Evaluation: 1st Exam: December, 17th (units 13)2nd Exam: January, 26th (units 45) Oral Exam: January, 27th (units 15)

Introduction

Los pronombres sujeto y pronombre objeto:

Subject ObjectPronouns pronouns

I MeYou YouHe HimShe HerIt ItWe UsThey Them

Los verbos en infinitivo nunca se dicen solos, siempre se le antepone la preposicin to, ej: to work, to play, to dance. (trabajar, jugar, bailar)Y al conjugarlos se elimina la preposicin to, ej: I work, you play, they dance.

Cuando en una oracin se dicen dos verbos al primero al estar conjugado se elimina la preposicin to y el segundo la conserva, ej: I want to work

Estructura de una oracin afirmativa:Sujeto + verbo + objeto + infinitivo

Ej: I want her to work with us = Quiero que ella trabaje con nosotrosMy mother wanted me to be a doctor = Mi mam quera que yo fuera doctor

Show me and I forgetTeach me and I rememberInvolve me and I learn B. Francklin

Live as if you were to die tomorrowLearn as if you were to live forever Ghandi

Present Be Auxiliaries: am, is and are

He * Where are you from?is - she Im from Monterrey it * Where is she from?Am - I Shes from New York

They * Where are you from?Are We Sn: Im from N.Y. You Pl: We are you from N.Y. = Were you from N.Y.Any affirmations:The class is over = la clase terminHave a nice weekend or week, day, etc. = que tengas un bonito fin de semana o Sorry, I dont understand = disculpe no entend

More cuestions:How do you say? = Cmo se dice?What does ____ mean? = Qu significa?How do you spell ____? = Cmo se escribe?

Alfabeto:A=ei, B=bi, C=si, D=di, E=i, F=ef, G=yi, H=eich, I=ai, J=jey, K=key, L=el, M=em, N=en, O=ou, P=pi, Q=kiu, R=ar, S=es, T=ti, U=iu, V=vi, W=dobl-iu, X=ecs, Y=uai, Z=dsi

Numbers:100 = one-undred, 1000 = one-thousand

Pronoun: Possessive: Present be:I My HeYou Your is She is = singularHe His itShe Her weIt Its are you are = pluralWe Our TheyThey Their I am

Whats your name? My name is GuadalupeWhats her name? Her name is GuadalupeWhats his name? his name is DanielWhat do you do? Im a teacherWhats your occupation? My occupation is teacherWhats her occupation? Her occupation is teacherWhats his occupation? His occupation is doctor

First name = Gerardo Ral = Given nameLast name = Bernal = Family nameNickname = Gera

How old are you? Im 28 years oldHow old is she? Shes (she is) 40 years old

What is his name? his name is DanielWhat are their name? their name are Daniel, Isabel and Guadalupe

Present Be: She Shes from N.Y. = aff.Is He She isnt N.Y. = neg It Is she from N.Y? = question They Yes, she is / No, she isent = answerare We They are doctors = aff. You They arent doctors = negI am. Are they doctors? = questions Yes, they are / no, They arent

Are you from N.Y?Sn = Yes, I amPl = Yes, we are

Q: Is Annie from London?A: Yes, Annie is or Yes, she isQ: Are Annie and Daniel doctors?A: Yes, Annie and Daniel are or Yes, they areQ: Is Daniel from London?A: Yes, Daniel is or Yes, he is

*Wh/questions Yes/No questions1. Where is she from 1. Is he a doctorA: Shes from N.Y. A: Yes, he is2. What do you do? 2. Is she from N.Y?A: Im a teacher A: No, she isnt from N.Y.

