Liam McGuire (2012). The Ten Cities of Toronto. MA Thesis. Vancouver: Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, with additional cartography by Eric Leinberger.

Urban Studies Program Department of Geography #132-1984 West Mall Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6T 1Z2 Elvin K. Wyly, Associate Professor Telephone 604 682 1750 or 778 899 7906

Urban Research Studio Geography 450 January-May, 2014 Tuesdays, 9:00 am to noon, Geography Room 115 http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~ewyly/g450.html The objectives of this course are to a) learn how to access and analyze publicly available databases of secondary data on urban-geographic processes, b) critically evaluate the use of quantitative and spatial-analytical methods for the study of urban-geographic processes, and c) produce a research manuscript based on the analysis of secondary data, or on the critical analysis

of the use of data by corporations, state institutions, or social movements. For examples of the work that has been produced by students who have taken this course in previous years, see

Larissa Zip, Rebekah Parker, and Elvin Wyly (2013). “Facebook as a Way of Life: Louis Wirth in the Social Network.” The Geographical Bulletin 54(2), 1-26. Elvin Wyly, C.S. Ponder, Pierson Nettling, Sophie Ellen Fung, Zachary Liebowitz, and Dan Hammel (2012). “New Racial Meanings of Housing in America.” American Quarterly 64(3), 571-604. Emily Rosenman, Sam Walker, and Elvin Wyly (2014). “The Shrinkage Machine: Race, Class, and the Renewal of Urban Capital.” In Horace R. Hall, Cynthia Robinson, and Amor Kohi, eds., Shifting Demographics: A Cross-Disciplinary Look at Race and Class in 21st Century America. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, forthcoming.

Various studio materials from previous years are available at http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~ewyly/g450.html

Texts Required:

Alan C. Acock (2010). A Gentle Introduction to Stata. College Station, TX: Stata Press. Choose One:

Larry S. Bourne, Tom Hutton, Richard G. Shearmur, and Jim Simmons, eds. (2011). Canadian Urban Regions: Trajectories of Growth and Change. Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press. Michelle Alexander (2012). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: New Press.

Additional Recommended References:

Richard P. Greene and James B. Pick (2011). Exploring the Urban Community: A GIS Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Martin Cadwallader (1996). Urban Geography: An Analytical Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJP: Prentice-Hall. Ron Johnston (1978). Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Geography: A Primer on the General Linear Model. London: Longman. James E. Burt, Gerald M. Barber, and David L. Rigby (2009). Elementary Statistics for Geographers. New York: Guilford Press. Ronald Abler, John S. Adams, and Peter Gould (1971). Spatial Organization: The Geographer’s View of the World. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. David Harvey (1969). Explanation in Geography. London: Edward Arnold.

Grading Marks are based on attendance and participation (one third), paper-in-progress writing submissions (one third), and a final research paper (one third). Attendance and participation entails short labs and response papers, oral presentation of research results, and co-leading one seminar discussion. Paper-in-progress writing submissions are due January 21, February 25, and March 25. The first submission should be a two-page topic statement; the second submission should be about five pages either in the form of a i) detailed outline, ii) annotated bibliography, iii) preliminary empirical analysis and interpretation, or iv) preliminary draft of a major section of the paper. The third submission should be a draft version of the full final paper.

In choosing a topic, students are encouraged to consider two options: 1) an analysis of urban social and housing inequalities as measured in the Public Use Microdata File for the Census of Canada, or 2) an analysis of racial disparities in urban policing practices as captured in the New York City Police Department’s Stop, Question, and Frisk dataset. Final papers are due no later than 5:00 pm on Friday, April 25, 2014. Papers should be approximately 3,500 words of text, not counting references, tables, maps, chart, or other analytical supplements. Include an abstract of no more than 150 words. Papers must conform to general guidelines at http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~ewyly/guidelines.html Note that our work in this course focuses on the use of existing secondary data without personally identifiable information. While some of the literature we’ll read will include materials from interviews, focus groups, and similar methods, federal and University regulations prohibit research on human subjects without first undergoing formal review and approval for behavioral research ethics. We will not be able to undertake these processes for this course; students interested in these research methods should consider Geography 371, Research Strategies in Human Geography. Schedule The first two weeks are devoted to an introduction of the purpose of the course and some of the urban research projects that will be used to illustrate various analytical techniques. Beginning in the third week, each meeting will be divided into three segments. In the first hour, two or three students will collaborate to lead a panel discussion of readings. Each student should prepare and submit one page of notes for discussion, and be prepared to speak for five or ten minutes on the questions explored in the readings. The second hour will be devoted to laboratory demonstration of analytical methods applied to urban and regional datasets, primarily with the statistical software package STATA. The third hour will be a theoretical and methodological lecture designed to prepare for the next week’s readings. Please note that I will have to miss one class for long-planned family travel. I’m sorry. I will be traveling, and unavailable by email, from the afternoon of February 5 to the afternoon of February 21. In the schedule below, required readings are indicated with an asterisk (*). All other readings listed are optional recommendations. JANUARY 7. INTRODUCTION. Course purposes; getting to know your colleagues; inventory of interests and expertise. Distribution of lab credentials and discussion of lab procedures.

