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Lessons 27-28:Passive Voice

Ablative of Agent Transitive/Intransitive Verbs

Nov. 10-17 201!

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All Abo"t Verbs#

• Latin verbs have FIVE (5)characteristics: – Person

 – Number

 – Tense

 – Voice

 – Mood

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Person

• Person=1st !nd "rd 

•  Who is $oing/$i$ it%

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N"&ber

• Number=#in$u%ar P%ura%

• 'o( &an)%

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Person * N"&ber+,art#

#in$u%ar P%ura%

1st &erson I' e'!nd &erson ou ou

(*a%% )'"rd &erson he she the '

 it'

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 Tense

•  TenseTi&e see belo(

•  When $i$ it ,aen%

IMPE+FE,T

PLUPERFECT 

(PAST PERFECT)

P+E#ENT

FUTURE PERFECT F-T-+E

PE+FE,T

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Voice

• Voice: .ctive Passive

• Is t,e s"bect erfor&ing t,e actionor being acte$ "on%

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oo$

• oo$: In$icative I&erative3"b"nctive

• In$icative: state&ents of fact si&le4"estions (e5ve "se$ t,is sinceLatin 1

• I&erative: co&&an$s (e5ve "se$t,is since Latin 1 too#

• 3"b"nctive: con$itions ossibilitiesot,er secial "ses (ait "ntil Latin

6#

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Passive Voice

• Passive Voice $oes NT necessaril)&ean ast tense.

• It refers to (,et,er t,e s"bect iserfor&ing t,e action or

• if t,e s"bect is being erfor&e$"on b) so&et,ing/so&eone else.

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In the active voice the sub/ectPE+F0+M# TE .,TI0N o2 theverb3

Pue%%ae a4uam

 &ortant3

The $ir%s carr at

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In the &assive voice the

sub/ect is .,TE -P0Nb the verb3

Aqua a puellis

portatur.

(The ater is carrie b the $ir%s3)

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•  T,e ,orse is6ic6in$ t,e &an.

•  T,e girl i%% sin$ asong.

• o& as coo6in$$inner.

•  T,e &an is bein$

6ic6ed b) t,e,orse.

• A song i%% be

sun$ b) t,e girl.

• 9inner as bein$coo6ed b) o&.

Active vs. Passive+,ange t,e follo(ing sentences to assive voice. 9o NT c,ange t,e

sentence5s &eaning or tense#

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Ablative of Agent

•  T,e (or$s a; an$ ab; can &eanb); in Latin.

•  T,e) are "se$ (it, assive voiceverbs to tell b) (,o&; so&et,ing is$one.

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Ablative of Agent

•  T,e no"n agent (ill be in t,eablative case.

• Ablative en$ings:

•   -a -o sing"lar

•   -is l"ral.

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Aqua a

puellis

portatur.

ABLATIVEOF AGENT

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In Latin there ares&ecia% endin$s tosho that the verbsare in the &assive

voice7

First %et*s revie the .,TIVE

endin$s o2 the &resent tense3

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Portare8

&resent active

voice•&orto

•&ortas

•&ortat

•&ortamus

•

&ortatis•&ortant

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Portare8&resent

 passive voice•&ortor• I am (being) carried…

•&ortaris•

you are (being)carried…

•&ortatur

•&ortamur

•&ortamini

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Im&er2ect

Tense999&assivevoice• 9bar

•

I as being verbed 

• 9baris• you ere being

verbed 

• 9batur•

!e"s!e"i# as beingverbed 

• 9bamur• e ere being

verbed 

•

9bamini• $%a&& ere beingverbed 

•

9bantur

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Future Tense

999&assive voice 1st

!nd

 con/u$ation• 9bor• I i&& be verbed 

• 9beris• you i&& be verbed 

• 9bitur• !e"s!e"i# i&& be

verbed 

• 9bimur• e i&& be verbed 

• 9bimini• y%a&& i&& be verbed 

• 9buntur• #!ey i&& be

verbed 

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Future Tense

999&assive voice "

rd

;thcon/u$ation• 9ar•

I i&& be verbed 

• 9eris• you i&& be verbed 

• 9etur• !e"s!e"i# i&& be

verbed 

• 9emur•

e i&& be verbed 

• 9emini• y%a&& i&& be verbed 

• 9entur• #!ey i&& be

verbed 

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 Transitive vs. Intransitive

• In <nglis, an$ Latin if a verb ,as a$irect obect it is calle$ transitive3

• If a verb $oes not ,ave a $irectobect it is calle$ intransitive3

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 Transitive vs. Intransitive

• In <nglis, an$ nor&all) in Latintransitive verbs are t,e ones )o" can"se (it, assive voice beca"se )o"

can s(itc, t,e s"bect/$irect obect.