Lesson 4 Four Basic Period of Computer History 131108141425 Phpapp02

8/12/2019 Lesson 4 Four Basic Period of Computer History 131108141425 Phpapp02

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Four Basic Periods

ofComputer History



• Pre-mechanical Age

•

Mechanical Age• Electromechanical Age

• Electronic Age



Writing and Alphabets

• Petroglyths (signs or

simple figures carved in

rock)



Petroglyths



Cave painting from Lascaux, France

(15,000-10,000 B.C.)



• Ideographs (symbols to

represent ideas andconcept)



Mayan Ideograph



• Cuneiform – the first true

written language and the first

real information system. (coo-

nay-eh-form)

• Star – heaven or God



Cuneiform



• At around 2000 BC the Phoenicians

created symbols that expressedsingle syllables and consonants

(the first true alphabet)

• Greek adopted the Phoenician

alphabet and added vowels

• Romans gave the letters Latinname to create the alphabet we

use today.



Papers and pens

• Sumerians – stylus and wet clay

• Egyptians – papyrus plants

(2600 BC)

• Chinese – made paper from rags

(100 AD)



Stylus and wet clay

Papyrus Plant



Chinese



Books and Libraries

(permanent storage device)• Mesopotamia – religious leaders

kept the earliest book• Egyptians – kept scrolls

• Greeks – (600 BC) fold sheets of

Papyrus vertically into leaves and

bind them together.



First Numbering System

• Egyptian – Vertical lines (|)for numbers 1 – 9

- U or O – 10

- coiled rope – 100- lotus blossom for 1000

• Hindus – (100 – 200 AD) 9 digit numbering

• 875 AD the concept of zero was developed.



The First Calculator• Abacus – was man’s first recorded

adding machine. Invented in

Babylonia and popularized in China.



Mechanical Age(1450 – 1840)



First Information Explosion

• Johann Guttenberg – Movable metal-

type printing process in 1450.



The first general purpose

computers• John Napier – (1614) a Baron of Merchiston,

Scotland invented LOGS (Logarithm).

•LOGS – allows multiplication and division tobe reduce in addition and subtraction.

• 1614 – Arabian Lattice – lays out a specialversion of the multiplication tables on a set offour-sided wooden rods.(multiply, divide largenumbers and find square and cube root)



John NapierNapier’s Bone



• Wilhelm Shickard – 1623 - (Professor at

University of Tubingen, Germany) – invented

the first mechanical calculator that can workwith six digits and can carries digits across

columns.



• William Oughtred – (1575 – 1660) invented

the slide rule.



• Blaise Pascal (1642) – invented the Pascaline.

(made of clock gears and levers) that could

solve mathematical problems like addition andsubtraction.



• Gottfried Leibniz – (1617) invented Stepped

Reckoner that could multiply 5 digit and 12

digit numbers yielding up to 16 digit numbers.

Stepped Reckoner



• Joseph-Marie Jacquard (1801) developed the

automatic loom (weaving loom) that was

controlled by punched cards.



• Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar -1820 –

developed Arithmometer (the first mass

produced calculator)



• Charles Babbage – invented the difference

engine (1821) and analytical engine (1832).

- Father of modern computer.

Difference Engine Analytical Engine



• Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace Byron –

1842 – the first computer programmer.



Electromechanical Age(1840 1940)



The Beginning of Telecommunications

• Voltaic Battery – first electric battery known

as voltaic pile

- invented by Alessandro Volta



• Telegraph

Samuel F.B. Morse – conceived of hisversion of an Electromagnetic Telegraph

(1832)



Morse Code



• Telephone and Radio

Alexander Graham Bell – 1879 - developedthe first working telephone.



Guglielmo Marconi – 1894 – (RADIO)discovered that electrical waves travel through

space and can produce and effect far from the

point at which it originated.



• George Boole – 1852 – developed

the binary algebra known as Boolean Algebra



Electromechanical Computing

• Pehr and Edward Scheutz – 1853 -

completed a Tabulating Machine,

capable of processing fifteen digitnumbers, printing out result and

rounding off to eight digits.



Dorr Felt – 1885 – devises the comptometer , a

key driven adding and subtracting calculator.

Comptograph containing a built in printer

Comptometer Comptograph



Herman Hollerith – father of information

processing.

Punched Card – provided computer

programmers with a new way to put

information into their machines.

He founded the Tabulating Machine Company ,

later became the Computer Tabulating

Recording Company and International

Business Machines Corporation (IBM)



Herman Hollerith Tabulating Machine



Otto Shweiger – 1893 – invented the first

efficient four function calculator calledMillionaire.



Lee de Forest – 1906 – developed vacuum tubes

This is important for it provided electricallycontrolled switch.



Electronic ge (1941 – present)

Konrad Zuse – 1941 – built the first

programmable computer called Z3.



Howard Aiken – 1942 – developed Mark I the

first stored program computer.



John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry – 1942 –

completed the first all electronic computer

called ABC or Atanasoff-Berry Computer

John AtanasoffClifford Berry

Lesson 4 Four Basic Period of Computer History 131108141425 Phpapp02

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