DISCUSSION: *Michael Kahn (1971). The Seminar. Redding, CA: Kresge College, University of California.

*Student, also known as Jatinder Dhillon, Sam Johns, Paige Patchin, Hannah D’Souza, Emma Abdjalieva, Rebekah Parker, John Bul, and Elvin Wyly (2013). “The Automated Epistemology of an iParadigm Shift.” Human Geography 4(2). *Nadine Schuurman (2013). “Tweet Me Your Talk: Geographical Learning and Knowledge Production 2.0.” Professional Geographer 65(3), 369-377. *Larissa Zip, Rebekah Parker, and Elvin Wyly (2013). “Facebook as a Way of Life: Louis Wirth in the Social Network.” The Geographical Bulletin 54(2), 1-26. Assignment for next week: Complete the survey, at http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~ewyly/g450/g450survey_2014.doc and write a one-page reaction paper to Student. (Don’t send emails asking, “What should I write, what is a reaction paper?” Just write a one-page response, as if you are corresponding with several students who took Wyly classes last year. Bring a one-page response on paper to next class.) LECTURE: How Geographers Approach the City.

JANUARY 14: PHILOSOPHY AND METHOD: ANALYTICAL URBAN GEOGRAPHY. Philosophies of method and explanation since Geography’s “Quantitative Revolution,” and today’s New Quantitative Revolution.

DISCUSSION: *Trevor Barnes (2013). “What’s Old is New, and New is Old: History and Geography’s Quantitative Revolutions.” Dialogues in Human Geography, forthcoming. *Elvin Wyly (2013). “The New Quantitative Revolution.” Dialogues in Human Geography, forthcoming. Ron Johnston, Richard Harris, Kelvyn Jones, David Manley, Clive E. Sabel, and Wenfei Winnie Wong (2013). “Mutual Mis-Understanding and Avoidance, Mis-Representations, and Disciplinary Politics: Spatial Science and Quantitative Analysis in (UK) Geographical Curricula.” Dialogues in Human Geography, forthcoming. Mei-Po Kwan and Tim Schwanen (2009). “Quantitative Revolution 2: The Critical (Re)Turn.” Professional Geographer 61(3), 283-291. Trevor J. Barnes (2010). “Taking the Pulse of the Dead: History and Philosophy of Geography, 2008-2009.” Progress in Human Geography 34(5), 668-677. Elvin Wyly (2009). “Strategic Positivism.” Professional Geographer 61(3), 1-13.

LABORATORY: A short introduction to STATA. Reference: Acock, Chapter 1, and notes at http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~ewyly/g450/stata.pdf LECTURE: The Politics of Data. Facts, assumptions, starting points. Primary and secondary data; institutional considerations; units of observation; summary data, microdata, cross-sectional vs. longitudinal data; unique features of spatial data.

JANUARY 21. THE POLITICS OF DATA.

DISCUSSION, led by: ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________

*Richard Shearmur (2010). “A World Without Data? The Unintended Consequences of Fashion in Geography.” Urban Geography 31(8), 1009-1017. *Lisa Dillon (2010). “The Value of the Long Form Canadian Census for Long Term National and International Research.” Canadian Public Policy 36(3), 389-393. *Gary King (2009). “Life in the Network: The Coming Age of Computational Social Science.” Science 323, 721-723. Gary King (2011). “Ensuring the Data-Rich Future of the Social Sciences.” Science 331, 719-721. Taylor Shelton, Matthew Zook, and Mark Graham (2012). “The Technology of Religion: Mapping Religious Cyberscapes.” Professional Geographer 64(4), 602-617. Jeremy W. Crampton, Mark Graham, Ate Poorthuis, Taylor Shelton, Monica Stephens, Matthew W. Wilson, and Matthew Zook (2012). “Beyond the Geotag? Deconstructing ‘Big Data’ and Leveraging the Potential of the Geoweb.” Lexington, KY: Department of Geography, University of Kentucky. LABORATORY: Presentation of case study research projects and datasets: Canadian urban and regional inequalities, as measured in the Public Use Microdata File; racialized policing as measured in the New York City Police Department Stop, Question, and Frisk Database. Simple descriptive statistics. Reference: Acock, Chapter 5, and notes at http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~ewyly/g450/simple.pdf LECTURE: Methods and Politics of Sampling.

