LESSON 1A – JAPANESE NATIONALISM AND MILITARISMEssential Question

Assess the origins of Japanese nationalism and militarism

Learning Outcomes - Students will:

• Preview – Japan?• Learn about pre and post 1868 Japan• Watch videos about wars in Indo-China

Success Criteria

I can create an outline to answer my essential question

Leave space for 2 lessons

PREVIEW – WHAT DO YOU KNOW?

What countries surround Japan?

What are some facts you know about Japan?

Why do you think Japan attacked America in 1941?

Why do you think Japan decided to ally itself with Germany and Italy?

VOCAB

Humiliating Treaties

Meiji Restoration

Zaibatsu

READINGPg. 10~26

• Make sure you are adding to• Notes• Essential Question

• IB Math• Notes only = max 5• Textbook only = max 5• Notes + Textbook = 6~7

2 lessons on this topic

PRE-1868 JAPANBefore 1868, Japan was a feudal country, mainly agricultural, militarily weak and lacked technological development.

• Strict class system that was hereditary• Tension between the classes

• Merchants – why do we have to give part of our money to Samurai’s?

• Tensions between different daimyo• The feudal lord from different regions

of japan• Shogun – most powerful daimyo

family

• No central tax system• No national army• Isolated itself from the rest of the world

out of fear of Christianity

What do you think

would happen if Japan

were attacked by a

Western Power in this

time? Why?

Don’t Copy, Just info

PRE-1868 JAPAN

1853 – US commander Perry arrives to Japan with the intention of opening up Japan for US trade

• Fear of the US “black ships”

• Reminder of what happened when China resisted the West (Opium Wars)

• Japan was forced to sign “humiliating treaties”

How do you think

Japan will respond

to this event?

1868 - MEIJI RESTORATIONNew Emperor Meiji wanted to turn Japan into a ‘modern’ and ‘civilized’ country

Meiji reformers unified under the phrase ‘rich country, strong army’

• Japanese Nationalism = Western ideas + Japanese culture

• Western ideas

• A national army and mass Conscription(all men over 20 for 3 years)

• End hierarchy system• Mass education for all (’75 – 45% in

school, 1905 – ’98%)• Western dress worn in court• Economic privatisation led by huge

corp called Zaibatsu

COAL PRODUCTION IN JAPAN FROM 1875-1913

Period Coal Production (metric tons)

1875 600,000

1885 1,200,000

1895 5,000,000

1905 13,000,000

1913 21,300,000

THE SIZE OF THE JAPANESE MERCHANT FLEET FROM 1873-1913

Period Number of Steamships

1873 26

1894 169

1904 797

1913 1514

ROAD MILEAGE IN JAPAN FROM 1873-1913

Period Track (miles)

1872 18

1883 240

1887 640

1894 2100

1904 4700

1914 7100

1868 - MEIJI RESTORATION• Japanese Nationalism = Western

ideas + Japanese culture

• Western ideas

• Conscription (ends Samari)• End hierarchy system• Mass education for all (’75 –

45% in school, 1905 – ’98%)• Western dress worn in court• Economic privatisation led by

huge corp called Zaibatsu

• Japanese culture

• Emperor worship• Reintroduce Shinto as the

state religion

IB PRACTICEEssential Question

Assess the origins of Japanese nationalism and militarism

Did we answer the entire question today?

What separate questions are asked here?

• What is the origin of Japanese nationalism?

• What is Japanese nationalism?• What is the origin of Japanese

militarism?• What is Japanese militarism?

Which of these questions can we answer today?

Under your essential question, create an outline for this section

OutlineWhat is Japanese nationalism?

What are its origins?Do you think this is

all there is to these

questions?

• Where could

you find more?

LESSON 1B – JAPANESE NATIONALISM AND MILITARISMEssential Question

Assess the origins of Japanese nationalism and militarism

Learning Outcomes - Students will:

• Preview – Japan?• Learn about pre and post 1868 Japan• Watch videos about wars in Indo-China

Success Criteria

I can continue my outline to answer my essential question

Leave space for 2 lessons

PREVIEW In the West there is England,In the North, Russia.

My countrymen, be careful!Outwardly they make

treaties,But you cannot tell

What is at the bottom of their hearts.

There is a Law of Nations, it is true,

But when the moment comes, remember,

The Strong eat up the Weak.