Sn = Whats your mothers name? My mothers name is AnnieSn = Whats your brothers name? My brothers name is JulioDo you have brothers? Yes, I do / No, I dontHow many brothers do you have? I have a brotherPl = What are your brothers name? My brothers name are Julio and Pedro

1. What are their names? Their names areBob, Clark, Marie, Evans and Poul2. Whats the first mans name?Giorgio Moretti3. Whats the first womans names?Marie and Cherl4. Whats her occupation?Recepyionist5. Where is she from?Paris6. Where is Giorgio from?Paris7. Whats Cherys occupation?Office manager8. Whats Bobs occupation?Travel agent9. Whats Pauls occupation?Tour guides10. Whats Giorgios occupation?A singer11. Whats Giorgio nationality?Italian12. Is he married?No, he is not13. How old is he?Hes 32 years old

Q: Is she from N.Y.?A: Yes, she is or yes, shes from N.Y. Yes, shesNB: las contracciones no se aplican en las respuestas cortas

Whats your mothers name? or Whats her name?NB: las dos clases de posesivos son por medio de un pronombre, ej: her name o por medio de la contraccin, ej: mothers name.

Prepositions of time and place:

On (day) on Saturday In (Month) in September In (year) in 1967 On (date) on Saturday, September 2nd, 2009 At (time) at 7:00 On (avenue) on Constitucin Ave. On (street) on Padre Mier St. At (address) at 3114, Constitucin Ave. or at 213, Padre Mier St.Nota: en la direccin con nmero se usa at y sin l se usa on

When is the movie? Its on FridayWhat time is the movie? Its at 7:10Where is the movie? Its at the Film Forum

When is the concert? Its on this SaturdayWhat time is the concert? Its at 12:00Where is the concert? Its in Elliot Park

1. Write the events they talk.Movie, play, opera and rock concert2. When is the rock concerto and what time?On Saturday at 8:003. When is the play and where?At midnight, at the second avenue theater4. Whats the play name?Conversation with food5. What is the woman looking for?The Rose Cinema6. Where is the Rose Cinema?Across the street7. Does Ian like music?Yes, he does8. What kind of music does Ian like?Classic rock9. Where is Ian and when he listens to music?In his office10. Does Martin go to concert?Yes, he does11. How many cds does Martin have?A few undred

Simple present Swim (verb)

She She doesnt swim = neg.Does He Does she swim? = que. It Yes, she does / No, she doesnt I She swims = aff.Do You aux.(does) We They They dont swim = neg. Do they swim? = que. Yes, they do / No, they dont They swim aff.

Rules:

They wash = she washesThey watch = she watchesThey go = she goesThey cry = she criesThey guess = she guesses

Present:

She She has a book = aff.Has He She doesnt have a book = neg It Does she have a book? = que I Yes, she does / No, she doesnt You They have a car = affHave We They dont have a car = neg They Do they have a car? = que Yes, they do / No, they dont

Unit 1 (Page 4)

Getting acquaintedGet to know someone:

Are you student? Yes, I am / No, Im notIs he married? Yes, he is / No, he isntAre you in my class? Yes, we are / No, we arent

Contraction:Im = I amYoure = you areHes = he isShes =she isWere = we areThey = they are

Verb be: usageUse the verb be to give information about the subject of a sentence. The subject of a sentence can be a noun or pronoun.Se usa el verbo be para dar informacin sobre el sujeto de una oracin. El sujeto de una oracin puede ser un sustantivo o un pronombre. Ej: Noun subject pronoun subjectThe teacher is Chinese. Were Peruvian

Verb Be: forms.There are three forms of the verb be in the present tense: am, are and is.Hay tres formas del verbo be en el tiempo presente: am, are e is.

Contracted forms.In speaking and informal writing, contract bewith subject nouns and pronouns.En la oratoria y la escritura informal contrigase be con sustantivos sustanciales y sustantivos. Ej:I am a student = Im a student. Peter is a singer = Peters a singer

Negative contractions.There are two ways to contract in negative sentence.Hay dos modos de contraerse en oraciones negativas, Ej:Hes not Brazilian or He isnt Brazilian.Theyre not teacher or They arent teacher.Note: Theres only one kind of negative contraction for I am not: Im not. Hay slo una clase de contraccin negativa I am not = Im not.

