Thurs 28th Feb

DO NOW:

1. Draw a word square for each of the following words:

Level 2 Geography

WORD:

Rain shadow

Sentence using the wordThe rain shadow is on the eastern side of the mountain ranges in NZ.

Definition Image

- An area that is sheltered from rainfall

Skills – pg48

Due: Friday 29th Feb

No essay practice this week.

Homework for Week 5:

Learning Intention:

To be able to describe how different landforms are created

Climatic Patterns and Processes

How are these natural features created?

Task:

Listen to the natural process described so you can re-write it in your own words and provide a labelled diagram.

Tectonic ProcessesEarth’s crust covers the globe – even under the ocean.

The earth’s crust sits on top of the mantle which is full of hot liquid magma. The magma is heated when close to the core and then cools as it heads towards the surface. As the magma rises it cools and therefore heads towards the surface again. This is process is called convection currents.

The convection currents move the earth’s crust – and so the continents “float on top of the mantle”.

Permian225 million yrs ago

Triassic200 million yrs ago

Cretaceous65 million yrs ago

Jurassic150 million yrs ago

Present Day

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Task:1. Discuss what tectonic processes

are so far2. Re-write it in your own words3. Draw an annotated diagram of

the processes so far

Task:

Listen to the natural process described so you can re-write it in your own words and provide a labelled diagram.

Tectonic plate movement and landforms

http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/world_map.html - is a website that show a more detailed version of the plate movements

Diverging Plate Movement – when the plates are moving away from each other

- The land area of the mid-Atlantic Ridge

Thingvellier Fissure Zone

Diverging Plate in reality

Rift zone – essentially a fissure

3 plates moving away from each other. Some say this could create the next major ocean – in a few million years!

Task:1. Discuss what a diverging plate

boundary is and where it occurs2. Re-write it in your own words3. Draw an annotated diagram of

the processes so far

Task:

Listen to the natural process described so you can re-write it in your own words and provide a labelled diagram.

Converging Plate movements – when the plates are moving towards each otherOceanic meets continental

- Oceanic is heavier – so it subducts under the continental plate

- creates volcanoesClick here to see how an eruption is made through this process

Oceanic meets oceanic - buckles as they push together.

The heavier eventually subducts.

- Creates volcanoes

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Continental meets continental - plates collide and fight to push

each other up - Creates mountain ranges

Two continents collide

Plate boundary through the Himalyas

Task:1. Discuss what a converging plate

boundary is and where they occur

2. Re-write it in your own words3. Draw an annotated diagram of

the processes so far

Task:

Listen to the natural process described so you can re-write it in your own words and provide a labelled diagram.

Transform/Lateral movements – when the plates slide past each other (up or sideways)

Massive fault lines that move past each other.

Task:1. Discuss what a lateral and

transform plate boundaries are and where they occur

2. Re-write it in your own words3. Draw an annotated diagram of

the processes so far

Hot spots

New Zealand’s hot spot - Auckland

So tectonic processes create mountains, volcanoes, fautlines, fissures…

What creates flat land?

Fluvial Processes

Transportation – when sediment is transported to another place

Erosion – when sediment is worn down and away

Deposition – when sediment is deposited somewhere

http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/visualization/collections/erosion_deposition.html

Processes to do with rivers

Click on the links to take you to animations of these processes

Volcanic ProcessesWhat do we know about these?

- Magma rises with the convection currents through weaknesses in the crust.

- Magma sits in a magma chamber.- Magma mixes with water – this creates

pressure. When the pressure is too much, the magma rises to the surface of the earth’s crust and explodes – BOOM we have an eruption.

Volcanic Landforms – click on the link to see images

http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol204/volclandforms.htm

http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/visualization/collections/erosion_deposition.html

Reflection• Have you achieved today’s Learning

Intention?

• Write down any questions that you have from today’s lesson.

• In your groups, work out the question you can’t answer.

Learning Intention:

To be able to describe how different landforms are created

• What are tectonic processes? Answer: Tectonic processes are the processes that move the earth’s crust. They involve convection currents, continental drift, earthquakes, volcanic eruption. Tectonic processes is a theory that suggests that the earth’s crust is divided up into sections and the convections currents cause the tectonic plates to move in different directions, creating different plate boundary movements eg. Diverging, converging, lateral/transform boundaries.

•Why is the PACIFIC plate subducting in a different direction to other plates eg the NAZCA plate?Answer: Plates move according to the convection currents – so where some move east, others will move north. Around NZ the Pacific plate is moving to the West and subducts under the Australsia plate. However the NAZCA plate moves to the east thus creating a diverging boundary along the NAZCA/PACIFIC intersection. The NAZCA plate then subducts under the SOUTH AMERICAN plate – toward the West – the opposite to the subduction direction of the PACIFIC plate.

NAZCA

STH AMERICANPACIFIC

Interaction Diagram

Relief

Climate

VegetationSoil

Steep relie

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Steep relief = less soil

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The colder the climate the less and the

smaller the vegetation

The more fertile the soil, the better the vegetation

The more vegetation, the more soil there is

Wea

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Just some ideas…

- http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/dynamic.html

- http://www.geo.wvu.edu/~donovan/geol101/animationindex-mh.htm This site is an absolute must see – the animations are awesome!!!

Thanks to the following websites for these images: