Coverage of Licensure Examination for Teachers: Social Science

15 Presidents of the Philippines and their

Contributions and Achievements

First Philippine Republic President (Revolutionary

Government/The Philippines under Spanish colonization)

President of the First Philippine Republic

Birth date: March 22, 1869, Died- February 6, 1964Term: 1898- 1901

Filipino leader who fought first against Spain and later against the United States for the Independence of the Philippines.

1. EMILIO AGUINALDO

Contributions and Achievements:

• signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, creating a truce between the Spanish and Philippine revolutionaries

• led the Philippines in the Spanish-Philippine War and the American-Philippine War

• youngest president, taking office at age 28• longest-lived president, passing away at 94

Commonwealth of the Philippines (American Period

Presidents )

First President of the Commonwealth

Birth date: August 19, 1878Died- August 1, 1944Term: November 15, 1935- August 1, 1944

Filipino statesman, leader of the independence movement, and first president of the Philippine Commonwealth established under United States tutelage in 1935.

MANUEL L. QUEZON

Contributions and Achievements:• first Senate president elected as President of the Philippines• first president elected through a national election• first president under the Commonwealth• created National Council of Education• initiated women’s suffrage in the Philippines during the

Commonwealth• approved Tagalog/Filipino as the national language of the

Philippines• appears on the twenty-peso bill• a province, a city, a bridge and a university in Manila are

named after him• his body lies within the special monument on Quezon

Memorial Circle

Second President of the Commonwealth

Birth date: September 9, 1878Died- October 19, 1961Term: August 1, 1944- May 27, 1946

José P. Laurel's presidency is controversial. He was officially the government's caretaker during the Japanese occupation of World War II. Criticized as a traitor by some, his indictment for treason was superseded later by an amnesty proclamation in 1948.

JOSE P. LAUREL

Contributions and Achievements:• since the early 1960s, Laurel considered a

legitimate president of the Philippines• organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod

sa Bagong Pilipinas, or Association for Service to the New Philippines), a provisional government during Japanese occupation

• declared Martial Law and war between the Philippines and the U.S./United Kingdom in 1944

• with his family, established the Lyceum of the Philippines

Third Philippine Republic

Presidents

MANUEL ACUÑA ROXAS

Birthdate: January 1, 1892Died- April 15, 1948Last President of the Commonwealth

Term: May 28, 1946- July 4, 1946First President of the Third Republic of the PhilippinesTerm: July 4, 1946- April 15, 1948

Political leader and first president of the independence republic of the Philippines.

Contributions and Achievements:• inaugurated as the first president of the new

Republic after World War II• reconstruction from war damage and life

without foreign rule began during his presidency

• appears on the 100-peso bill

ELPIDIO QUIRINO

Second President, Third Republic of the Philippines

Birth date: November 16, 1890Died: February 28, 1956Term: April 17, 1948- November 10, 1953

Political leader and second president of the Independence Republic of the Philippines.

Contributions and Achievements:• Hukbalahap guerrilla movement active during

his presidency• created Social Security Commission• created Integrity Board to monitor graft and

corruption• Quezon City became capital of the Philippines

in 1948

Hukbalahap Guerrilla Movement

• Ang Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon, na karaniwang tinatawag na HUKBALAHAP ay isang sandatahang kalaban ng mga Hapon noong nasasakop pa nila ang Pilipinas. SiLuis Taruc ng Gitnang Luzon ang nagtatag ng kilusang ito upang makamit ang kalayaan ng Pilipinas laban sa pagmamalupit ng mga Hapones. Nagkaisa ang pangkat na tawagin ito sa ganitong pangalan. Labis ang paggalang at takot ng mga tao sa kilusan. Nagdudulot ng malaking pinsala ang kanilang estratehiyang lusub-takbo sa mga Hapones.

• Nagmumula ang lakas ng Hukbalahap sa mga magsasaka at alipin sa gitnang luzon. Isang layunin ng samahamang ito ay ang unti-unting pabagsakin ang mga hukbong Hapones.