Verb be: yes / no questions; affirmative and negative short answers.Its common to answer yes/no question with short answers (or just yes or no) dont use contraction with affirmative short answers.Es comn contestar S/No, preguntas con respuestas cortas (slo s o no) No se usa contracciones con respuestas afirmativas cortas.Yes/No question: Affirmative: Negative:Are you a salesperson? Yes, I am. Yes, Im. No, Im notIs he Italian? Yes, I am. Yes hes No, he isntAre they students? Yes, they are. Yes, theyre No, They arent

Grammar. Information questions with beUse Who to ask about people, What to ask about things, Where to ask places and How old to ask about age.Usa Who para preguntar sobre personas, What para preguntar sobre cosas, Where para preguntar sobre lugares y how old para preguntar sobre la edad.

Whos that? Thats Park suHow old are they? Hes sixteen and his brother is tenWhat are they names? Costas and Ahmed

Possessives nouns and possessive adjectives:Possessive nouns:Add s to name or a noun.Aade s para los nombres o sustantivos, Ej:Where is Marys father from? Whats your mothers names?

Add an apostrophe () to plural nouns that end in sAade un apstrofe para sustantivos plurales que terminan en s; Ej:What are students names?

Possessive adjectives:Wheres Marys father from? = Wheres her father from?Whats Emilios last name? = Whats his last name?Whats Lee and Gans address? = Whats their address?

Possessive nouns Contractions:The teachers names Whos = who isPeters address Whats = What is Wheres = Where is Thats = That isPossessive adjectives:

I = my it = itsYou = your we = ourHe = his they = theirShe = her

Vocabulary. Some accupations

A computer programmer = programador de computadorasAn interpreter = interpreteA sales person = agente de ventasA flight attendant = aero mosaA graphic desinger = diseador grafico

Unit 2 (Page 16)

Prepositions of time and places.

Time:Use on with the names of days or dates.Usa on con nombres de dias o fechas, Ej:On Thursday on Monday morning on new years daysOn the weekend o non Sundays on a weekdayUse in with periods of time (but not with names of days)Usa in con periodos de tiempo (pero no coon nombres de dias): Ej:in 1998 in July in (the) springin the morning in the 20th century in the 1950sUse at with epecific moments in time.Usa at con momentos especficos en tiempo, Ej:At 9:00 at ten thirty-five at 6 oclockAt sunrise (salida del sol) at noon at midnight

Places:Use on with the names of streets and specific physical locationsUsa on con nombres de calles y ubicaciones fsicas especficas, Ej: On Main Street on Smith Avenue on the cornerOn the street on the right on the leftUse in with the names of cities, countries, continents and other large locationsUsa in con nombres de ciudades, pases, continentes y otras ubicaciones grandes, Ej:In the neighborhood in the center of town in CaracasIn Thailand in Africa in the OceanUse at for buildings and addresses.Usa at para adificios y direcciones, Ej:At the theater at the supermarket at the bankAt the train station at 10 Main Street at 365 Smith Avenue

Vocabulary. Entertainment events.A movie = cine, a play = teatro, a concert = concierto, a Talk = conferencia, an art exhibit = exhibicin de arte.

Vocabulary. Locations and directions.On Clark Street = en la calle ClarkDown the street = bajando la calleAcross the street = cruzando la calleAround the street = a la vuelta de la esquinaOn the corner of Smith and Mark = en la esquina de Smith y MarkOn the right side of the street = en el lado derecho de la calleOn the left side of the street = en el lado izquierdo de la calleBetween King Street and South Place = entre las calle King y South Place

Unit 3 (Page 28)Families

Vocabulary:Grandparents: abuelosGrandfather: abuelo. Grandmother: abuelaParents: Padres.Father: padre. Mother: madreFather-in-law: suegro. Mother-in-law: suegraUncle: to aunt: ta.Sister-in-law: cuada. Brother: hermano.Nephew: sobrino: niece: sobrina.Sister: hermanaHusband: esposoSon: hijo. Daughter: hijaBrother-in.law: cuado

Grammar. The simple present tense.The simple present tense: usage.Use the simple present tense to talk about facts and habitual actions in the present.Usa el presente simple para hablar de hechos y acciones habituales en el presente, Ej:

Facts. Habitual actions.Hank speaks french very well I go to bed at 10:00 p.m. every nightI work at 43 fork road She eats lunch at Safis Caf on Fridays.

