Lesson Starter• What evidence is there to suggest that the UK’s sickest

city is Glasgow?

• Explain the Glasgow Effect.

• Outline the findings of the CACI report.

What will I learn? • To identify the geographical

inequalities that exist with regard to health inequalities.

Success Criteria •List and explain 3 reasons for geographical

inequalities.

•Outline the findings of the Caci Report.

•List facts and figures which demonstrate the health inequalities that exist in the UK.

•Watch a DVD and select important points that help illustrate what has been learned in this section.

What are Health Inequalities?

There is a great deal of evidence to show that some groups of people are more likely to enjoy better health and have longer life expectancy than others i.e. everyone’s health is not equal. Five ways in which health inequalities can be demonstrated (life expectancy or mortality/morbidity) are by:

1. Geographic location within Scotland, the UK and also within Dundee/Tayside.

2. Social class i.e. between wealthiest and poorest.

3. Gender between males and females.

4. Ethnicity between different ethnic groups.

5. Lifestyle Choices that people make.

Health Health InequalitiInequaliti

eses

Gender Gender Lifestylechoices

LifestylechoicesGeographic

al Location

Geographical Location

Copy the diagram belowCopy the diagram below

Ethnic origin

Ethnic originEconomic

StatusEconomic

Status

Explaining Geographic Health Explaining Geographic Health InequalitiesInequalities

There is a wealth of evidence to There is a wealth of evidence to demonstrate that the people living in demonstrate that the people living in the wealthiest areas of the country the wealthiest areas of the country enjoy better health, lower death enjoy better health, lower death rates and longer life expectancy rates and longer life expectancy than those living in the poorest than those living in the poorest areas.areas.

•In your

opinion, why do you think where you live can affect your health?

Task

Geographical Inequalities

Geographical Inequalities

Geographical Inequalities

Linked very closely to social class:

• Poverty greatest in west of Scotland, Poverty greatest in west of Scotland, Wales, northern England, Northern Ireland Wales, northern England, Northern Ireland and in large inner cities (London, and in large inner cities (London, Birmingham, Manchester, etc.). Birmingham, Manchester, etc.).

• All areas of high unemployment and social All areas of high unemployment and social deprivation.deprivation.

• These areas have less These areas have less professional/managerial jobs. Former professional/managerial jobs. Former manufacturing areas.manufacturing areas.

Geographical Inequalities – Caci Report• The CACI Report (2006) - made all the

headlines. Took a variety of statistics and confirmed the shockingly unhealthy lifestyles of a significant number of Scots.

• The report found that Scots are more likely to suffer long-term illness, take less exercise, be more overweight and spend more on cigarettes and alcohol rather than other Britons.

• Highlights the link between urban deprivation and ill health.

• Also highlights the “North-South” divide. Significantly, all of the worst areas are in run down housing estates either on the periphery of a city or in the inner city.

• Herald newspaper summed the findings of the report - ‘Scotland the sick man of the UK with 22 of the top 25 illness areas.

• Emphasised the geographical divide with poverty being the main cause.

Geographical Inequalities – Caci Report

Geographical Inequalities

On the next few slides there is data showing evidence of health inequalities.

Task:Make notes from the next few slides on the differences in life expectancy.Once you have done this try to some up, in a few sentences, what the evidence shows you.

Evidence of Health Inequalities – Geographic location: Life Expectancy in the UK Regions and

by Gender

Evidence of Health Inequalities – Geographic location: Comparison of Life Expectancy in