Reference: http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~ewyly/g450/sampling.pdf

JANUARY 29. SAMPLING AND REPRESENTATION.

DISCUSSION, led by: ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ *Mark Ellis (2009). “Vital Statistics.” Professional Geographer 61(3), 301-309. *Matthew Hannah (2001). “Sampling and the Politics of Representation in U.S. Census 2000.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 19, 515-534. *Elvin Wyly and C.S. Ponder (2011). “Gender, Age, and Race in Subprime America.” Housing Policy Debate 21(4), 529-564. Brian Rappert (2012). “States of Ignorance: The Unmaking and Remaking of Death Tolls.” Economy and Society 41(1), 42-63. LABORATORY: Drawing inferences about a population from a sample. Hypothesis tests and confidence intervals. Simple hypothesis tests in STATA. Reference: Acock, Chapter 7, and notes at http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~ewyly/g450/hypotheses.pdf LECTURE: Measuring City Labor Markets

FEBRUARY 4. CITY LABOR MARKETS.

DISCUSSION, led by: ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________

*Marc Doussard, Jamie Peck, and Nik Theodore (2009). “After Deindustrialization: Uneven Growth and Economic Inequality in ‘Postindustrial’ Chicago.” Economic Geography 85(2), 183-207. *Virginia Parks (2010). “Gendering Job Competition: Immigration and African American Employment in Chicago, 1990-2000.” Urban Geography 31(1), 59-89.

*Daniel Hiebert (1999). “Local Geographies of Labor Market Segmentation: Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, 1991.” Economic Geography 75(4), 339-369. LABORATORY: Simple indicators of labor market segmentation measured in the PUMF; simple indicators of NYPD stop-and-frisk encounters. LECTURE: Example research questions on Canadian urban and regional inequalities, and racialized policing in New York City.

FEBRUARY 11. WYLY ABSENCE.

ASSIGNMENT: Work on your research project; prepare about five pages either in the form of a i) detailed outline, ii) annotated bibliography, iii) preliminary empirical analysis and interpretation, or iv) preliminary draft of a major section of the paper. Use the materials listed below as references and resources as you structure your research project. I recommend you 1) explore the literature references (and also consider tracking down a few of the citations in the reference lists of these articles) while 2) exploring the data documentation carefully to understand the kinds of variables available in the PUMF and the NYPD database. Canadian Urban-Regional Inequalities: Literature David Ley and Nicholas Lynch (2012). Divisions and Disparities in Lotus-Land: Socio-Spatial Income Polarization in Greater Vancouver, 1970-2005. Research Paper 223. Toronto: Cities Centre, University of Toronto. R. Alan Walks (2009). “The Urban in Fragile, Uncertain, Neoliberal Times: Towards New Geographies of Social Justice?” Canadian Geographer 53(3), 345-356. Larry S. Bourne, Tom Hutton, Richard G. Shearmur, and Jim Simmons, eds. (2011). Canadian Urban Regions: Trajectories of Growth and Change. Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press. Richard Shearmur (2006). “Travel from Home: An Economic Geography of Commuting Distances in Montreal.” Urban Geography 27(4), 330-359. J. David Hulchanski (2010). The Three Cities Within Toronto. Toronto: Urban Centre, University of Toronto. Damaris Rose and Paul Villeneuve (1998). “Engendering Class in the Metropolitan City: Occupational Pairings and Income Disparities Among Two-Earner Couples.” Urban Geography 19(2), 123-159.

Markus Moos (2013). “Generational Dimensions of Neoliberal and Post-Fordist Restructuring: The Changing Characteristics of Young Adults and Growing Income Inequality in Montreal and Vancouver.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, forthcoming. Markus Moos (2013). “Generationed Space: Societal Restructuring and Young Adults’ Changing Residential Location Patterns.” Canadian Geographer, forthcoming. Canadian Urban-Regional Inequalities: Data Documentation Statistics Canada (2008). 2006 Census Public Use Microdata File, Hierarchical File. Cataogue No. 95M0029XCB. Ottawa: Minister of Industry. Statistics Canada (2008). 2006 Census Public Use Microdata File, Individuals File. Catalogue No. 95M0028XVB. Ottawa: Minister of Industry. Statistics Canada (2008). 2006 Census Dictionary. Catalogue No. 92-566-X. Ottawa: Minister of Industry. New York City Policing: Literature Neil Smith (1998). “Giuliani Time: The Revanchist 1990s.” Social Text 57, 1-20. Loic Wacquant (2010). “Class, Race, & Hyperincarceration in Revanchist America.” Daedelus, Summer, 74-90. Michelle Alexander (2012). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: New Press. Jeffrey Fagan and Tracey L. Meares (2008). “Punishment, Deterrence, and Social Control: The Paradox of Punishment in Minority Communities.” Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 6, 173-229. Jeffrey Fagan and Garth Davies (2000). “Street Stops and Broken Windows: Terry, Race, and Disorder in New York City.” Fordham Urban Law Journal 28(2), 457-504. New York Civil Liberties Union (2012). Stop and Frisk 2011. New York: New York Civil Liberties Union. New York City Policing: Data Documentation Data resources at http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~ewyly/g450nypd.html http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/analysis_and_planning/stop_question_and_frisk_report.shtml

