Edith Hamilton(an abridged short story from the original

novel “The Odyssey” by Homer.)

Unlocking Vocabularies

1. Prophetess (‘pra-fe-tes) - a female prophet

2. Fleet (flit) – warship

3. Sacked (saekt) – captured

4. Arrogance (‘ae-ro-gence) – boastfulness

5. Voyage (vo-ij’) - journey / trip

The Greek literature is one of the oldest yet popular literary

resources that has ever made. It reflects the ingenuity and the

creativity of the people during the ancient era.

Plot

Greek fleet journeys back to Sparta. Athena gets angry

because Ajax hurt Cassandra. Poseidon and Athena conjured to send big waves to sweep Greek fleet and destroy them. Ajax was

killed. Menelaus has gone to Egypt and Odysseus was alive but

wandered for 10 years.

I II III IV V VI VII

Plot

In Ithaca, Penelope is pursued by suitors across the land. She hated them and contrives a strategy to prolong their wait. Telemachus

asked helped from Athena. Athena disguised as seafarer and told him to

build a ship. He was jeered by the suitors and went to the sea and prayed again. This time Athena

disguised as Mentor. They left at night and went to Nestor.

III III IV V VI VII

Plot

They arrived at Nestor’s abode but he doesn’t know any news about Odysseus. He told them to go to

Menelaus. They arrived at Sparta afterwards and attended a banquet.

Menelaus told a story about Menelaus and Helen saw that

Telemachus look like Odysseus. Telemachus asked Menelaus about

his father. Menelaus told him that he was in Calypso’s Island.

IIII II IV V VI VII

Plot

Meanwhile, upon Zeus’ command to free Odysseus, Hermes told Calypso to build a ship and send him away. Odysseus sailed home but Poseidon

saw him and he sent big waves. Odysseus woke up and saw that he

was in an island. He saw women bathing and asked help to Nausicaa. She told him to go to his father alone and asked for help. There, he told his

story about his journey.

IVI II III V VI VII

Plot

His journey started from sailing 9 days in the sea and arrived at Lotus

Eaters – Cyclops Polyphemus – Country of Winds (King Aeolus) – Country of Laestrygons – Aeaea

(Circe’s lair) – Erebus (Persephone and Hades) – Sirens – Scylla and

Charybdis – The Island of the Sun – Calypso’s Island – Country of

Phaenicians

VI II III IV VI VII

Plot

Odysseus sailed home and successfully arrived at Ithaca.

Athena talked to him and turned him as a poor man.

Eumaea helped him went to his house. Telemachus headed

home and went to Eumaea and saw his father. They went home

and saw Penelope’s suitor.

VII II III IV V VII

Plot

Penelope told that if anyone sent straight the arrow from

the holes of twelve rings. Odysseus shot the suitors and he all killed them. Penelope

rejoined with Odysseus.

VII II III IV V VII

Elements of A Short Storyo Characters – is a person, sometimes even

an animal who takes part in the action of a short story or other literary work.

o Setting – is the time and place in which the story happens.

o Plot – is a series of events and character actions that relate to the central conflict.

o Conflict – is a struggle between people or things in a story.

o Theme – is the central idea or belief in a short story.

You have to remember that...

An act of heroism and a valiant soul will always prevail and

conquer everything that hinders you to be successful.

Gerunds are one of the three classification under verbals. These are verbs forms that functions as nouns.

In forming the gerund, you should always remember the formula:

main verb + ing

For example:journey + ing = journeyingbelieve + ing = believingdestroy + ing = destroying

4 Functions of Gerunds in a Sentence

Gerunds functions as subjects in the sentence.

Example:o Voyaging back home took Odysseus

forever.o Caring for Odysseus is the passion of

Calypso.o Talking to Teiresias warned Odysseus

about the sacred oxen.

Subject

4 Functions of Gerunds in a Sentence

usually follows after the transitive verb and answers the question who or what.

Example:o Odysseus kept waiting for a sail

homebound. o Telemachus cannot bear seeing her

mother weep.o Poseidon detests looking for Athena.

Direct Object

4 Functions of Gerunds in a Sentence

usually follows after a linking verb /auxiliary verb.

Example:o Polyphemus’ revenge is prolonging the

journey of Odysseus.o Circe’s evil magic is weakening the

assembly of Odysseus.o Athena’s plan is helping Odysseus find a

way.

Subject Complement

4 Functions of Gerunds in a Sentence

usually follows after a preposition.

Example:o Ino, the sea-goddess, succeeded in

helping Odysseus.o By using his eternal prowess, Odysseus

sent straight the arrows.o Athena encouraged Telemachus about

voyaging.

Object of the Preposition

Directions: Find the gerund word and identify its function in the sentence.

1. Athena hated seeing Telemachus cry out of loneliness.

2. Calypso’s love for Odysseus was preventing her to set him free.

3. Penelope missed spending her day with Odysseus.

4. Longing was Odysseus’ hardest trial.

5. Nausicaa finds happiness in doing the laundry.

Direct Object

Subject Complement

Direct Object

Subject

Ob of the Preposition

6. Odysseus’ journey involves fighting a lot of monsters.

7. Menelaus kept narrating about the war.

6. In keeping with his tradition, Telemachus honored Menelaus.

7. Penelope’s suitors were jeering Telemechus.

6. Crying was the only resort of Odysseus to ease his pain.

Direct Object

Direct Object

Ob of the Preposition

Subject Complement

Subject

Thank You for Listening

Prepared by:

Kristine P. Canaya

BSEd-English 4A