LESSON 16 TEACHER’S GUIDE From Raider to...

Number of Words: 1,307

L E S S O N 1 6 T E A C H E R ’ S G U I D E

From Raider to Peacemakerby Sarah Lin

Fountas-Pinnell Level UInformational TextSelection SummaryMore than 2,000 years ago, a king named Asoka turned from war to peace after seeing thousands of his people killed and injured during a battle. He became a Buddhist and taught peace by following a nonviolent lifestyle and displaying laws about respecting all life on beautifully carved pillars throughout his kingdom.

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Characteristics of the Text Genre • Informational Text

Text Structure • Third-person narrative organized in eight short chapters Content • Move from violence to a respect for all living things

• End of violent royal practices, such as killing peacocks• Information about Buddhism

Themes and Ideas • Peace is better than war.• Respect life in all its forms.• People should treat each other kindly.

Language and Literary Features

• Clear language with conversational tone• Setting distant in time and place from students’ experiences

Sentence Complexity • Many short declarative sentences • Some complex sentences

Vocabulary • Some easy-to-pronounce words, but some may be unfamiliar: sagas, pillarsWords • Some multisyllable words: Mauryan Dynasty, Sanskrit

Illustrations • Introductory illustration and color photographs with captions• Map shows large size of Asoka’s empire

Book and Print Features • Thirteen pages of text with photos or illustrations on most pages © 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

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Target Vocabulary

ancestral – having to do with family members from long ago

artistry – artistic ability or quality, p. 7

destiny – what is expected to happen in a person’s future, p. 4

embodied – to give form or shape, or represent something in a physical way p. 6

forge – to build or create majestic – impressive with

grandeur or beautyrecreational – done for relaxation

and amusement

ruthless – cruel, without pity or compassion for others, p. 4

sagas – long stories, especially those that tell the history and legendary deeds of heroes, p. 6

unearthed – dug up from the ground

From Raider to Peacemaker by Sarah Lin

Build BackgroundHelp students use their knowledge of war and of India to visualize the selection. Build interest by asking a question such as the following: Would it be possible in modern times for rulers to promise not to use military force? Read the title and author and talk about the cover illustration. Note the unusual chapter heads. Tell students that this selection is informational text, so the events and people are real.

Introduce the TextGuide students through the text, noting important ideas, and helping with unfamiliar language and vocabulary so they can read the text successfully. Here are some suggestions:

Page 3: Tell students to look at the map. Suggested language: Turn to page 3 of this book. Look at the dark pink shape that defi nes the size of the land ruled by Asoka, who was a king in India more than 2,000 years ago. The years when he ruled were called a dynasty. How big was Asoka’s kingdom compared to nearby Pakistan?

Page 5: Read these sentences: Asoka decided to follow the ways of Buddhism. From now on, he would live a life that showed respect for all living things. Ask: How would a Buddhist feel about killing people or animals?

Page 7: Direct students’ attention to the chapter head. Explain that Asoka’s laws, called edicts, were displayed on pillars, along with images of animals. Read this sentence: So, the pillars were built with great care and artistry. Ask: If something is made with artistry, how is it made?

Pages 10–12: Point out that chapter headings refl ect the many changes Asoka made in India’s culture. Tell students that 2,000 years after his rule, many Buddhists live in India.

Now turn back to the beginning and read about how this remarkable man changed attitudes about war and the way all living things should be treated.

2 Lesson 16: From Raider to PeacemakerGrade 6© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company


ReadHave students read silently while you listen to individual students read aloud. Support their understanding of the text as needed.

Remind students to use the Summarize Strategy and to put important parts of the text in their own words.

Discuss and Revisit the TextPersonal ResponseInvite students to share their personal responses to the selection. Suggested language: If you could travel back in time and meet Asoka, what questions would you ask him? What would you tell him about modern life?

Ways of ThinkingAs you discuss the text, help students understand these points:

Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text

• More than 2,000 years ago in India, a king named Asoka turned from war and taught peace.

• His laws refl ected his Buddhist beliefs. He wrote them in simple words and posted them on pillars.

• Asoka and the royal court followed the same laws, which included treating all living things with respect.

• All living things, including animals, should be treated with kindness and respect.

• Killing people or animals is always wrong.

• A peace-loving ruler can have a powerful and lasting infl uence on a country.

• The section headings help organize the text.

• The language is simple and descriptive.

• The author includes many details that help readers understand that Asoka was a remarkable man.

© 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

Choices for Further Support• Fluency Invite students to choose a passage from the text to use for a readers’

theater. Remind them to pay attention to punctuation, and to stress certain words to sound as if the narrator were actually speaking.

• Comprehension Based on your observations of the students’ reading and discussion, revisit parts of the text to clarify or extend comprehension. Remind students to go back to the text to support their ideas.

• Phonics/Word Work Remind students that English words come from many different sources. The word pillar on page 6 comes from the Latin word pila and has the same meaning: column. The word edicts on page 10 comes from the Latin word édiíere, which means to declare.



Writing about ReadingCritical ThinkingHave students complete the Critical Thinking questions on BLM 16.7.

RespondingHave students complete the activities at the back of the book, using their Reader’s Notebook. Use the instruction below as needed to reinforce or extend understanding of the comprehension skill.