(Popular Japanese song, 1880s)

How is this source

valuable to an historian

studying Japanese

nationalism

Hint:• On the IB, you will be required to

mention the origin, purpose AND CONTENT

• What does the source say?• Why is this content useful to an

historian studying Japanese nationalism?

VOCAB

Throwing off Asia

Treaty of Shimonoseki

Liaodong Peninsula

Treaty of Portsmouth

READINGPg. 10~26

• Make sure you are adding to• Notes• Essential Question

• IB Math• Notes only = max 5• Textbook only = max 5• Notes + Textbook = 6~7

2 lessons on this topic

JAPANESE IMPERIALISMLessons from the Western nations – the strong eat up the weak

• survival of the fittest (Social Darwinism)

• In the age of empire, Japan needed an empire to survive, or else it will be “eaten up”

• Ex. China - Japan criticized China for not adapting to this new world

• Japan felt obliged to force this ‘progress’ to China and Korea before they were taken over by the west

• There was also a sense of “throwing off Asia”

We must not wait for neighbouring countries to become civilized so that we can together promote

Asia’s revival. Rather we should leave their ranks and join forces with the civilized countries of the West. We

don’t have to give China and Korea any special treatment just because they are neighbouring

countries. We should deal with them as Western people do. Those who have bad friends cannot avoid having a bad reputation. I reject the idea that we must

continue to associate with bad friends in East Asia.

From ‘On Throwing off Asia’ by Fukuzawa Yukichi, Quoted in Oka Yoshitake’s excellent “Prologue” to

Marlene Mayo, ed.,The Emergence of Imperial Japan

1882 – IMPERIAL RESCRIPT…The emperor releases the Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors. This was the official code of ethics for military personnel.

They were instructed to be personally loyal to the emperor, avoid politics, live simply and respect civilians.

Military personnel had to memorise the document, strengthening the unquestioning bond between soldier and emperor.

‘Duty is weightier

than a mountain,

while death is lighter

than a feather’.

SINO-JAPANESE CONFLICT1876 – Treaty of Kanghwa

• Korea gains independence, with Japan receiving preferential treatment

• China is upset because it saw Korea as part of its protectorate

1894-5 – Sino-Japanese War

• Begins as a Korean rebellion against Japan, but results in a Japanese victory over the Chinese

• Treaty of Shimonoseki – Japan gains control of Korea, Manchuria and Taiwan

• However Russia, France and Germany protest and Japan is forced to give up control of the Liaodong Peninsula to Russia

IMPACT OF THE SINO-JAPANESE CONFLICT

Japan gains an empire

An end to the unfair treaties with Western powers

• Ex. 1902 – defensive military alliance signed with Britain against Russia

Development of racist attitudes by the Japanese

• Similar to European attitudes towards Natives in North America

The real birthday of the new Japan … began with the conquest of China. The war is ended; the future, though clouded, seems big with promise; and, however grim the obstacles to loftier and more

enduring achievements, Japan has neither fears nor doubts.

Perhaps the future danger is just in this immense self-confidence. It is not a new feeling created by victory. It is a race feeling, which repeated triumphs have served

only to strengthen.

Quoted from Lafcadio Hearn’s book: Kokoro, by Shumpei Okamoto in Impressions of the Front.

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR 1904-51904 – Japanese fleet launch a surprise attack on Port Arthur

• Japan able to mobilize 1 million soldiers for battles in Manchuria which Japan wins

• 1905 – Treaty of Portsmouth

• Russia recognizes Japan’s claim to Korea and get 25 year lease over Port Arthur

Impact – First time an Asian power has defeated a Western Power

Japan had officially become an Imperial Power. They had ‘thrown off Asia’, defeated the hated Unequal Treaties and had defeated a major Western Power.

IB PRACTICE

Essential Question

Assess the origins of Japanese nationalism and militarism

Did we answer the entire question today?

What separate questions are asked here?

• What is the origin of Japanese nationalism?

• What is Japanese nationalism?• What is the origin of Japanese

militarism?• What is Japanese militarism?

Which of these questions can we answer today?

Under your essential question, create an outline for this section

OutlineWhat is Japanese nationalism?

What are its origins?

What is Japanese militarism?

What is the origin of Japanese militarism?

Do you think this is

all there is to these

questions?

• Where could

you find more?

Could you add more here?