Lesson 1 - Overview of a DAQ System.pdf
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Transcript of Lesson 1 - Overview of a DAQ System.pdf
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LabVIEW Data Acquisition andSignal Conditioning Course
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What You Need To Get Started
Computer running WindowsVista/XP/2000 with the followingsoftware installed: LabVIEW 2009 or later NI-DAQmx 9.0.2 or later
LabVIEW Data Acquisition and SignalConditioning Course Manual
LabVIEW Data Acquisition and Signal
Conditioning Exercise Manual LabVIEW Data Acquisition and Signal
Conditioning Course CD Multifunction DAQ device BNC-2120, wires, BNC cables, and DAQ cable cDAQ chassis, NI 9219 module, and sensors USB cable
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File Locations
The course installer places the course files in the following
location:
Root DirectoryExercises
Solutions
DAQ andSignal
Conditioning
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Instructional Methods
TopicLecture
Quizzes
Demonstrations
ConceptExercise
DevelopmentExercise
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Getting The Most Out Of This Course
Ask questions!
Experiment with hands-on exercises to understand themethods used
Explore solutions Implementations explore a possible solutionyou may find
a better one
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Course Learning Map
Lesson 4
Analog Output
Lesson 3
Analog Input
Lesson 2
DAQ Hardware and Software
Lesson 1
Overview of a DAQ System
Lesson 8
Synchronization
Lesson 7
Signal Conditioning
Lesson 6
Counters
Lesson 5
Digital I/O
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Course Goals
This course prepares you to:
Acquire analog, digital and counter measurements Output analog, digital and counter signals Effectively choose and use signal conditioning Analyze, process and log data Synchronize operations between multiple tasks and devices
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Configuring Your LabVIEW Environment
Options Dialog Box
Block Diagram page UncheckPlace front panel terminals as iconsto place control
and indicator terminals in a compact format
ConfigureBlock Diagram Cleanupto customize your blockdiagram
Controls/Functions Palettes page
Select Load palettes during launchto make Search Palettesimmediately usable after launch Set Palette to Category (Icons and Text)
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TOPICS
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Lesson 1Overview of a Data Acquisition System
A. DAQ System OverviewB. SensorsC. Signals
D. DAQ HardwareE. Signal ConditioningF. DAQ Software
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A. DAQ System Overview
Purpose
To measure an electrical or physical phenomenon such asvoltage, current, temperature, pressure, or sound
Data Acquisition (DAQ) the automaticcollection of data from sensors, instruments,and devices in a factory, laboratory, or in thefield.
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DAQ System Overview
Signal Conditioning
Sensor
Or Signal
DAQHardwareI/O
DAQSoftwareBus
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B. Sensor Overview
What is a sensor?
Types of sensors
Signal Conditioning
Sensor Or
Signal
DAQHardware
I/O DAQSoftwareBus
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What is a Sensor?
A sensor converts physical phenomenainto measureable electrical signals
SignalPhysicalPhenomena
Sensor
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Types of SensorsPhenomena SensorsTemperature Thermocouples
Resistive Temperature Devices (RTDs)
ThermistorsStrain and Pressure Strain gages
Piezoelectric transducers
Sound Microphone
Vibration Accelerometer Position and Displacement Potentiometers
Linear voltage differential transformer Optical encoder
Fluid Head meters
Rotational flowmeterspH pH electrodes
Light Vacuum tubePhoto sensors
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C. Signal Overview
Signal classification
Signal information
Signal Conditioning
Sensor Or
Signal
DAQ
HardwareI/O DAQ
SoftwareBus
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Signal Classification
Analog Digital
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Analog Signals
Continuous signal
Can be at any value withrespect to time
Three types of information
Level Shape Frequency
(Analysis required)
Analog
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Analog Signal Information
AnalysisRequired
Analog
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Analog Signal Level Examples
Common examples oflevel measurements
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Analog Signal Shape ExamplesCommon examples
of shape measurements
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Analog Signal Frequency ExamplesCommon
examplesof frequencymeasurements
AnalysisRequired
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Digital SignalsTwo possible levels:
High/On Low/Off
Two types of information:
State Rate
Digital Signal Example
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Digital Signal Information
Digital
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Digital Signal State Example
Position of the switchdetermines the state of thesignal
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Digital Signal Rate Example Shaft spins Encoder converts rotation into
two digital pulse trains Measure the rate of the pulse
train
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5 Ways to Measure the Same Signal
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D. DAQ Hardware Overview Purpose of DAQ hardware
Transfer data between your sensor/signal and your software
Signal Conditioning
Sensor Or
Signal
DAQ
HardwareI/O DAQ
SoftwareBus
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DAQ Hardware Overview DAQ hardware
Can both acquire and generate analog and digital signalsTransfers signals to and from DAQ software through a bus
(PCI, PCIe, PXI, PXIe, USB, etc)
Signal Conditioning
Sensor
Or Signal
DAQHardwareI/O
DAQSoftwareBus
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E. Signal Conditioning Overview Purpose of signal conditioning
Where signal conditioning occurs Signal conditioning examples
Signal Conditioning
Sensor Or
Signal
DAQ
HardwareI/O DAQ
SoftwareBus
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Purpose of Signal Conditioning Signal conditioning takes a signal that is difficult for your
DAQ device to measure and makes it easier to measure Signal conditioning is not always required
Depends on the sensor or signal being measured
Noisy, Low-Level Signal Filtered, Amplified Signal
SignalConditioning
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Where Signal Conditioning Occurs Can occur in:
Sensor Path between the sensor
and DAQ hardware
DAQ hardware
Signal Conditioning
Sensor Or
Signal
DAQHardware
I/O
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Signal Conditioning Example Strain gage
Needs to receive excitation voltageOutputs a low voltage
Signal conditioning for strain gages
Provide excitation voltageComplete bridge circuit Amplify the signalFilter out noise
Signal Conditioning
Sensor Or
Signal
DAQ
Hardware
I/O
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F. DAQ Software Overview After acquiring data, you usually still need to do more
Signal processing, generate a report, interact with data, etc.
Signal Conditioning
Sensor Or
Signal
DAQ
HardwareI/O DAQ
SoftwareBus
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SummaryQuiz1. List the components of a Data Acquisition System.
?
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SummaryQuiz1. List the components of a Data Acquisition System.
Signal Conditioning
Sensor Or
Signal
DAQHardware
I/O DAQSoftwareBus
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SummaryMatching Quiz1. Sensor
2. Signal Conditioning
3. DAQ Hardware
4. DAQ Software
a) Takes a signal that is difficult for
your DAQ device to measure andmakes it easier to measureb) Transfers signals to and from
software through a busc) Operates on data after it has
been acquired
d) Converts physical phenomenainto measurable electrical signals
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SummaryMatching Quiz Answer 1. Sensor
2. Signal Conditioning
3. DAQ Hardware
4. DAQ Software
a) Takes a signal that is difficult for
your DAQ device to measure andmakes it easier to measureb) Transfers signals to and from
software through a busc) Operates on data after it has
been acquired
d) Converts physical phenomenainto measurable electrical signals
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SummaryQuiz2. Name the 3 types of measurements that can be made of
analog signals.
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SummaryQuiz Answer 2. Name the 3 types of measurements that can be made of
analog signals. Level Shape
Frequency
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SummaryQuiz3. Name the 2 types of measurements that can be made
from digital signals.
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SummaryQuiz Answer 3. Name the 2 types of measurements that can be made
from digital signals. State Rate
