Lesson 42

Voluntary Prayers

Unconfirmed Sunnah accompanying the obligatory prayers:

a) A two-rak`ahs prayer before and after the noon prayer plus the confirmed

Sunnah prayer,

b) a two rak`ahs prayer before the afternoon prayer,

c) a two-rak`ahs prayer before the Sunset prayer,

d) and two rak`ahs prayer after the evening prayer plus the witr prayer.

Voluntary Sunnah are also:

a) Two rak`ahs greeting prayer on entering the mosque.

b) At-Tarawih prayers on the nights of Ramadan, from eight to twenty rak`ahs

c) Tasabih (glorification) prayer, to be performed once in life.

d) The prostration during recitation, when reciting or hearing the Qur’anic verses of

prostration.

e) Ad-Duha (forenoon) prayer from four to eight rak`ahs.

Voluntary Sunnah are also:

f) Two rak`ahs prayer after ablution.

g) Two rak`ahs prayer for seeking guidance (Istikharah) with its specific

invocation.

h) Two rak`ahs prayer to repent.

i) Prostration of gratitude.

j) Two rak`ahs prayer on arrival after traveling.

k) Two rak`ahs prayer before the evening prayer.

Forbidden times for voluntary prayers

It is recommended to perform voluntary prayers at any time other than the

forbidden times: - when the sun has risen, that is, after the

sunrise for almost ten minutes, and afternoon until sunset

Janazah (funeral) prayer

It is a communal obligation. It has the same conditions of regular prayers. It is

performed while standing upright without bowing or prostrating.

It is one rak`ah with four takbirahs:

- to recite al-Fatihah after the first takbirah,

- to invoke benediction on the Prophet (SAWS) like the formula of the

Tashahhud after the second Takbirah

-

- to supplicate for the dead person after the third one,

- and to utter any other supplication after the fourth one.

Then the final greeting at the end of the prayer.

Evidence from Qur’an and Sunnah

  

The unconfirmed Sunnah prayers:

`Abdullah Ibn `Umar (RA) narrated:

“I offered with Allah's Prophet a two Rak`ahs prayer before the Zhuhr (Noon) prayer and two Rak`ahs after the Zhuhr

prayer, two Rak`ahs after Jumu`ah (Friday), Maghrib (Sunset) and `Isha’

(Evening) prayers.” (Reported by Al-Bukhari)

`A’ishah (RA) narrated:

“The Prophet never missed four rak`ahs before the dhuhr (noon) prayer and two rak`ahs before the fajr (dawn) prayer.”

(Reported by al-Bukhariyy)

The Prophet (SAWS) said:

“There is a prayer between the two adhans (adhan and iqamah).”

(Reported by al-Bukhariyy and Muslim)

The Prophet (SAWS) said: “May Allah show mercy to a man who prays four Rak`ahs before the Afternoon

prayer.” (Reported by at-Tirmidhiyy)

 

Nawafil (voluntary prayers):

The Prophet (SAWS) said:

“Allah, the Exalted, said, ‘And My slave keeps on coming closer to Me through performing nawafil (pray or do extra

good deeds besides what is obligatory) till I love him.”

(Reported by al-Bukhariyy)

The Prophet (SAWS) said:“The first thing about which the people will

be called to account out of their actions on the Day of Judgment is prayer. Our

Lord, the Exalted, will say to the angels - though He knows better: Look into the

prayer of My servant and see whether he has offered it perfectly or imperfectly. If it is perfect, that will be recorded perfect.

If it is defective, He will say: See if there are some optional prayers (nawafil) offered by My servant. If there are optional prayers to

his credit, He will say: Compensate the obligatory prayer by the optional prayer

for My servant. Then all the actions will be considered similarly.”

(Reported by Abu-Dawud, at-Tirmidhiyy, and Ahmad)

The prayer of greeting the mosque:

 

The Prophet (SAWS) said:

“If anyone of you enters a mosque, he should not sit until he has offered a two

Rak`ahs prayer.”

(Reported by al-Bukhariyy and Muslim)

Duha prayer:

“The Prophet of Allah (SAWS) said:“Allah, the Exalted, says: Son of Adam, do

not be helpless in performing four Rak`ahs for Me at the beginning of the day, and I will supply what you need till

the end of it.” (Reported by At-Tirmidhi)

Tarawih prayer for the month of Ramadan:

 

The Messenger of Allah (SAWS) said:

“He who performs the optional prayer during Ramadan out of faith and hoping

to earn a reward, his past sins will be pardoned.”

(Reported by al-Bukhariyy and Muslim)

Two Rak`ahs after performing ablution:

The Prophet (SAWS) said:

“If a Muslim performs ablution and does it well and offers prayer, all his (sins)

during the period from one prayer to another would be pardoned by Allah.”