RAMON MAGSAYSAY

(Born- August 31, 1907, died- March 17, 1957)Third President of the Third Republic of the Philippines(Term: December 30, 1953- March 17, 1957)

Best known for successfully defeating the communist led Hukbalahap (Huk) Movement. Idol of the masses, champion of democracy, and freedom fighter.

• Ramon Magsaysay was born in Iba, Zambales. He was a military governor and an engineer. He died in an aircraft disaster while boarding the presidential plane.

Contributions and Achievements:• Hukbalahap movement quelled during his

presidency

CARLOS P. GARCIA

Fourth President of the Third Republic of the PhilippinesBirth date: November 4, 1896, died- June 14, 1971Term: March 18, 1957- December 30, 1961

Famous for his austerity program and policy. He maintained the strong tradition ties with the United States and sought closer relation with non-communist Asian countries.

Contributions and Achievements:• known for “Filipino First Policy,” which favored

Filipino businesses over foreign investors• established the Austerity Program focusing on

Filipino trade and commerce• known as the “Prince of Visayan Poets” and

the “Bard from Bohol”• cultural arts was revived during his term• was the first president to have his remains

buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani

DIOSDADO MACAPAGALFifth President of the Third Republic of the Philippines

Term: December 30, 1961 - December 30, 1965

Poet, politician, lawyer, diplomat, statesman, economist and intellectual, Diosdado Macapagal was born to poverty but rose due to diligence and brilliance.

Contributions and Achievements:• established the first Land Reform Law,

allowing for the purchase of private farmland to be distributed in inexpensive, small lots to the landless

• placed the Philippine peso on the currency exchange market

• declared June 12, 1898 to be Philippines’ Independence Day

• created the Philippine Veteran’s Bank

Fourth Philippine Republic Presidents (Martial Law, "The New Republic" &

Parliamentary Government)

FERDINAND E. MARCOS

Birth date: September 11, 1917, Died- September 28, 1989Term: December 30, 1965- December 30, 1973

President of the Fourth Republic of the PhilippinesTerm: June 30, 1981 - February 25,1986

Philippine lawyer and politician who ruled by martial law and was ousted by a peaceful People Power Revolution in 1986.

Contributions and Achievements:• first president to win a second term• declared Martial Law on Sept. 22, 1972• increased the size of Philippine military and armed

forces• by 1980 the Philippine GNP was four times greater than

1972• by 1986 the Philippines was one of the most indebted

countries in Asia• built more schools, roads, bridges, hospitals, and other

infrastructure than all former presidents combined• the only president whose remains are interred inside a

refrigerated crypt

Fifth Philippine Republic Presidents (Under the new

"People's Power" Constitution)

CORAZON COJUANGCO AQUINO

First President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines and the first woman president of the Philippines.

Birth date: January 25, 1933Term: February 25, 1986- June 30, 1992

Political leader and the First Woman President of the Philippines. She succeeded her murdered husband, Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.(a popular critic of the Marcos administration), as leader of the opposition to President Ferdinand Marcos.

Contributions and Achievements:• first woman to be president of the Philippines or any Asian

country• restored democracy• abolished the 1973 Marcos Constitution and ushered in the

new Constitution of the Philippines• signed the Family Code of 1987, a major civil law reform,

and 1191 Local Government Code, which reorganized the structure of the executive branch of government

• initiated charitable and social activities helping the poor and the needy

• named “Woman of the Year” in 1986 by Time magazine• on the new 500-peso bill together with her husband

Benigno Aquino

Received honors and awards including:• 100 Women Who Shaped World History• 20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th Century• 65 Great Asian Heroes• J. William Fulbright Prize for International

Understanding

FIDEL V. RAMOS

Second President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines

Birth date: March 18, 1928Term: June 30, 1992 - June 30, 1998

As head of the State his administration centerpiece program is the Philippines 2000; which aim to uplift the Philippines as a newly industrialized country by the year 2000.

Contributions and Achievements:• oversaw Philippine economic growth• received British Knighthood from the United Kingdom

by Queen Elizabeth II (Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George)

• hosted the fourth Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Leader's Summit in the Philippines in 1996

• Philippine Stock Exchange became an international favorite during his presidency

• death penalty reinstated while he was in office• signed peace agreement with the rebel Moro National

Liberation Front• During his time miracle rice was produced.

JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA

Third President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines

Birth date: April 19,1937Term: 1998 – 2001

Filipino film actor and director, later politician. He resigned after the impeachment trial against him collapsed.

Known as Erap, Joseph Estrada was the first president who had been a famous film actor. His presidency was controversial. During his years in office, economic growth was slow and he faced impeachment proceedings. He was ousted from the presidency in 2001. He was later convicted of stealing from the government but was pardoned. He ran unsuccessfully for president in 2010.

Contributions and Achievements:• during his presidency Moro Islamic Liberation Front

headquarters and camps were captured• cited as one of the Three Outstanding Senators in

1989• among the “Magnificent 12” who voted to terminate

the agreement that allows for U.S. control of Clark Airbase and Subic Naval Base

GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO

Fourth President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines and 14th Philippine President

Birthdate: April 5, 1947Term: 2001 - June 2010

Description: The daughter of the late President Diosdado Macapagal. The second woman to be swept into the Presidency by a peaceful People Power revolution (EDSA II).

• Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the 14th, president of the Philippines (and the second female president).

• The Oakwood Mutiny occurred during her term. • Arroyo oversaw road and infrastructure improvements and

higher economic growth that presidents before her, but there was also controversy.

• The so-called "Hello Garci" controversy involved recordings that allegedly captured Arroyo ordering the rigging of the election that put her in office.

• In 2005 Arroyo faced impeachment proceedings related to the recordings but the impeachment failed. After she had left office Arroyo faced additional charges of election fraud and misuse of state funds.

Contributions and Achievements:• first and only female vice-president of the Philippines so far• first president to take oath outside Luzon• former Economics professor at the Ateneo de Manila University,

where current president Benigno Aquino III was one of her students

• ex-classmate of former U.S. President Bill Clinton at Georgetown University’s Walsh School of Foreign Service, where she maintained Dean’s list status

• oversaw higher economic growth than the past three presidents before her

• peso became the best-performing currency of the year in Asia in 2007

• eVAT Law was implemented under her term• currently on the 200-peso bill

Benigno "Noynoy" S. Aquino III

15th President of the Republic of the Philippines

Birthdate: February 8, 1960Term: 2010 - Present

Description: His father is Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr. (Vice Governor of Tarlac province) and Mother is Former President Corazon Aquino. His siblings are 5 (Noynoy is the third child and He has four sisters, Maria Elena ("Ballsy"), Aurora Corazon ("Pinky"), Victoria Eliza ("Viel"), and Kristina Bernadette ("Kris"))

Contributions and Achievements:• created the no "wang-wang" (street siren) policy• appointed statesman Jesse Robredo to serve as

secretary of Interior and Local Government in 2010, where Robredo served until his death in 2012

• initiated K-12 education in the Philippines• renamed the Office of the Press Secretary to

Presidential Communications Operations Office and appointed new officers

• oversaw 7.1% growth of the Philippine economy in 2012

1. Who was considered as the architect of Egyptian pyramids

A. Thutmose IIB. KalebC. ImhotepD. Karnak

IMHOTEP was the world's first named architect who built Egypt's first pyramid, is often recognized as the world's first doctor, a priest, scribe, sage, poet, astrologer, and a chief minister, though this role is unclear, to Djoser (reigned 26302611 BC), the second king of Egypt's third dynasty. He may have lived under as many as four kings.

2. Which band played the “Lupang Hinirang” on June 12, 1898?

A. Kawit, Cavite BandB. San Francisco de Malabon BandC. Imus BandD. Cavite Marching Band

About this Song

Composer: Felipe, Julian Lyricist: Jose PalmaArranger: Martin C. MendozaConductor: Ambrosio OrdoñaAlbum: Bayang MagiliwPremiere Performance: First performed by Banda San Francisco de Malabon in Kawit, Cavite, on the occasion of the declaration of Philippine independence on June 12, 1898

3. Which Spanish Governor General had the program on Tabaco Monopoly in 1782?

A. Jose BascoB. Narciso ClaveriaC. Gaspar dela TorreD. Eulogio Despujol

The Tobacco Monopoly refers to the 1782 economic program of Spanish Governor General Jose V. Basco, in which tobacco production in the Philippines was under total control of the government.