FEBRUARY 25. RESEARCH PROJECT PROGRESS REPORTS, AND CORRELATION AND REGRESSION.

DISCUSSION: All students will deliver short oral updates on research projects. LECTURE: Correlation and Regression. Measuring the association between an outcome (dependent variable) and one or more influences (independent variables). Scatterplots, positive correlation, negative correlation, and non-linearity; correlation coefficients; bivariate ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression; multiple regression. Reference: http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~ewyly/g450/correlation.pdf Reference: http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~ewyly/Private/g350/hedonic.pdf LABORATORY: Correlation and Regression in STATA, with examples from the PUMF and NYPD Stop-and-Frisk Database.

MARCH 4. ANALYZING CHANGES IN CANADIAN METROPOLITAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE.

DISCUSSION, led by: ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________

*Martin Danyluk and David Ley (2007). “Modalities of the New Middle Class: Ideology and Behaviour in the Journey to Work from Gentrified Neighbourhoods in Canada.” Urban Studies 44(11), 2195-2210. *Markus Moos (2013). “Generational Dimensions of Neoliberal and Post-Fordist Restructuring: The Changing Characteristics of Young Adults and Growing Income Inequality in Montreal and Vancouver.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, forthcoming. *Andrejs Skaburskis and Markus Moos (2008). “The Redistribution of Residential Property Values in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver: Examining Neoclassical and Marxist Views on Changing Investment Patterns.” Environment and Planning A 40(4), 905-927. *Jamie Peck, Eliott Semiatycki, and Elvin Wyly (2013). “Vancouver’s Suburban Involution.” Vancouver: Department of Geography, University of British Columbia.

*Markus Moos, Pablo Mendez, and Elvin Wyly (2013). “Where are the Suburbs? Mapping the Fordist Social Constructions of Suburbanisms Onto the Post-Fordist Urban Landscape.” Waterloo: School of Planning, University of Waterloo. Markus Moos and Andrejs Skaburskis (2010). “The Globalization of Urban Housing Markets: Immigration and Changing Housing Demand in Vancouver.” Urban Geography 31(6), 724-749. LABORATORY: More Correlation and Regression in STATA, with examples from the PUMF and NYPD Stop-and-Frisk Database. LECTURE: Logistic regression. Measuring the association between a binary outcome and one or more influences (independent variables). Natural logs; the logistic function; maximum likelihood estimation; assessing model fit; odds ratios. Logistic regression in STATA.

Reference: http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~ewyly/teaching/606_logit.pdf

MARCH 11. USING LOGISTIC REGRESSION TO ANALYZE URBAN RACIAL INEQUALITIES.

DISCUSSION, led by: ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________

*Steven R. Holloway and Elvin K. Wyly (2001). “The Color of Money Expanded: Geographically Contingent Mortgage Lending in Atlanta.” Journal of Housing Research 12(1), 55-90. *Neil Smith, Paul Caris, and Elvin Wyly (2001). “The Camden Syndrome and the Menace of Suburban Decline: Residential Disinvestment and its Discontents in Camden County, New Jersey.” Urban Affairs Review 36(4), 497-531. *Andrew Golub, Bruce D. Johnson, and Eloise Dunlap (2007). “The Race/Ethnicity Disparity in Misdemeanor Marijuana Arrests in New York City.” Criminology & Public Policy 6(1), 131-164. LABORATORY: Logistic Regression in STATA, applied to the NYPD dataset. LECTURE: Accounting for Context and Contingency; Extensions and Refinements of Regression. Partial decomposition analysis; interaction terms; the expansion method; local indicators of spatial association (LISA) and spatial regression. LISA and spatial regression in GeoDA.

MARCH 18. CITY MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS.

