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Level 1 Level 1 Initial: The software process is characterized as ad hoc and occasionally even chaotic. Few processes are defined, and success depends upon individual effort Slide 2 Software Engineering II Lecture 2 Fakhar Lodhi Slide 3 Level 2 Level 2 Repeatable: Basic project management processes are established to track cost, schedule, and functionality. The necessary project discipline is in place to repeat earlier successes on projects with similar applications Slide 4 Level 3 Level 3 Defined: The software process for both management and engineering activities is documented, standardized, and integrated into an organizational software process. All projects use a documented and approved version of the organizations processes for developing and supporting software Slide 5 Level 4 Level 4 Managed: Detailed measures for software process and product quality are controlled. Both the software process and products are quantitatively understood and controlled using detailed measures Slide 6 Level 5 Level 5 Optimizing: Continuous process improvement is enabled by qualitative feedback from the process and from testing innovative ideas and technologies Slide 7 Key Process Areas (KPAs) The KPAs describe those software engineering functions that must be present to satisfy good practice at a particular level. Each KPA is described by identifying the following characteristics Slide 8 Software Life-Cycle Steps Life-cycle model (formerly, process model) Requirements phase Specification phase Design phase Implementation phase Integration phase Maintenance phase Retirement Slide 9 Different Lifecycle Models Build-and-fix model Waterfall model Rapid prototyping model Incremental model Extreme programming Synchronize-and-stabilize model Spiral model Object-oriented life-cycle models Comparison of life-cycle models Slide 10 Build and Fix Model Build first version Modify until client is satisfied Maintenance phase Retirement Development Maintenance Slide 11 Waterfall Model Requirement Definition System and Software Design Implementation and Unit Testing Integration and System Testing Operation and Maintenance Slide 12 Waterfall Model Requirement Definition System and Software Design Implementation and Unit Testing Integration and System Testing Operation and Maintenance Slide 13 Rapid Prototyping Model Requirement Definition System and Software Design Implementation and Unit Testing Integration and System Testing Operation and Maintenance Rapid Prototyping Slide 14 The Process A software process is a road map that helps you create a timely, high quality result. It is the way we produce software Provides stability and control Work Product Programs, documents, and data produced as a consequence of the software engineering activities Slide 15 Process Maturity SEI Software Engineering Institute 5 maturity levels Capability Maturity Model (CMM) Slide 16 INITIAL Ad hoc Process REPEATABLE Project Management DEFINED Process Definition MANAGED Process Measurement OPTIMIZED Process Improvement CMM Maturity Levels Slide 17 Goals Abilities Key Process Areas (KPAs) Methods for monitoring implementation Commitments Activities Methods for verifying implementation Slide 18 Software Configuration Management Software Quality Assurance Software subcontract Management Level 2 KPAs Slide 19 Software project tracking and oversight Software project planning Requirement management Level 2 KPAs - Continued Slide 20 Peer reviews Inter-group coordination Software product Engineering Integrated software management Level 3 KPAs Slide 21 Level 3 KPAs - Continued Training program Organization process management Organization process focus Slide 22 Process change management Technology change management Defect prevention Level 5 KPAs Slide 23 1.Vision focus on why 2.Definition focus on what 2. Development focus on how 3. Maintenance focus on change Software Engineering Phases VisionDefinitionDevelopmentMaintenance