5. It is considered to be the place where the first civilization flourished.

A. AfricaB. EuropeC. Middle EastD. Latin America

6. Social Studies is a component of which subject in high school?

A. EnglishB. ScienceC. FilipinoD. MAKABAYAN

7. What was the pseudonym of Andres Bonifacio?

A. Laong LaanB. Agapito BagumbayanC. DimasalangD. Plaridel

Pseudonyms (Pen Names)

1. Antonio K. Abad – Akasia2. Andres Bonifacio - Agapito Bagumbayan,

while his inspiring Katipunan name was Maypagasa

3. José Corazón de Jesús - Huseng Batute4. Jose dela Cruz - Huseng Sisiw5. Emilio Aguinaldo - Magdalo

Pseudonyms (Pen Names)

6. Marcelo H. Del Pilar - Plaridel, Dolores Manapat, Piping Dilat, Siling Labuyo, Kupang, Haitalaga, Patos, Carmelo, D.A. Murgas, L.O. Crame D.M. Calero, Hilario, and M. Dati.

7. Cecilio Apostol - Catulo, Calipso and Calypso8. Valeriano Hernandez Peña - Ahas na

Tulog, Anong, Damulag, Dating Alba, Isang Dukha, Kalampag and Kintin Kulirat

Pseudonyms (Pen Names)

9. Severino Reyes - Lola Basyang10. Francisco dela Cruz Balagtas - Francisco

Baltazar11. Fernando Ma. Guerrero - Fluvio Gil12. Jose Rizal – Dimasalang and Laong Laan13. Mario Ponce - Naning, Kalipulo or Tigbalang14. Antonio Luna - Taga Ilog15. Jose Maria Panganiban - Jomapa

8. It is considered to be the most famous social networking site

A. GoogleB. YahooC. FacebookD. Multiply

9. SONA stands for

A. State of the Nation AddressB. State of the National AssemblyC. Speech of Noynoy AquinoD. Status of the Nation Address

10. Who ordered the use of Spanish surnames among Filipinos during the Spanish Period?

A. Jose BascoB. Narciso ClaveriaC. Gaspar dela TorreD. Eulogio Despujol

11. This hurricane caused a huge devastation in New Orleans in the United States of America. Which

hurricane was this?

A. SandyB. IreneC. KatrinaD. Rita

Hurricane Katrina was the eleventh named storm and fifth hurricane of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the costliest natural disaster, as well as one of the five deadliest hurricanes, in the history of the United States.The most significant number of deaths occurred in New Orleans, Louisiana.

12. What does the Writ of Habeas Data signify?

a. Access to informationb. Access to Votec. Access to transportationd. Access to Languages

Habeas Corpus• a writ issued in order to bring somebody who

has been detained into court, usually for a decision on whether the detention is lawful.

13. What is the term for a Spanish-born Spaniard or mainland Spaniard who

resided in the New World or the Spanish colonies like the Philippines?

Answer: Peninsulares

16. The first leader of the secularization movement was

Answer: Pedro Peláez

But, if the question is “Who was the mestizo priest who led the secularization movement in the Philippines?”

The Answer would be Father Jose Burgos, especially if the choices do not include Father Pedro Peláez

1.It refers to the community of persons more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite

portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants rend

er obedience, and enjoying freedom from external control.

A. Sovereignty B. NationC. Citizenship D. State

2.It refers to the agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried

out.A. GovernmentB. SovereigntyC. ConstitutionD. Laws

3. What are the four elements of state?A. people, territory, sovereignty, governmentB. people, constitution, territory, governmentC. government, law, peace, territoryD. constitution, people, land, independence

4.What theory asserts that the early states must have been formed by deliberate and voluntary compact among the people to form a society and organize government for their common good.