Glasgow and East Dunbartonshire

Areas with the lowest male life expectancy in the UK

Local areaCountry / Region

Life expectancy at birth

Glasgow City Scotland 72.6Inverclyde Scotland 73.7Blackpool North-west 74.0

West Dunbartonshire

Scotland 74.1

Dundee City Scotland 74.3Manchester North-west 74.8

North Lanarkshire Scotland 74.9

BelfastNorthern Ireland

75.2

Renfrewshire Scotland 75.3Burnley North-west 75.0

Areas with the highest male life expectancy in the UKLocal area

Country / Region

Life expectancy at birth

East Dorset South-west 82.9Hart South-east 82.9

South Cambridgeshire

East 82.8

South Northamptonshire

East Midlands 82.2

Guildford South-east 82.1Kensington and

ChelseaLondon 82.1

Chiltern South-east 82.1Harrow London 82.0

Christchurch South-west 82.0Epsom and Ewell South-east 82.0

Areas with the lowest female life expectancy in the UK

Local areaCountry / Region

Life expectancy at birth

Corby East midlands 80.2West Lothian Scotland 80.1

Blackpool North-west 80.0

Inverclyde Scotland 79.9

Blaenau Gwent Wales 79.9Manchester North-west 79.5Dundee City Scotland 79.3

North Lanarkshire Scotland 79.1

West Dunbartonshire

Scotland 78.7

Glasgow City Scotland 78.5

Areas with the highest female life expectancy in the UKLocal area

Country / Region

Life expectancy at birth

Purbeck South-west 86.6East Dorset South-west 86.5

Richmond upon Thames

London 85.9

Winchester South-east 85.9South Cambridgeshire East 85.9

Chiltern South-east 85.8Cotswold South-west 85.8

Kensington and Chelsea

London 85.8

Hart South-east 85.6Harrow London 85.6

Paired Reading Task

•Your teacher will give you a news article from the BBC on why Glasgow is the UK’s sickest city.

•Working with a partner (call yourselves A and B), split the article into equal sections (sections A and B).

•You must read your part of the article and then teach your partner the bit that you have read and vice versa.

•At the end, make a summary of what you have learned. You can use the article to help you.

What will I learn? • To outline the meaning of the

‘Glasgow effect’.

Success Criteria •Identify and discuss stereotypes that

exist in Glasgow.

•List statistics that highlight Glasgow’s special health problems.

•Explain why it is important not to stereotype all people who live in Glasgow.

•Identify and explain three reasons for ‘The Glasgow Effect’.

•Outline the meaning of ‘biology of poverty’.

• Copy this onto a

graffiti board• Individually, write

down why you think depending on where you live affects your health.

• As a group, decide on your top 5 and be prepared to share them with the class.

1.2.3.4.5.

Task

The Glasgow Effect• The Tears That Made the Clyde is an

academic study of health inequalities.• Builds on the work done by Sir Harry Burns,

Chief Medical expert for Scotland. • A clear consensus has emerged.• Glasgow's citizens suffer more from:

• poor diet• smoking

• alcohol abuse• drug abuse

• low emotional self-esteem

Questions

1. Using your hand out ‘The Glasgow Effect’ provide six pieces of evidence that suggests that Glasgow has special health problems.

2. In pairs, decide which pieces of evidence surprise you the most and discuss why.

Glasgow, the second city of the empire

Why is it important not to stereotype people who live in Glasgow?

Glasgow

DrumchapelIt is misleading to stereotype people from Glasgow council estates, such as Drumchapel, as being poor, workshy and drug addicted.

In recent years, Drumchapel has been transformed: there are many attractive houses, a brand new secondary school and professional families from immigrant backgrounds bringing a new vibrancy to the community which has been badly misrepresented.

Lesson Starter

1. What is the Glasgow Effect? Outline the reasons for all the

bad statistics: 1. Long term unemployment2. Poor Housing3. Political attitudes

The Biology of Poverty• Burns believes that the ‘chaotic

circumstances’ many young people grow up in impacts on their health throughout their life.

• Many middle class people have unhealthy lifestyles too.

• What kills the poor is the harmful messages children receive relating to parenting, employment and housing.

• Healthy lifestyle message can only do so much.

Three Cities Report

•It is clear that poverty is a major factor in explaining health inequalities. However, this cannot explain why the health of Scots in areas of deprivation is worse than their counterparts in England.

•Three Cities Report- 2010

•Research examined the health and death rates of the citizens of Glasgow, Manchester and Liverpool between 2003 and 2007. These cities have broadly the same deprivation figures.

•Blame Glasgow effect for city’s chronic ill health- not deprivation clearly indicated that lifestyle not poverty was to blame. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0cJ7CX1lCA

Three Cities Report

•Glasgow’s cancer and heart disease rates are well above that of Glasgow and Manchester.

•It is clear that income and poverty are major factors in explaining health inequalities. However it cannot explain why the health of Scots in areas of deprivation is worse than similar areas in England.

•Lifestyle is also an important factor.

Quick Questions

1.1.List statistics that highlight

Glasgow’s special health problems.

2.Explain why it is important not to stereotype all people who live in Glasgow.

3.Identify and explain three reasons for ‘The Glasgow Effect’

4.Outline the meaning of ‘biology of poverty’

Watch • Watch the Wealth and Health

Inequalities DVD from Modernity Scotland.

• As you watch it, take notes.

• If you want to know more about this section, go online and access the article on Health inequalities on Modernity Scotland.

• http://www.modernityscotland.co.uk/cfe-social-inequality/524-article-8-health

Want to know more?

I can… •List and explain 3 reasons for geographical

inequalities.

•Outline the findings of the Caci Report

•List facts and figures which demonstrate the health inequalities that exist in the UK.

•Watch a DVD and select important points that help illustrate what has been learned in this section.