an accepted variant at the time. The spelling "Pensylvania" was an accepted variant at the time. "THE LIBERTY BELL". www.whitechapelbellfoundry.co.uk. "THE LIBERTY BELL". www.whitechapelbellfoundry.co.uk.

http://www.whitechapelbellfoundry.co.uk/liberty.htm. Retrieved http://www.whitechapelbellfoundry.co.uk/liberty.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-11. 2009-12-11.

The Liberty Bells of Pennsylvania, Rev. John Baer Stoudt, 1927 The Liberty Bells of Pennsylvania, Rev. John Baer Stoudt, 1927 Liberty Bell Timeline Liberty Bell Timeline

THANKS THANKS

FOR FOR

ATTENTION!ATTENTION!