A. Necessity TheoryB. Divine Right TheoryC. Social Contract TheoryD. Social Compact Theory

Necessity And Force Theory

It is a defense used to explain why the committing of a crime should not be punished. Such as a person used force to defend their life from an attacker, or a person drove drunk to evade someone trying to kill him/her. That the defender did what was necessary to save their life and that the defender used force only as needed for self-preservation. It is not unlimited though It is considered valid within reason..such as drunk driver case..it would be accepted until that person exceeded the limits of reasonable distance to be safe from attacker. In the case of using force there are limits as well as the use of self defense to excuse killing an attacker would not be valid if the attacker had no weapon and was 1/2 the size of the defender.

Divine Right Theory

According to the Divine Right of Kings Theory, God created the state, the rulers were appointed by God. They were responsible to God alone and not to any human being. The people must obey the King. Disobedience means not only a crime but also a sin. The Kings became so important that some people considered him to be shadow of God on Earth.

5.Government exists and should continue to exist for the benefit of the people.A. The statement is a general truth.B. The statement is just an assumption.C. The statement is a fallacy.D. There is no basis for judgment.

6.What are the forms of government in which the political power is exercised by a few privilege class.A. Oligarchy and AristocracyB. Aristocracy and MonarchyC. Theocracy and FascismD. Democracy and Tyranny

Oligarchy and Aristocracy

Aristocracy - the ruling power is in the hands of a few privileged class

Oligarchy is a form of government in which all power is vested in a few persons or in a dominant class or clique; government by the few.

Monarchy

Monarchy - the supreme authority is in the hands of a one person only; how he got into power or how long his tenure would be does not matter

Theocracy and Fascism

Theocracy is a form of government in which God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, the God's or deity's laws being interpreted by the ecclesiastical authorities.

Fascism is a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power

Democracy and Tyranny

Democracy is government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.

Tyranny- the government or rule of a tyrant or absolute ruler

7.The precolonial Philippines has no established government. Its villages and settlements were called barangays.

A. Only the first statement is true and correct.B. Only the second statement is true and correctC. Both statements are true and correctD. Both statements are untrue and incorrect.

8.There were four social classes of people in the precolonial barangays. They were the nobles, freemen, serfs, and the slaves.

A. Only the first statement is true and correct.B. Only the second statement is true and correctC. Both statements are true and correct.D. Both statements are untrue and incorrect.

9.What are the two known written codes during the pre-Spanish era in the Philippines?

A. Maragtas and Kalantiaw CodesB. Sumakwil and Sulayman CodesC. Panay and Subanon CodesD. Hammurabi and Ur Nammu Codes

10.Under the Spanish colonial government, who directly governed the Philippines?

A. The Governor-GeneralB. The Viceroy of MexicoC. The Royal AudienciaD. The King of Spain

11.What is the first city to be established in 1565 in the Philippines?

A. ManilaB. DavaoC. CebuD. Iloilo

12.The government which Spain established in the Philippines was defective. It was a government for the Spaniards and not for the Filipinos.A. Only the first statement is true and correct.B. Only the second statement is true and correctC. Both statements are true and correct.D. Both statements are untrue and incorrect

13.What was the secret society founded in 1896 that precipitated the glorious revolution against the Spaniards.

A. The KatipunanB. The KalahiC. The Biak na Bato RepublicD. The Ilustrado

14.Arranged the sequence of governments during the revolutionary era: 1. The Dictatorial Government 2. The Revolutionary Government 3. The Biak-na-Bato Republic 4. The First Philippine Republic

A. 2 3 1 4B. 3 1 2 4C. 4 1 3 2D. 1 2 3 4

17.The Constitution used by the Philippine government from the commonwealth period unt

il 1973.A. The Malolos ConstitutionB. The Biak-na-Bato ConstitutionC. The 1935 ConstitutionD. The 1901 Constitution

20.It is defined as written instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are established, limited and defined and by which thes

e powers are distributed among the several departments or branches for their and useful exercise

for the benefit of the people.A. LawsB. StatutesC. ConstitutionD. Ordinances

21.There is no Constitution that is entirely written or unwritten.A. The statement is true and correct.B. The statement is incorrect.C. The statement is partially correct.D. There is no basis to conclude.