The simple present tense: form.Add s to the base form of the verb for third-person singular (he, she, it)Aade -s a la forma base del verbo para la tercera persona singular (he, she, it), Ej:I like Japanese food He likes Mexican foodYou Study Korean She studies EnglishThey open at 7:00 It opens at 8:00We work at a restaurant.

Use dont (do not) and doesnt (does not) and the base form of the verb to make negative statements.Usa dont (do not) y doesnt (does not) y a la forma base del verbo del verbo para hacer declaraciones negativas, .ej:I dont go to bed before 10:00 p.m. Henk doesnt speak Spanish very well.

The simple present tense: yes / no question.Use do or does and the base form to make yes / no questions in the simple present tense.Usa do o Does y la forma base del verbo para hacer preguntas en el presente simple, ej:Do you speak Portuguese? Does she live near you? (NOT: does she lives near you?)

Vocabulary. Marital status relationships.Theyre single = ellos son solteros.Theyre married = ellos son casados.Theyre divorced = ellos son divorciados.Shes widowed = ella es viuda.Hes an only child = l es hijo nicoTheyre twins = ellos son gemelos.

Grammar. The simple present tense: ye / no questions.Use do or does and the base form of the verb to ask information questions.Usa do o does y la forma base del verbo para hacer preguntas de informacin, ej:

Where do your in-laws live? What does your sister do?When do you visit your parents? What time does she go?

Dont use do or does whit Who. Always use the third-person singular to ask information questions with Who in the simple present tense.No use do o does con Who. Siempre usa la tercera persona singular para hacer preguntas de informacin con Who en el presente simple., ej:

Who lives here? My parents do.

Use how many with plural nouns.Usa How many con sustantivos plurals, ej:How many children do you have? How many books does she have?How many aunts and uncles do you have? How many languages does he speak?

Vocabulary. Similarities and differences.

How are you alike? = en qu son ustedes iguales?We look alike = nos vemos igualWe wear similar clothes = usamos ropa similarWe both like basketball = a ambos nos gusta el basketball. She likes basketball and I do too = a ambas nos gusta el basketball. A ella le gusta el basketball y a m tambinShe doesnt like fish, and I dont either = a ella no lo gusta el pescado y a m tampoco

How are you different? = en qu son ustedes diferentes?We look different = nos vemos diferentesWe wear different clothes = usamos ropa diferenteHe likes rock music, but I like classical = a l le gusta el rock pero a m la msica clsicaHe likes cooffie, but I dont = a l le gusta el caf pero a m no

Unit 4 (Page 40)

Grammar. The present continuous.Use the present continuous for actions in progress now and for some future actions.Form the present continuous with be and a present participle (base form + ing)Usa el presente continuo para acciones en progreso ahora para algunas acciones en future.Forma el presente continuo con be y un presente participio (forma base + ing), ej:

Im looking for a laptop. (Action in progress now)Tomorrow Im going to Technoland. (Future action)

Questions AnswersAre you looking for a cell phone? Yes, I am. / No, I notIs he using the computer? Yes, he is / No, hes notAre they buying the X340? Yes, they are / No, theyre notWhat are you going? Were getting a new printerWhos buying a new cell phone? My brother is

He She is swimming = AffIs she verb + ing She isnt swimming = Neg It Is she swimming? Que. They Yes she is, / No, she isntAre we verb + ing youI am verb + ing

Simple present. Present continuous.(auxiliaries = do and does) auxiliaries = is, are and am + ing)Ej:She swims in the morning She is swimming nowThey swim everyday They are swimming today *el futuro tiene la misma estructura: She is swimming tomorrow

Rules: exceptionsSwim = swimming blow = blowingRun = running fix = fixingPermit =permittingOrder = orderingHave = havingTake = takingCry = cryingFly = flying

