LESSON 25 TEACHER’S GUIDE Nanotechnology · 2012-08-16 · LESSON 25 TEACHER’S GUIDE...

Number of Words: 2,839

L E S S O N 2 5 T E A C H E R ’ S G U I D E

Nanotechnologyby Patricia Ann Lynch

Fountas-Pinnell Level ZInformational TextSelection SummaryThe scientifi c fi eld of nanotechnology deals with matter on a miniscule scale. Although many nanotech products are currently available, researchers predict that future products will continue to change our lives for the better.

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

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Characteristics of the Text Genre • Informational text

Text Structure • Second-person narrative organized in 10 chaptersContent • Nanotech history and research

• Nanotech products available today and future products in development • Domestic, medical and athletic use of nanotech

Themes and Ideas • Nanotech will bring about greater changes than the computer did.• Medical advances could lead to humans regrowing organs and body parts.• Nano-particle pollution could harm people and the environment.

Language and Literary Features

• Sophisticated concepts explained in conversational language• Informal, upbeat tone• Some fi gurative language: killer clothing

Sentence Complexity • Longer, more complex sentence structures• Commas in series, bullets

Vocabulary • Some scientifi c language with many terms explained in the text or glossaryWords • Many challenging multisyllable words, such as nanotechnology, nanoprobe, millipede

Illustrations • Color photographs and illustrations with captions Book and Print Features • Sixteen pages of text with photographs and illustrations on several pages

• Easy-to-read chapter headings, table of contents, glossary, sidebar, chart, diagram © 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

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Expand Your Vocabulary

implanted – inserted or embedded surgically, p. 11

molecule – the smallest particle into which a substance can be divided without changing its chemical and physical qualities, p. 6

nanotechnology – the science and technology of building electronic circuits and devices from single atoms and molecules, p. 3

probes – a device used to explore and gather information from

the body, p. 11properties – characteristic traits

or qualities, p. 3trials – a series of tests done

to prove something through scientifi c experiments, p. 9

Nanotechnology by Patricia Ann Lynch

Build BackgroundHelp students use their knowledge about technology to visualize the text. Build interest by asking questions such as the following: How has technology changed your life? What technological products would you want researchers to develop in the future? Read the title and author and talk about the cover photograph. Note the ten chapter heads. Tell students that this book is informational text about nanotechnology, a fi eld of science that deals with nanometers, which are one-billionth of a meter in size.

Introduce the TextGuide students through the text, noting important ideas, and helping with unfamiliar language and vocabulary so they can read the text successfully. Here are some suggestions:

Pages 2–3: Have students read the Table of Contents. Suggested language: Notice the names of the chapters and the glossary of terms. Notice the last chapter, “Safe or Sorry.” What’s the likely subject of that last chapter? On page 3, have students look at the photographs and read the captions, which explain the width or thickness of a human of hair and a sheet of paper in terms of nanometers. Ask: The text says that the properties of things change at the small scale of nanotechnology. What are the properties of an object?

Page 5: Direct students to the chapter heading: “Space Age Sports Equipment.” Suggested language: In this chapter, we learn that many of today’s top-of-the-line sporting goods use nanotech materials. What kinds of improvements might be desirable in sports equipment—say a running shoe, for example?

Page 9: Explain that research trials need to be carried out over long periods before new medicines and surgeries can be released. Why are research trials important?

Page 10: Have students look at the photo and read the caption. What ways can you think of that nano-sized devices might help doctors diagnose or treat diseases?

Now turn back to the beginning of the book and read to learn how nanotechnology is changing the way we live.

2 Lesson 25: NanotechnologyGrade 6© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company


ReadHave students read silently while you listen to individual students read aloud. Support their understanding of the text as needed.

Remind students to use the Visualize Strategy to form pictures in their minds of what they are reading.

Discuss and Revisit the TextPersonal ResponseInvite students to share their personal responses to the selection. Suggested language: What did you fi nd most interesting about this text?

Ways of ThinkingAs you discuss the text, help students understand these points:

Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text

• Nanotechnology products are already improving our lives.

• Medical marvels on the horizon will radically change health care.

• Nanotech computers will be smaller, faster, and have improved memory.

• Misusing nanotechnology could have an adverse outcome.

• The future of nanotech is expected to transform medical care.

• Nanotech will have a greater impact than the computer.

• Color photographs and diagrams offer additional insight into the text.

• Sidebar describes how nanotechnology began.

• A chart outlines where nanotechnology is already used.

© 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

Choices for Further Support• Fluency Invite students to choose a passage from the text to demonstrate phased

fl uent reading. Remind them to stress important words in the text and to read at a steady rate.

• Comprehension Based on your observations of the students’ reading and discussion, revisit parts of the text to clarify or extend comprehension. Remind students to go back to the text to support their ideas.

• Phonics/Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and word parts, using examples from the text. Remind students that longer words are often formed from shorter, familiar words. For example, the word nanotechnology on page 3 combines the prefi x nano (Greek for “dwarf”) and technology. You can use a dictionary to learn the meaning of other prefi xes.



Writing about ReadingCritical ThinkingHave students complete the Critical Thinking questions on BLM 25.9.

RespondingHave students complete the activities at the back of the book, using their Reader’s Notebook. Use the instruction below as needed to reinforce or extend understanding of the comprehension skill.

Target Comprehension SkillSequence of Events

Target Comprehension Skill Remind students that they can use sequence of

events to identify the time order in which events occur. Model adding details to the Graphic Organizer, using a “Think Aloud” like the one below.