DISCUSSION, led by: ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ *Sikee Liu and Nicholas Blomley (2013). “Making News and Making Space: Framing Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside.” Canadian Geographer 57(2), 119-132. *Julie A. Silva and Elvin Wyly (2001). “Between Africa and the Abyss: Globalization, Media, and the Invisibility of a Continent.” The Geographical Bulletin 43(1), 36-46. *David Wilson and Thomas Mueller (2004). “Representing ‘Neighborhood’: Growth Coalitions, Newspaper Reporting, and Gentrification in St. Louis.” Professional Geographer 56(2), 282-294. *George Glasze, Robert Putz, Melina Germes, Henning Shirmel, and Adam Brailich (2012). “The Same but Not the Same: The Discursive Constitution of Large Housing Estates in Germany, France, and Poland.” Urban Geography 33(8), 1192-1211. LECTURE: Principal Components Analysis and Factor Analysis. Measuring the association between many characteristics (variables). Purposes of PCA and factor analysis; geometric illustration of principal components; eigenvalues, eigenvectors, loadings, and scores; rotations. Reference: http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~ewyly/g350/factorial.pdf LABORATORY: PCA and Factor Analysis in STATA.

MARCH 25: USING PCA AND FACTOR ANALYSIS TO EXPLORE URBAN STRUCTURE.

DISCUSSION, led by: ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________

*Noah Quastel, Markus Moos, and Nicholas Lynch (2012). “Sustainability-as-Density and the Return of the Social: The Case of Vancouver, British Columbia.” Urban Geography 33(7), 1055-1084.

*Si-ming Li, Quan Hou, Susu Chen, and Chunshan Zhou (2010). “Work, Home, and Market: The Social Transformation of Housing Space in Guangzhou, China.” Urban Geography 31(4), 434-452. *Matthew L. Mitchelson (2012). “The Urban Geography of Prisons: Mapping the City’s ‘Other’ Gated Community.” Urban Geography 33(1), 147-157. *Elvin Wyly (1999). “Continuity and Change in the Restless Urban Landscape.” Economic Geography 75(4), 309-338. Dejan Pavlic and Zhu Qian (2014). “Declining Inner Suburbs? A Longitudinal Spatial Analysis of Large Metropolitan Regions in Canada.” Urban Geography, forthcoming. Liam McGuire (2012). The Ten Cities of Toronto: Patterns of Socio-economic Inequality and Polarization Throughout the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area. M.A. Thesis. Vancouver: Department of Geography, University of British Columbia. Excerpt on the Atlas of Suburbanisms, at http://env-blogs.uwaterloo.ca/atlas/?p=3675, thesis abstract at https://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/43211 R. Alan Walks and Richard Maaranen (2008). The Timing, Patterning, and Forms of Gentrification and Neighbourhood Upgrading in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, 1961 to 2001. Research Paper No. 2011. Toronto: Cities Centre, University of Toronto.

LABORATORY: More PCA and Factor Analysis in STATA, with examples from PUMF and NYPD datasets. LECTURE: Classification and cluster analysis. Epistemologies, applications, and implications of classification; the distance measure of similarity; linkage rules; assessing accuracy and meaning in cluster solutions. Reference: http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~ewyly/g350/gawc.pdf

APRIL 1: CLASSIFICATION AND URBAN INEQUALITIES.

DISCUSSION, led by: ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________

*Laurie Hanquinet, Mike Savage, and Louise Callier (2012). “Elaborating Bourdieu’s Field Analysis in Urban Studies: Cultural Dynamics in Brussels.” Urban Geography 33(4), 508-529. *Michael Reibel (2011). “Classification Approaches in Neighborhood Research: Introduction and Review.” Urban Geography 32(3), 305-316.

*Brian A. Mikelbank (2011). “Neighborhood Déja Vu: Classification in Metropolitan Cleveland, 1970-2000.” Urban Geography 32(3), 317-333. *Elvin Wyly and Daniel J. Hammel (2005). “Mapping Neoliberal American Urbanism.” In Rowland Atkinson and Gary Bridge, eds., Gentrification in a Global Context: The New Urban Colonialism. New York: Routledge, 18-38. *Elvin Wyly and James Defilippis (2010). “Mapping Public Housing: The Case of New York City.” City & Community 9(1), 61-86. Peter R. Gould (2009). “Do Foraminifera Assemblages Exist--At Least in the Persian Gulf?” In Becoming A Geographer. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 289-299.

APRIL 8: ROUNDTABLE PRESENTATION OF RESEARCH PROJECTS. Last Day of Classes: Tuesday, April 8 Final G450 papers due: 5:00 pm, April 25.