The present continuous: spelling rules.To form a present participle, add ing to the base form of the verb.Para formar un presente participio, aade ing a la forma base del verbo, ej:Talk = talking

If the base form ends in a silent (unvoiced) e, drop the e and add ing.Si la forma base del verbo termina en un silencio (no expresado) e, elimina e y aade ing, ej:Leave = leaving

In verbs of one syllable, if the last three letters are a consonant-vowel-consonant sequence, double the last consonant and then add ing to the base form.En los verbos de una silaba, si las ltimas tres letras son consonante-vocal-consonante seguidas, duplica la ltima consonante y luego aade ing a la forma base, ej:C V CS i t = sitting.

But: if the verb ends in w, -x or y, dont double the final consonant.Pero: si el verbo termina en w, -x o .y, no doble la consonante final, ej:Blow = blowing fix = fixing say = saying

In verbs of more than one syllable that end in a consonant-vowel-consonant sequence, double the last consonant only if the spoken stress is on the last syllable.En los verbos de ms de una silaba que terminan en consonante-vocal-consonante seguidas, duplica la ltima consonante slo si el sonido fuerte est en la ltima silaba, ej:Permit = permitting. BUT: order = ordering.

The present continuous: questions.Yes / No questions: Place be before the subject of the sentence. Tiene lugar be antes del asunto de la oracinIs she watching TV? Are we meeting this afternoon?Are you driving three? Are they talking on the phone?

Information questions: Use question works to ask information questions. Usa palabras pregunta para pedir informacin de preguntasWhen are you going? Whos talking on the phone?What are you doing right now? Why are you buying that pocket translator?

Vocabulary. Machines at home and at work.A microwave oven: horno de microhondasA coffee maker: cafeteraA hair dryer: secadora de cabelloA CD player: reproductor de CDA fax achine: faxA photocopaier: copiadora

Vocabulary. Ways to state a complaint.The windows wont open/close: la ventana no cierraThe iron wont turn on: la plancha no enciendeThe air-condition wont turn off: el aire acondicionado no se apagaThe fridge is making a fuuny sound: ell refrigerador esta haciendo un ruido muy extraoThe toilet wont flush: el bao no bajaThe sink is clogged: el lavamanos est obstruido

UNIT 5 (Page 52)

Vocabulary. Eating in, eating out.Appetizer: aperitivoSalad: ensaladaEntres: platillo principalBeverage: bebidaDessert: postre

Grammar. Count and non-count nouns.Count nouns name things you can count. They are singular or plural.Los sustantivos contables nombran cosas que puedes contar. Estos son singular o plural., ej:An egg ten eggs

Non-count nouns name things you cannot count. They are not singular or plural. Dont use a, an or a number with non-count nouns.Los sustantivos no contables nombran cosas que no puedes contar. Estos no son singular o plural. No uses a, an o un nmero con los sustantivos no contables, ej:Rice NOT a rice NOT ricesNon-count nouns.Bread coffee meat saltCandy fruit milk seafoodCheese juice pasta soupChocolate lettuce rice sugar

Non-count nouns: categories and verb agreement.Non-count nouns are common in the following categories:Los sustantivos no contables estn comunmente en las siguientes categoras:Abstract ideas: health, advice, help, luck, fun. (salud, consejo ayuda, suerte, diversion)Sport and activities: tennis, swiming, golf, bascketballillnesses: cancer, AIDS, diabetes, dengueNatural events: rain, snow, wind, light, darkness (lluvia, nieve, viento, luz, oscuridad)Academic subject: English, chemistry, art, mathematicsFoods: rice, milk, sugar, coffee, fat

All non-count nouns require a singular verb.Todos los sustantivos requieren un verbo singular, ej:Fat isnt good for you.Mathematics is my favorite subject

There is and there are.Use there is with non-count nouns and singular count nouns.Usa there is con los sustantivos no contables y sustantivos contables en singular.Use there are with plural count nounsUsa there are con los sustantivos constables en plural, ej:Theres milk and an Apple in the fridgeThere are oranges, too. But there arent vegetables

Use there is with something, anything or nothing.Usa there is con alguna cosa, ninguna cosa o nada, ej:Is there anything to eat? No, there isnt anything.

