Lesson 5 CHAPTER 11 ( Leaf Physiology)
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Transcript of Lesson 5 CHAPTER 11 ( Leaf Physiology)
8/2/2019 Lesson 5 CHAPTER 11 ( Leaf Physiology)
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CHAPTER 11
LEAF PHYSIOLOGY
MR. GENARO ³yhong´ ALDERITE
JR.,MSERM
8/2/2019 Lesson 5 CHAPTER 11 ( Leaf Physiology)
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Metabolism- refers to all chemical processes
that occur in living material.
Types:
1. Anabolism
2. Catabolism
Plant Metabolic processes:
a. Photosynthesis
b. Cellular Respiration
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Photosynthesis- is a process that
converts carbon dioxide into organic
compounds, especially sugars, using theenergy from sunlight.
-occurs in plants, algae, and many species
of Bacteria, but not in Archaea.* Photoautotrophs
* Chemoautotrophs
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2 Parts of Photosynthesis:
1. Light ±dependent reaction
2. Light ±independent reaction
Light-dependent reaction ( PHASE I)
- occur in the thyllakoid membrane- uses light energy to split water ( photolysis). =
chlorophyll is required
- oxygen from water is released in the form of
oxygen gas ( O2)
- the hydrogen (H+) from the split water are
transported by carrier molecules into Phase II.
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Light Independent Reaction ( Phase II)
- occur in the stroma ( the fluid filled area of a
chloroplast outside of the thylakoid
membranes)
- involves combining of hydrogen from the
carrier molecules in Phase I with carbondioxide and previously formed organic (
carbon containing) molecules.
- this reaction requires ATP.- this results in the formation of glucose and
the recycling of organic molecules required to
start Phase I.
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Phase II- Calvin Acid Cycle
3 CO2 + 6 NADPH + 5 H2O + 9 ATP
Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate(GAP) + 2 H+ + 6 NADP+ + 9 ADP + 8 Pi
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1. The enzyme RuBisCO
catalyses the carbo-
xylation of Ribulose-1,5bisphosphate, a 5-carbon compound, bycarbon dioxide (a totalof 6 carbons) in a two-step reaction.
-The initial product of the reaction is a six-carbon intermediate sounstable that itimmediately splits inhalf, forming twomolecules of glycerate
3-phosphate, a 3-carbon compound.
8/2/2019 Lesson 5 CHAPTER 11 ( Leaf Physiology)
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2. The enzymephosphoglycerate
kinase catalyses thephosphorylation of 3PGA by ATP (whichwas produced in thelight-dependent stage).
-1,3bisphosphogly-cerate (glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate)and ADP are theproducts.
*However, note that two
PGAs are produced for every CO2 that entersthe cycle, so this steputilizes 2ATP per CO2 fixed.
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3. The enzyme G3Pdehydrogenase
catalyses the reductionof 1,3BPGA by NADPH
(which is another productof the light-dependentstage).
*Glyceraldehyde 3-
phosphate (also G3P,GP, TP, PGAL) isproduced, and theNADPH itself wasoxidized and becomesNADP+. Again, twoNADPH are utilized per
CO2 fixed
8/2/2019 Lesson 5 CHAPTER 11 ( Leaf Physiology)
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Three Significant Reasons of Photosynthesis:
1. Conversion of Light into chemical energy
2. Release of Oxygen
3. Production of Food
General chemical equation for
photosynthesis
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Cellular Respiration
- chemical energy ( ATP) is made available
through the breakdown of the simple food,glucose.
Two Types:
a. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
b. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
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Anaerobic respiration- requires free oxygen
which results in a more complete breakdown
of food and the release of a maximumamount of energy.
Three Parts:
1. Glycolysis2. Kreb¶s cycle ( Citric Acid Cycle)
3. Electron Transport Chain
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Glycolysis- conversion of glucose into pyruvic
acid and results in the production of a small
amount of ATP and the release of a fewhydrogens and electrons.
General chemical equation:
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Kreb Cycle- continues the metabolism of
pyruvic acid through the number of steps.
- Carbon dioxide , hydrogen molecules andelectrons are released at different steps.
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Electron Transport Chain- hydrogens and
electrons are accepted by oxygen forming
water.- Most energy is released in electron
transport.
Summary of Aerobic respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 +6H20 + Energy
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Anaerobic Respiration
- takes place in the absence of free oxygen
and results in the formation of more complexend products such as alcohol, methane and
lactic acid.