Think Aloud

In the second box, write: Physicist Richard Feynman invented the idea of working on the scale of atoms in 1959. In the third box, write: Japanese scientist Norio Taniguchi coined the term “nanotechnology” in 1974. Now select the most important event and describe why it was signifi cant to present-day nanotechnology research.

Practice the SkillEncourage other examples from the selection that show the sequence of events.

Writing Prompt: Thinking Beyond the TextHave students write a response to the prompt on page 6. Remind them that when they think beyond the text, they use their personal knowledge to reach new understandings.

Assessment Prompts• The author probably wrote this selection to _________________________________.

• What is the meaning of the word molecule on page 6?

• What nano tool did researches use to destroy cancer cells in mice?



Critical ThinkingRead and answer the questions.

1. Think within the text What is nanotechnology?

2. Think within the text Who is Richard Feynman?

3. Think beyond the text Nanotechnology has been used to kill cancer

cells in mice. What effect could this technology have in the world?

4. Think about the text What are the benefi ts of making something

smaller?

Making Connections What use for nanotechnology do you think will be the most important? Explain your answer.

Write your answer in your Reader’s Notebook.

Lesson 25B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 2 5 . 9

NanotechnologyCritical Thinking

11Critical Thinking© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Grade 6, Unit 5: Taking Charge of Change

Name Date

Nanotechnology is a science that deals with very small things.

Richard Feynman is a physicist who was one of the fi rst

nanotechnology experts.

This technology could be tested on humans and might lead the

way to curing cancer.

Smaller things, such as smaller memory devices, require less

room for storage. Smaller medical devices can be put into our

bodies more easily and are less likely to cause problems.

Possible responses shown.

25.09_6_246260RNLEAN_Crtl Thk.in11 11 6/22/09 2:42:44 PM

English Language DevelopmentReading Support Make sure the text matches the students’ reading level. Language and content should be accessible with regular teaching support.

Cognates The text includes many cognates. Point out the English words and their Spanish equivalents: submarine (submarino), equipment (equipo), and tennis (tenis).

Oral Language DevelopmentCheck student comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches your students’ English profi ciency. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the student.

Beginning/Early Intermediate Intermediate Early Advanced/ Advanced

Speaker 1: What did ancient people put in water to keep it safe to drink?

Speaker 2: silver coins

Speaker 1: What would nano-sized capsules carry through a human body?

Speaker 2: medicines

Speaker 1: When are LCDs diffi cult to see?

Speaker 2: in bright light

Speaker 1: How does soldiers’ “killer clothing” eliminate fungi and bacteria?

Speaker 2: Atoms and molecules act as nano-knives, stabbing harmful substances on contact.

Speaker 1: How would “smart cards” work in an emergency?

Speaker 2: They would convey the patient’s medical history to doctors.

Speaker 1: What is a danger of misusing nanotechnology that concerns scientists?

Speaker 2: The nano-particles could be toxic and cause environmental damage when products start to break down.



Name Date

NanotechnologyThinking Beyond the Text

Think about the questions below. Then write your answer in two or three paragraphs.

Remember that when you think beyond the text, you use your personal knowledge to reach new understandings.

On page 17, the author writes that some scientists are worried about pollution caused by the breakdown of nano-particles, which may be harmful for people and the environment. Her conclusion: “As with any new material, it’s better to be safe than sorry.”

What does this statement tell you about the author’s opinion on safety issues relating to nanotechnology? Do you agree with the author? Given the tremendous potential of nanotechnology to improve people’s lives, do you think nano-tech should grow as quickly as possible, or should it deal first with the dangers of nano-particle pollution? Why? Support your writing as necessary with details from the text.


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Critical ThinkingRead and answer the questions.

1. Think within the text What is nanotechnology?

2. Think within the text Who is Richard Feynman?

3. Think beyond the text Nanotechnology has been used to kill cancer

cells in mice. What effect could this technology have in the world?

4. Think about the text What are the benefi ts of making something

smaller?

Making Connections What use for nanotechnology do you think will be the most important? Explain your answer.

Write your answer in your Reader’s Notebook.

Lesson 25B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 2 5 . 9

NanotechnologyCritical Thinking

Name Date


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1414276

Student Date Lesson 25

B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 2 5 . 1 3

NanotechnologyRunning Record Form

Nanotechnology • LEVEL Z


Behavior Code Error

Read word correctly ✓cat 0

Repeated word, sentence, or phrase

®cat

0

Omission —cat 1

Behavior Code Error

Substitution cutcat 1

Self-corrects cut sccat 0

Insertion the

cat 1

Word told Tcat 1

page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections

5 Nanotech materials are both the present and the future of

sports. Lighter, stronger, and better equipment has come from

nanotech research. Many of today’s top-of-the-line sporting

goods use nanotech materials. Do you play tennis or golf? Do

you ski? Do you ride a bike? Then you may be using nanotech

products!

The lifetime of a tennis ball has been doubled, thanks to an

inner layer of one-nano-thick clay particles mixed with rubber.

This layer slows down air flow within the ball. Slowing down

air flow keeps the ball inflated longer. Tennis rackets with

nano-sized crystals in their frames are both lighter and

stronger than older rackets.

Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read

correctly/111 × 100)

%

Total Self- Corrections


LESSON 25 TEACHER’S GUIDE Nanotechnology · 2012-08-16 · LESSON 25 TEACHER’S GUIDE...

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