Question with how much and how many.Ask questions with how much for non-count nouns. Ask questions with how many for count nouns.Has preguntas con how much para sustantivos no contables. Haz preguntas con how many para sustantivos contables, ej:How much rice is in the soup? Not much. Two cups.How many eggs are in the fridge? Not many. Eight.

Words that can be used as count or non-counts.Some nouns can be used as count or non-counts. The words is the same, but the meaning is differentAlgunos sustantivos pueden usarse como contables o no contables. Las palabras son igual pero el significado es diferente, ej :Non-count use Count useChicken is delicious I bought two chickensLets watch TV. We have three TVs in our house.The sun provides Lights. Its too bright in here. Turn off one of the lights.

Plural count nouns: spelling rules. (reglas de ortografa)Add s to most nouns.Agrega s a la mayora de los sustantivos, ej:Cup = cupsApple = applesAppetizer = appetizers

If a noun ends in consonant and y, change the y to I and add es.Si un sustantivo termina en una consonante e y, cambia la y a una i y agrega -es, ej:Cherry = cherries Berry = berries

Add -es to nouns that end in -es, -o, -s, -sh, -x or -zAade -es a los sustantivos que terminan en -es, -o, -s, -sh, -x o -z, ej:Lunch =lunches radish = radishesTomato = tomatoes box = boxesGlass = glasses

But do not change the y when the letter before the y is a vowel.Pero no cambies la y cuando la letra antes de la y es una vocal, ej:Boy = boys

Some and anyUse some and any to describe an indefinite number or amount.Usa some y any para descibir un nmero o cantidad indefinido, ej:There are some apples in the fridge. (indefinite number: we dont know how many)Are there any orange? (Indefinite number: no specific number being asked about)There are bringing us some coffee. (infefinite amount: we dont know how much)Now we have some. (indefinite amount: we dont know how much)

Use some with non-count nouns and with plural count nouns in affirmative atatements.Usa some con sustantivos no constables y con sustantivos constables en plural en declaraciones (oraciones) afirmativas, ej:Non-coun noun plural coun nounWe deen some milk and some bananas. (affirmative statements)

Use any with non-count nouns and plural count nouns in negative statements.Usa any con sustantivos no constables y sustantivos constables en plural en declaraciones (oraciones) negativas, ej:Non-count noun plural count nounWe dont want any cheese, and we dont need any applesThey dont have any.

Use any or some in questions with count and non-count nouns.Usa any o some en preguntas con sustantivos contables y no contables, ej.Do you need any cookies or butter?Do you need some cookies or butter?

Vocabulary. Categories of food.Fruit:Apples, bananas, grapes, orangesVegetables:Carrots (zanahorias), peppers, broccoli, onionsMeat (carne):Chicken, lamb (cordero), sausage (salchicha), beef (ternera)Seafood (mariscos)Fish, clams (almejas), shrimp (camarones), crab (cangrejo), squid (calamar)Grains:Pasta, rice, noodles (fideos), breadDairy products productos lcteos:Butter, cheese, milk, yogurtOils:Corn oil, olive oil, coconut oil (aceite de coco)Sweets:Candy (caramelo), pie, cake, cookies

Grammar. a, an and theA / an, ej:It comes with a salad and an appetizer.

The.Use the to name something a second time.Usa the para nombrar alguna cosa una segunda vez, ej:A: It comes with salad.B: OK. Ill have the salad

Also use the to talk about something specific.Tambin usa the para hablar acerca alguna cosa en especfico, ej:A: would you like an appetizer? (not specific)B: Yes. The fried clams sound delicious. (specific: theyre on the menu)

Vocabulary. What to say to a waiter or waitress.Excuse me: disculpeWere ready to order: estamos listos para ordenarWell take the check, please: tomaremos la cuenta, por favorIs the tip included?: est incluida la propina?Do you accept credit cards?: acepta tarjetas de crdito?