Lesson 2 Chapter 3, Lesson 2 1.Key Terms to Know A.Allah-means “god” in Arabic B.Islam—name of...
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Transcript of Lesson 2 Chapter 3, Lesson 2 1.Key Terms to Know A.Allah-means “god” in Arabic B.Islam—name of...
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Lesson 2
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Chapter 3, Lesson 2
1. Key Terms to KnowA. Allah-means “god” in
ArabicB. Islam—name of the
religion; means “submission to Allah”
1. The word Islam derives from the Arabic word meaning “peace”
C. Muslim or Moslem-a term given to the followers of the religion of Islam
1. means “submit to Allah”
D. Mosque—Muslim house of worship
1. it’s a Muslim version of a church or synagogue
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A. Islam is a belief in one god. This makes Islam a
++monotheistic religion.B. Muslims call their god ++"Allah."C. Islam is based on the
life and teachings of ++Muhammad D. Muslims believe in
the prophets: ++Noah, Abraham,
Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad
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E. Muslims believe that Muhammad was the
final prophet F. Muslims believe that they
are the complete people of the ++Bible G. Muslims' holiest book is the
++Koran or Qu'ranH. Muslims believe that Jews
and Christians practice religions that are
++Partially correctI. Muslims believe that Jews and
Christians arePeople of the book
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J.Muslims version of a priest or rabbi is called an
++Imam K.Muslims live their lives
based on the ++Five Pillars of Islam
L. It means internal struggle with temptation, but later will mean to go to war against nonbelievers.
++Jihad--It is commonly misused
by terrorists
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The Five Pillars of Islam
Directions: Use your textbook, “Calliope
Magazine”, and/or the Islam Booklet to complete
the chart
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Profession of Faith
•
Arabic Name: Shanada
Meaning: -Muslims profess
their acceptance of Muhammad as the final prophet.
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Daily prayer
Arabic Name:–Salat
Meaning:
-Muslims must pray five times a day facing Mecca
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Almsgiving
Arabic Name:
Zakat
Meaning:
—giving aid to the poor
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Ritual Fast
Arabic Name:
Sawm
Meaning
—During the month of Ramadan Muslims fast from dawn to dusk
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The PilgrimageArabic Meaning: Hajj
Meaning— Belief that every Muslim
must take a holy trip to Mecca at least once in this/her lifetime.
—Muslims are encouraged to do this, but if they can not afford to travel they are forgiven. |
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What are your impressions of the Five Pillars of Islam?
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Timeline-all dates are in the AD
570 birth
576 Mother dies and he becomes an orphan and he live w/ his grandfather
578 Abd al Muttalib, grandfather, dies and he moves in with his uncle, Abu Talib
578-582-raises goats/sheep
582-begins career as a caravan trader
590-595-meets,works, and marries Khadija
595-610-Years of Meditation
610-1st revelation form the angel Gabriel
613-2nd revelation from the angel Gabriel; Muhammad begins public ministry
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613-616-only 40 members follow his teaching
615-622 Years of persecution
619-Uncle dies
620-Khadija dies
619-620-Years of Sorrow
621-Al Israa and
al-Miraajia
622-Hegira—The Flight from Mecca to Medina; this marks the beginning of Islam and Islamic Calendar
622-630—”Years of Conflict” with the Meccans
--The Islam spreads
630—M’s army conquers Mecca
-M destroys the idols in the Kaaba and rededicates it to Allah
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The Life of Muhammad
632-M’ last Hajj
632—M dies
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Page 8• Abudallah dies before M
was born• Aminah his Mother dies
when M was 6• Nicknames:
– AL Ameen—means trusted one
– Messenger of God
• Raised by his grandther Abd al Muttalib until he was 8
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• At age 8 he was sent to live with Abu Talib and Fatima.– Who were his uncle and
aunt
• M marries Khadija in 595• Qasim-son• Abdullah • Zainab-daughter• Ruqayyah-daughter• Umm Kuthum-daughter
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Wives after Khadija
• 620-sawdah (50)• 620 A’ishah (?) was he
good friend Abu Bakr’s daughter
• Mariah • It is believed that he
had a fourth wife but the name is questionable
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M’s lifestyle at his death
• M died with little possessions.
• In fact, Muhammad had little possessions and many days he and his wives went hungry.
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Holy Books of Islam
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Origins of the Qu’ranAngel Gabriel
recited the chapters or surahs to
Muhammad over the course of 23 years
As Surahs were revealed to M, new surahs he told his
followers
In 633 Abu Bakr
Had the 114 chapters/surahs written down into a book
called the
Qu’ran
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Muslims’ beliefs about the Qu’ran
The Qu’ran is the word sent directly from
The Qu’ran is only written and read in
The word Qu’ran means
What do faithful Muslims do with the Qu’ran
God
Arabic
Recite
They memorize and learn to recite it
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SurahsArranged by
length
Titles come form
The subject they treat orIncorporate a uniquePhrase taken from
A passage
Longer surahs come
1st Deal with
Early historyOf Islam and Set forth lawsAnd principles
For good order of the community
Shorter surahs come
2 Deal with
Early history and basic beliefsOf Muslim faith
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Hadith or
Are based on the reports
sayings actions&
Of Muhammad
Isnad Matn
is is
List of people who Handed down the
Hadith fromGeneration to generation
Is the main text that reportsWhat Muhammad did or
said
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covers
Every aspect of Muslim life
Which are
Faith, religious practices, business transactions, food,Clothing, behavior, marriage, and much more
Muslims strive to make their lives like
Muhammad
Qu’ran HadithUsing
As their guides
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These 2 books provide the basis of Islamic authority, called the
Sunnah
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Abu Bakr
How was he tied to Muhammad
How did heBecomeCaliph
What causedHim to
Lose power
What did he do
OfSignificance?
Father-in-law
1st convert
Good friend
Elected by
Tribal leaders
Died of old age
Reunited
The peninsula
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Umar
How was he tied to Muhammad
How did heBecomeCaliph
What causedHim to
Lose power
What did he do
OfSignificance?
Trusted friend Appointed by
Abu Bakr
Killed by
A Christian
slave
Expanded Islam
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Uthman
How was he tied to Muhammad
How did heBecomeCaliph
What causedHim to
Lose power
What did he do
OfSignificance?
Trusted friend Elected by a
Tribal council
murdered Created a
Strong central gov’t
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Ali
How was he tied to Muhammad
How did heBecomeCaliph
What causedHim to
Lose power
What did he do
OfSignificance?
Blood cousin
Son-in-law
Elected murdered None; created a division in Islam
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Divisions in Islam
Shiites• Means party of ALI• Believed only members of Muhammad’s family could be
his successor• They do not recognize the first 3 caliph• Believed that Imams provide a spiritual link to Allah
Sunnis• Claim to follow the Sunnah• Do not believe in Imams • Believe that all Muslims have
a direct link to Allah
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Largest group of Muslims:
Sunnis
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632
Muhammad dies in
All of ArabiaAt the time of his death they occupied
Who replaced M as leader
Abu BakrCaliph
Is called the
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During his reign he
-consolidated and unified the Muslim communities
Abu Bakr dies in
-634
He is replaced by
-Umar
He conquered the regions of
-Iraq, Iran, Egypt, and Syria
During their conquest they came across Jews and Christians. But they considered them to be
-people of the book
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Because of this the Jews and Christians were given
-Protection and religious freedoms
Umar is murdered in 644 and is replaced by
-Uthman
Who continues the conquest to include
-the rest of the Persina Empire, North Africa and east Armenia
He dies in 656 and takes control
-Ali
Ali was killed during the
-Civil War in 661
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He is replaced by
-Mu’awiyah
He is viewed as the Founder of the great civilization called the
-Umayyad Empire