Lesson 1_1 Power Grid and What Can Go Wrong
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Transcript of Lesson 1_1 Power Grid and What Can Go Wrong
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Cyber Infrastructure for the Smart Grid
Dr. Anurag K. Srivastava, Dr. Carl Hauser, and Dr. Dave Bakken,
Power Grid and What can go wrong
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Electric Power Grid
Electric power system grid can be
defined as the entire apparatus of
wires and machines that connects
the sources of electricity with
customers
Power grid is generally divided in
generation, transmission,
distribution and loads
2 http://www.ee-scholarship.org/about-power-engineering-careers/video-library/
http://www.ieee-pes.org/outreach/202-pes-informational-and-promotional-videos
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Power System Structure
http://tcip.mste.illinois.edu/ 3
Nuclear
Gas or CC
Hydro
Coal
• Basics
• Generation &
transmission
• Substations &
transformers
• Control centers
Credit: Jim McCally, Iowa State
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Source: NPR
North American Interconnection…
4
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Energy Control Centers Energy Control Center (ECC):
• SCADA, EMS, operational personnel
• “Heart” (eyes & hands, brains) of the power system
Supervisory control & data acquisition (SCADA): • Supervisory control: remote control of field devices
• Data acquisition: monitoring of field conditions
• SCADA components: » Master Station: System “Nerve Center” located in ECC
» Remote terminal units: Gathers data at substations; sends to Master
Station
» Communications: Links Master Station with Field Devices
Energy management system (EMS) • Topology processor & network configurator
• State estimator and power flow model development
• Automatic generation control (AGC), Optimal power flow (OPF)
• Security assessment and alarm processing
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Substation
Remote
terminal unit
SCADA Master Station
Com
munic
ation lin
k
Energy control center with EMS
EMS alarm display EMS 1-line diagram
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More energy control centers
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What Can go Wrong
8
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Lightning
9
lightning
induced
flashover!
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Lightning
Wind and snow
hurry up, I can’t
hold it much longer
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Deterioration
(insulation failure)
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Time for a nap?
• Lightning
• Wind and snow
• Deterioration (insulation failure)
• Animals (mainly squirrels & snakes, but sometimes….)
What can go wrong
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• Lightning
• Wind and snow
• Deterioration (insulation failure)
• Animals (mainly squirrels & snakes, but sometimes….)
• Trees
What can go wrong
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• Lightning
• Wind and snow
• Deterioration (insulation failure)
• Animals (mainly squirrels & snakes, but sometimes….)
• Trees
• Accidents
• Man made error (mistakes)
All of the previous situations cause faults.
Faults are dangerous situations that can hurt
people and destroy equipment.
Protection equipment removes faults: • Fuses detect faults and melt a wire. Must be
replaced.
• Relays detect faults and signal circuit breaker to trip.
• Circuit breakers open lines. Can be re-used.
What can go wrong
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Power Blackouts