1. Federalists vs. AntifederalistsBellringer: What 3 Amendments from theBill of Rights would you keep and why?

2. Bill of Rights What 3 Amendments did your group keep? Why? 3. FEDERAL Questions What do you think the federalists believedin? What do you think the anti-federalistsbelieve in? 4. Definition Definition: federal, [fed-er-uhl], adjective 1. pertaining to or of the nature of a union of states under acentral government distinct from the individual governmentsof the separate states: the federal government of the U.S. 2. of, pertaining to, or noting such a central government:federal offices. What, at this point of American history,would the federalists and the antifederalistsbe arguing about? 5. Ratification The Constitution and Bill of Rights had beenwritten, now the states had to ratify it The Federal Convention sent the proposedConstitution to the Confederation Congress,which at the end of September 1787submitted it to the states for ratification. Ratify a constitution which limited theirpower and created a strong nationalgovernment 6. The Federalists James Madison was a huge proponent for astrong national government, so he, along withAlexander Hamilton, and John Jay wrote theFederalist Papers A series of 85 articles or essays promotingthe ratification of the United StatesConstitution 77 of the essays were published regularly innewspapers The authors of the Federalists paperswanted to both influence the vote in favor ofratification and to shape futureinterpretations of the Constitution 7. The Federalists The authors asked their readers in the firstpaper: It has been frequently remarked, that it seems to havebeen reserved to the people of this country, by their conductand example, to decide the important question, whethersocieties of men are really capable or not, of establishinggood government from reflection and choice, or whetherthey are forever destined to depend, for their politicalconstitutions, on accident and force. 8. The Authors The authors used the pseudonym "Publius", in honor of Romanconsul Publius Valerius Publicola Authors became powerful political figures Madison became a leading member of the U.S. House ofRepresentatives from Virginia (17891797), Secretary ofState (18011809), and ultimately the fourth President of theUnited States. Hamilton, who had been a leading advocate of nationalconstitutional reform throughout the 1780s and representedNew York at the Constitutional Convention, in 1789 becamethe first Secretary of the Treasury, a post he held until hisresignation in 1795. John Jay, who had been secretary for foreign affairs underthe Articles of Confederation from 1784 through theirexpiration in 1789, became the first Chief Justice of theUnited States in 1789, stepping down in 1795 to acceptelection as governor of New York, a post he held for two 9. Convincing NY The Federalist was written to support theratification of the Constitution, specifically in NewYork. Separate ratification proceedings took placein each state, and the essays were notreliably reprinted outside of New York;furthermore, by the time the series was wellunderway, a number of important states hadalready ratified it, for instance Pennsylvaniaon December 12. New York held out until July 26; certainlyThe Federalist was more important therethan anywhere else 10. Opposition to the Bill of Rights The Federalist Papers (specifically Federalist No. 84) arenotable for their opposition to what later became theUnited States Bill of Rights. The idea of adding a Bill of Rights to theConstitution was originally controversial becausethe Constitution, as written, did not specificallyenumerate or protect the rights of the people, ratherit listed the powers of the government and left allthat remained to the states and the people. Alexander Hamilton, the author of Federalist No. 84,feared that such an enumeration, once written downexplicitly, would later be interpreted as a list of theonly rights that people had. The matter was further clarified by the NinthAmendment. 11. Federalist Papers Today Modern approaches and interpretations Federal judges, when interpreting theConstitution, frequently use the FederalistPapers as a contemporary account of theintentions of the framers and ratifiers. They have been applied on issues rangingfrom the power of the federal government inforeign affairs (in Hines v. Davidowitz) to thevalidity of ex post facto laws 12. Anti-Federalism Anti-Federalism refers to a movement thatopposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federalgovernment and which later opposed theratification of the Constitution of 1787 Led by Patrick Henry of Virginia, Anti-Federalists worried, among other things,that the position of president, then a novelty,might evolve into a monarchy. Publish their own set of essays arguingagainst ratification 13. Famous Men Famous Anti-Federalists Patrick Henry Samuel Adams George Mason Richard Henry Lee Robert Yates James Monroe 14. Ratification Debate During the period of debate over the ratification ofthe Constitution, numerous independent localspeeches and articles were published all acrossthe country. Initially, many of the articles in opposition werewritten under pseudonyms, such as "Brutus,""Centinel," and "Federal Farmer." 15. A New Constitution Ratification Delaware, on December 7, 1787, became the first State to ratify the newConstitution, with its vote being unanimous. Pennsylvania ratified on December 12, 1787, by a vote of 46 to 23(66.67%). New Jersey ratified on December 19, 1787, and Georgia on January 2,1788, both with unanimous votes. The requirement of ratification by nine states, set by Article Seven of the Constitution, was metwhen New Hampshire voted to ratify, on June 21, 1788. In New York, fully two thirds of the convention delegates were at firstopposed to the Constitution. Hamilton led the Federalist campaign. An attempt to attach conditions to ratification almostsucceeded, but on July 26, 1788, New York ratified, with a recommendation that a bill of rights beappended. The vote was close yeas 30 (52.6%), nays 27 due largely toHamilton's forensic abilities and his reaching a few key compromises withmoderate anti-Federalists led by Melancton Smith. The ContinentalCongress which still functioned at irregular intervals passed aresolution on September 13, 1788, to put the new Constitution intooperation. 16. Federalist No. 10 Read Federalist No. 10 Discuss its meaning Current issues dealing with factions 17. Exit Card Answer in packet What were the anti-federalists concerned about? 18. Your Response Do you think political parties are dangerous? Answer in a 2 paragraph response, either citingor disputing Madisons claims in his FederalistNo. 10 Be specific in your response