Target Comprehension SkillCompare and Contrast

Target Comprehension Skill Remind students that as they read, they can

examine how two or more details or ideas are alike and different. Model how to add details to the Graphic Organizer using a “Think Aloud” like the one below:

Think Aloud

On page 3, we see that Asoka was king of a huge empire—both before and after he changed from being a raider to a peacemaker. On page 4, we see that, as a raider, he waged war to acquire land. On page 5, we read that, as a peacemaker, he decided to follow the ways of Buddhism. These details compare and contrast what he was like before and after he became a peacemaker.

Practice the SkillHave students share an example of another selection in which they compared or contrasted how two or more details or ideas were alike and how they were different.

Writing Prompt: Thinking Beyond the TextHave students write a response to the prompt on page 6. Remind them that when they think beyond the text, they use their personal knowledge to reach new understandings.

Assessment Prompts• The fi rst paragraph of page 5 is mainly about _____________________________.

• On page 4 what does the word destiny mean?

• What is the author’s point of view on the subject of Asoka?



Critical ThinkingRead and answer the questions.

1. Think within the text What is Buddhism?

2. Think within the text How did Asoka spread the news of his

changed laws?

3. Think beyond the text Contrast Asoka’s way of ruling to other

leaders. How was he different?

4. Think about the text What was the Law of Piety? Do you think it is a

good law? Explain your answer.

Making Connections Would you have wanted to live under the rule of Asoka? Why or why not?

Write your answer in your Reader’s Notebook.

Name Date

From Raider to PeacemakerCritical Thinking

Critical Thinking© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Lesson 16B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 1 6 . 7

Grade 6, Unit 4: Treasures of the Ancient World9

Buddhism is a religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.

He had them chiseled on rocks and pillars.

Unlike the kings before him, Asoka ruled in peace. He also wrote laws

that were simple to read and understand. Instead of giving himself

special treatment, he followed the same laws as everyone else.

The Law of Piety stated that people should be kind to one another

and respect life. I think that should be a law today. It is important

to respect others and be kind.

Possible responses shown.

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English Language DevelopmentReading Support Pair English-speaking and English language learners so that they can check their understanding with each other. Remind students that when he became a peacemaker, Asoka had the royal family follow the same new laws as his people.

Vocabulary The text includes many undefi ned terms that might be unfamiliar. Explain the meaning of such words as banned (page 2), dynasty (page 3), empire (page 4), and subjects (page 5).

Oral Language DevelopmentCheck student comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches your students’ English profi ciency level. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the student.

Beginning/Early Intermediate Intermediate Early Advanced/ Advanced

Speaker 1: What is the selection about?

Speaker 2: Asoka

Speaker 1: Why did he forbid wars?

Speaker 2: He saw people die.

Speaker 1: When did Asoka become king of India?

Speaker 2: 270 B.C.E.

Speaker 1: Why did Asoka forbid his subjects and royal party to hunt?

Speaker 2: He valued the lives of all living things, including animals.

Speaker 1: Where did Asoka display the laws for his people?

Speaker 2: He had them chiseled onto rocks and huge stone pillars and placed around the country.

Speaker 1: How was the language used in Asoka’s law different from those of previous kings?

Speaker 2: Asoka’s laws were written in plain language, in his own words and style.


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Name Date

From Raider to PeacemakerThinking Beyond the Text

Think about the questions below. Then write your answer in one or two paragraphs.

Remember that when you think beyond the text, you use your personal knowledge to reach new understandings.

After seeing many people killed during a war, Asoka became a Buddhist and tried to teach peace to all his subjects. Why didn’t Asoka force people to follow his religion? How does this tolerance for others reflect his Buddhist beliefs? Do you think a ruler today could have the same kind of peaceful influence that Asoka had? Why or why not?



Critical ThinkingRead and answer the questions.

1. Think within the text What is Buddhism?

2. Think within the text How did Asoka spread the news of his

changed laws?

3. Think beyond the text Contrast Asoka’s way of ruling to other

leaders. How was he different?

4. Think about the text What was the Law of Piety? Do you think it is a

good law? Explain your answer.

Making Connections Would you have wanted to live under the rule of Asoka? Why or why not?

Write your answer in your Reader’s Notebook.

Name Date

From Raider to PeacemakerCritical Thinking

Lesson 16B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 1 6 . 7



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Student Date Lesson 16

B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 1 6 . 1 1

From Raider to Peacemaker

Running Record Form

From Raider to Peacemaker LEVEL U

Behavior Code Error

Read word correctly ✓cat 0

Repeated word, sentence, or phrase

®cat

0

Omission —cat 1

Behavior Code Error

Substitution cutcat 1

Self-corrects cut sccat 0

Insertion the

cat 1

Word told Tcat 1

page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections

4

5

When the battle ended, he stood looking at the bloody scene.

He was horrified. For the first time, Asoka saw the true price of

war. Thousands of people were killed. Thousands more still lay

dying.

Filled with regret, Asoka vowed to make a change. He would

never wage another war. He would never kill to gain land. His

destiny was clear. He would not be known as a ruthless raider.

He would become a peaceful leader.

Asoka decided to follow the ways of Buddhism. From now on,

he would live a life that showed respect for all living things. He

would spread peace, not war.

Asoka wanted to share his beliefs with his subjects. He began

to write edicts.

Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read

correctly/119 × 100)

%

Total Self- Corrections



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