(Reported by Muslim)

 Arrival from a travel:

Ka`b Ibn-Malik (RA) narrated:“When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came back from a journey, he used to start with the mosque wherein he

prayed two Rak`ahs.” (Reported by Muslim)

 

The two Rak`ahs prayer of repentance:

   

The Prophet (SAWS) said:

“When a servant (of Allah) commits a sin, and he performs ablution well, and then stands and prays two rak`ahs, and asks pardon of Allah, Allah pardons him.”

(Reported by at-Tirmidhiyy)

Before the prayer of Sunset:

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:

’“Pray before the Maghrib (Sunset) prayer.’ He (said it thrice) and in the

third time, he said, ‘Whoever wants to offer it can do so.’”

(Reported by Al-Bukhari)

Istikharah prayer:

The Prophet (SAWS) said:“If anyone of you thinks of doing any job, he

should offer a two rak`ahs prayer other than the compulsory ones and say (after

the prayer): O Allah! I ask guidance from Your Knowledge, And power from Your

Might and I ask for Your Great Blessings. You are capable and I am not. You know

and I do not know and You know the unseen.

O Allah! If You know that this job is good for my religion and my subsistence and

in my hereafter-(or said: If it is better for my present and later needs)-then ordain it for me and make it easy for me to get

and then bless me in it.

And if You know that this job is harmful to me in my religion and subsistence and in the Hereafter-(or said: If it is worse for my present and later needs) then keep it away from me and let me be away from it, and ordain for me whatever is good for me, and make me satisfied with it).

The Prophet added that the person should name (mention) his need.”

(Reported by al-Bukhariyy, at-Tirmidhiyy, an-Nasa’iyy, and Abu-Dawud)

Need prayer:

The Prophet (SAWS) said:

“He who performs ablution properly and then performs two rak`ahs while

perfecting them, Allah will give him what he asks sooner or later.”

(Reported by Ahmad)

Tasbih (glorification) prayer:

The Prophet of Allah (SAWS) said to Al-`Abbas Ibn-`Abdul-Muttalib:

`“Abbas, my uncle, shall I not give you, shall I not present to you, shall I not

donate to you, shall I not produce for you ten things? If you act upon them, Allah will forgive you your sins, first and last, old and new, involuntary and voluntary, small and great, secret and open. These are the ten things: you should pray four rak`ahs, reciting in each one Fatihat al-

Kitab and a Surah.

When you finish the recitation of the first rak`ah, you should say fifteen times while standing,). “Subhana Allah Wal Hamdu Lillah Wa La Ilaha Illa Allah Wallahu Akbar” (Glory be to Allah, Praise be to

Allah, There is no god but Allah, Allah is the Greatest.

Then, you should bow and say it ten times while bowing. Then, you should raise your head after bowing and say it ten times. Then, you should kneel down in prostration and say it ten times while

prostrating yourself.

Then, you should raise your head after prostration and say it ten times. Then,

you should prostrate yourself and say it ten times. Then, you should raise your head after prostrating and say it ten times. These are seventy-five times in

each Rak`ah.

You should do that in four Rak`ahs. If you can observe it once daily, do so; if not, then once weekly; if not, then once a

month; if not, then once a year; if not, then once in your lifetime.”

(Reported by Abu-Dawud, at-Tirmidhiyy, and Ibn-Majah)

Prostration of gratitude:

The Prophet (SAWS) said: “I begged my Lord and made intercession for my people, and He gave me a third of my people, so I prostrated myself in gratitude to my Lord. Then I

raised my head and begged my Lord for my people, and He gave me a third of my people, so I prostrated myself in gratitude to my Lord. Then I

raised my head and begged my Lord for my people and He gave me the remaining third, so I

prostrated myself in gratitude to my Lord.” (Reported by Abu-Dawud)

 Recitation prostration:

 The Prophet (SAWS) said:

“When the son of Adam recites the Ayah (verse) of Sajdah (prostration) and then falls down in

prostration, Satan goes into seclusion and weeps and says: Woe unto me, the son of

Adam was commanded to prostrate, and he prostrated and Paradise was entitled to him,

and I was commanded to prostrate, but I refused and I am doomed to Hell.”

(Reported by Muslim)

`Amr Ibn Al-`As (RA) narrated:“The Prophet (SAWS) taught me fifteen

prostrations while reciting the Qur'an, including three in al-Mufassal (The Surahs

starting from Qaf Surah to the end of the Noble Qur’an) and two in Surah al-Hajj.”

(Reported by Abu-Dawud)  

Janazah (funeral) prayer:

 The Messenger of Allah (SAWS) said:

“If three rows of men offer funeral prayer over anyone, his (entry into Paradise)

will become certain.”

(Reported by at-Tirmidhiyy)