22. Requisites of a good written constitution.A. BriefB. BroadC. DefiniteD. All of the given options

23.Who has the authority to interpret the constitution?

A. Private individualB. CourtsC. Legislative and Executive departments of the

governmentD. All of the given options

24. “We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God , in order to build a just and humane society and e

stablish a government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote our common good, conserve and

develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and the regime of truth, justice, freedom, equality and peace, do

ordain and promulgate this Constitution.” What part of Constitution is this?A. General ProvisionB. AmendmentsC. PreambleD. National Patrimony

WORLD HISTORY

1. The worship of many gods and goddesses of the Egyptians, except during the reign of Pharaoh Akhenaton.

a. monotheism

b. deism

c. polytheism

d. bi-polarize

DEISM

The belief that God has created the universe but remains apart from it and permits his creation to administer itself through natural laws. Deism thus rejects the supernatural aspects of religion, such as belief in revelation in the Bible, and stresses the importance of ethical conduct.

MONOTHEISM

Monotheism is the belief in a single all-powerful god, as opposed to religions that believe in multiple gods. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are widely practiced forms of monotheism.

BIPOLARIZED

Bipolarized is about one man’s personal journey to heal.

WORLD HISTORY

2. It is a concept of two opposing forces believed to be present in all nature in which the Chinese theory relates to as Daoism.

a. yin and yang

b. harmony

c. balance of nature

d. human and earth

WORLD HISTORY

3. Church Reformers called for changes in Church practices. The movement for reforms spread to Northern Europe. Martin Luther was the proponent of such church reforms as embedded in his Twenty One Theses. This movement or changes in the church was known as:

a. Lutheranism

b. Protestantism

c. Calvinism

d. Catholicism

WORLD HISTORY

5. This marked the change in economic life, wherein hand labor was replaced by machineries. It marked the production of new goods faster and cheaper than the domestic system.

a. Scientific revolution

b. Industrial Revolution

c. French Revolution

d. Intellectual Revolution

Sociology and Anhtropology

1. The prohibition of sexual relationship between certain specified relatives.

a. endogamy

b. kinship

c. exogamy

d. incest taboo

Endogamy is when one marries someone within one's own group.

Exogamy is when one marries someone outside one's own group.

Kinship is the state of being related to the people in your family. A feeling of being close or connected to other people.

Sociology and Anhtropology

2. It refers to a social position assigned to a person without regard for the person's unique characteristics.

a. ascribed status

b. social status

c. achieved status

d. civil status

Sociology and Anhtropology

Social status is the position or rank of a person or group, within the society.

Achieved status is a concept developed by the anthropologist Ralph Linton denoting a social position that a person can acquire on the basis of merit; it is a position that is earned or chosen. It is the opposite of ascribed status. It reflects personal skills, abilities, and efforts.

Trends and Issues in the Social Sciences

1. The following except one are characteristics of human rights

a. universal

b. interdependent

c. alienable

d. inherent

Trends and Issues in the Social Sciences

2. It identifies the biological differences between men and women

a. gender

b. sex

c. stereotype

d. peace

Trends and Issues in the Social Sciences

3. It is the social relationship between men and women

a. gender

b. sex

c. stereotype

d. peace

Trends and Issues in the Social Sciences

4. Which of the following human rights documents can be used to protect a 17-year old girl working as prostitute?

a. Convention on Elimination of Discrimination against Women

b. Universal Declaration of Human Rights

c. Convention on the Rights of Child

d. All of the Above

When the Spaniards came to the Philippines, our ancestors were already trading with China, Japan, Siam, India, Cambodia, Borneo and the Moluccas. The Spanish government continued trade relations with these countries, and the Manila became the center of commerce in the East. The Spaniards closed the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico. Thus, the Manila–Acapulco Trade, better known as the "Galleon Trade" was born. The Galleon Trade was a government monopoly. Only two galleons were used: One sailed from Acapulco to Manila with some 500,000 pesos worth of goods, spending 120 days at sea; the other sailed from Manila to Acapulco with some 250,000 pesos worth of goods spending 90 days at sea.