LI 2013 Nathalie F. Martin

LINGUISTICS AND IT’S FIELDS

linguistics

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Table of Content

At the end of this chapter you will know:LinguisticsFields of linguistics:

Descriptive linguistics Theoretical linguistics Applied linguistics

Language: dialects, pidgins, creoles

Review:Language, Languages and Speech

FRENCH ENGLISH

“Langage” Language/abilityThe innateinnate abilityability to learnlearn and produceproduce language/code.Natural, universal and innate ability (amongst humans).

“Langue(s)” Language(s)/codeA codecode or systemsystem, used by consensusconsensus.

Ex: different languages (French, English, Spanish, Greek, etc.).CollectiveCollective (used within a language group, speakers of the

language)

“Parole” SpeechThe individual act of speaking act of speaking

(Concrete use of the language/code). Ex: “Please stop the bus!”

IndividualIndividual.

Review: Grammar

What do we mean by: Generality Parity Universality Mutability Inaccessibility

HOMEWORK: Possible words in English

Which of the following forms are possible words of English?

a.Mboodb.Frallc.Coofpd.Ktleeme.Sprokef. Flubeg.Wordmsh.Bsarn

Exercise # 3 (O’Grady, p. 13)

UP FOR A CHALLENGE ?

The Fields of Linguistics:

Try to find ways in which linguistics could be useful for your field of study (or even for your own personal interest).

Describe this object: Write on a piece of paper.

You have all given different descriptions since you looked at it in a different perspective.

The same can be said about language !

The same can be said about language …

One « object », in other words « language », but different perspectives …

Perspective Grammar

Grammar:- Panini

- 1st grammar- Sanskrit (4th century BC)- To preserve sacred writingsTo preserve sacred writings

- Greek- Latin and French

- And today …

The early days of the study of language

1. Philology (anthropology through ancient writings)

- Objet: ancient civilisationsancient civilisations2. Historical linguistics

- Objet: language(s) and language(s) and

itit’’s/their evolutions/their evolution3. Comparative linguistics:

- Objet: comparison comparison

BETWEEN languages languages

Comparative linguistics

Comparative Linguistics (examples: languageslanguages):

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_method

Comparative linguistics

Comparative Linguistics (examples: French dialectsdialects):

Picard : CHAT: « ka » rather than « sha » (chat : ch'cat [ka]), MERCI: [ke] / [ki] > [che] / chi (ex : merchi). BOIS: [ei] > [oi] > [oe] > [o] (le bois : ch'bos)

Francian : BOIS: [ei] > [oi] > [we] > [wa] : le bois MERCI: [ki] > [si] (merci)

Dialects of the XVIth and XVIIth centuries,

The modern study of language

Linguistics

What Is Linguistics?

Ferdinand de SaussureSaussure : FounderFounder of modern linguistics. His students published his course notes in

1916. Cours de linguistique générale.

Language: Code &

social institutionsocial institution

What Is Linguistics?

“The scientificscientific study of humanhuman languagelanguage.”

Scientific study of language, covering the structurestructure (morphology and syntax; see grammar), soundssounds (phonology, phonetics), and meaningmeaning (semantics), as well as the historyhistory of the relations of languages to each other and the culturalcultural place of language in human behavior.

Theoretical Linguistics

Theoretical linguistics

1.Phonetics2.Phonology 3.Morphology4.Syntax 5.Semantics 6.Pragmatics

Applied Linguistics

Descriptive linguistics

Anthropological linguisticsComparative linguisticsHistorical linguisticsEtymology · PhoneticsSociolinguistics

Computational linguisticsForensic linguisticsLanguage acquisitionLanguage assessmentLanguage developmentLanguage educationLinguistic prescriptionLinguistic anthropologyNeurolinguisticsPsycholinguisticsStylistics

"Fields of Linguistics" Files

Read the information on each of these fields of linguistics. Fill out this information:

Name of field Short definition

What other field(s) is it linked to Example Other information

Pass along to next team … The next team will:

Read the information contained in the file and make necessary corrections.

Give it back to the initial group, who will get ready to present the information to the class.

Fields of LINGUISTICS

Sociolinguistics

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40

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60

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Saks Macy's Klein

/ r/prononcé

Fields of LINGUISTICS

Ethnolinguistics

Benjamin Lee Whorf

Fields of LINGUISTICS

Dialectology

Atlas linguistique de la Basse-Bretagne (sud-ouest de la France)

Fields of LINGUISTICS

Psycholinguistics

Fields of LINGUISTICS

Lexicography

Fields of LINGUISTICS

Language planning

Fields of LINGUISTICS

Neurolinguistics

Fields of LINGUISTICS

FORENSIC LINGUISTICS: The use of linguistic techniques to investigate

crimescrimes in which language data language data constitute part of the evidenceevidence Ex: In 1950 Timothy Evans was hanged for a murder,

but then granted a posthumous pardon in 1966.

UP FOR A CHALLENGE !!!

How can linguistics be useful to you in your field of study (or even for your own personal interest).

Explain

What do I mean by this adaptation of this cartoon?

linguistics

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For Next Class

What we will see:

Homework:

Reading:

Reminder:

Matériel nécessaire

Ce dont j’ai besoin pour ce cours: Photocopies : Affiches : Livres : Autres :

Contemporary Linguistics Analysis: p. 7.