Li fi (light fidelity)
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Li-Fi (Light Fidelity)
ByAnandh D
&Sri Ram V
Dept. of ECEFinal Year
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Wireless data is growing exponentially…
YouTube In 2011, ~ 140 views for every person on
earth (over 1 Trillion views) 72 hours of video are uploaded to
YouTube every minute 25% of global YouTube views come from
mobile devices Internet video traffic is growing at 48%
CAGR
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…leading to RF Spectrum Shortage
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How to fix the problem?
Identify new spectrum, or Enhance spectrum reuse (smaller
cells), or Both measures jointly
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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WHAT IS Li – Fi ?
Li-Fi is transmission of data through illumination, sending data through a LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than human eye can follow
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History of Li-Fi The technology truly
began during the 1990's in countries like Germany, Korea, and Japan where they discovered LED's could be retrofitted to send information. Harald Haas continues to wow the world with the potential to use light for communication
Harald Haas
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How LI-FI Works ?
Very simply, if the LED is on, you transmit a digital 1, if it's off you transmit a digital 0.
They can be switched on and off very quickly, which gives nice opportunities for transmitting data.
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Block Diagram
DataModulation(PPM/FSK)
Light Source
DataDemodulation
(PPM/FSK)
Photo Detector
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Digital Modulation Tech.
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Transmitting element
LED
Fluorescent Lamp
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Receiving element(Detector)
Avalanche Photo Diode
Image Sensors
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VLC Vs. IR and RF
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Indoor VLC configurations (a) Directed – line-of-sight (LOS) link (b) Non-directed LOS link (c) Diffuse link (d) Quasi diffuse link
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An illustration of Li-Fi concept
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Advantages Safe for health Secure No interference on RF signals High speed
Challenging Problems Connectivity while moving Multiuser support Dimming Shadowing
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Solutions to Challenging problems
Solution for connectivity This problem is similar to the connectivity problem in cellular network
when you move from one area of the city to another area while speaking with cell-phone
The solution is called “handover”, using which the user is transferred from one BS to another
Handover is done in the area that two BS’s have common coverage Similar solution can be used in signal processing domain for VLC The user can be transferred from one light source to another in the
area that is under the coverage of both
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Solutions to Challenging problems
Solution for multiuser support One solution is time division multiplexing (TDM) Each frame is divided into equal time slots Each user transmit data in one time slot in a predefined order The other solution is code division multiple access (CDMA) Codes are assigned to users Each user transmit its data using the assigned signature pattern It is used in 3G and 4G cellular networks CDMA has been adopted and developed for optical systems Optical orthogonal codes (OOC) are used as signature pattern for users
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Solutions to Challenging problems
Solution for shadowing As shown before, the impulse response in VLC systems has
two parts When the line-of-sight (LOS) part (which is received via
direct path) is blocked, the impulse response is only the second part
Then the data can be recovered using the second part which is indeed the received data from the indirect paths (multipath signal)
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Applications
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Concluding Remarks
Li-Fi is enabled by advanced digital transmission technologies
Li-Fi will enable many new applications Optical attocell networks based on Li-Fi: • Are the glue between future energy efficient
illumination and cellular communications; • Harness unregulated, unused and vast amount
of electromagnetic spectrum; • Enable ever smaller cells without the need for
new infrastructure;
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Shoot your questions
We’re ready to answer ‘em! ( at least we’ll try to )
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Thank you all