lession1-linuxpreview-091013105123-phpapp02

8/12/2019 lession1-linuxpreview-091013105123-phpapp02

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LINUX PREVIEW

NETWORK ADMINISTRATIONNETWORK ADMINISTRATION



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 2/18

The Virtual File System StructureThe Virtual File System Structure

VFS định nghĩatậ h! "#" "h$"n%ng m& m'( m)t*(+,--t,m h(". (ao t( n&

3â 45ng t6n tậh! "#" thao t#"gn +(9n t:( ; đ<(t=!ng +&>

1. *(+,--t,m-?2. (no4,-? an4

;. o,n *(+,-.



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 ;/18

! th"#$ t%& ti# EXT'! th"#$ t%& ti# EXT' Đ@n Aị "@ -B "a hD th<ng tậ t(n EFT2 +& (Gno4,. Đâ +& m)t

"I t6J" đ(9I h(n đ" (Dt ho" n "hO t65" t( t:( "#" t:( "#"

+o" 4 +(DI Q4ata +o"R ho" +& "hO t:( m)t (Gno4, h#". HD th<ng EFT2 "ho hS "#" (Gno4, +(n t t<( đa ; m$"? 4o

Aậ đ) +:n t<( đa "a m)t tậ t(n +& 2 . UGno4, "hO +=I nhng thông t(n A9 nhng tậ t(n A& th= mV"

đ=!" t6ong hD th<ng tậ t(n. Nh=ng "hJng hông +=I tn tậ t(n

A& th= mV" th5" -5. M'( tậ t(n tWo 6a -X đ=!" hân Y m)t(no4, +=I nhng thông t(n -aI> LoW( tậ t(n A& ZI9n hWn t6I "ậ tậ t(n Ng=[( -B hI tậ t(n. K\"h th=:" "a tậ t(n A& -< ha64 +(n đn tậ t(n. Ng& A& th[( g(an "hOnh -]a tậ t(n +^n "I<( "_ng. `ị t6\ n)( 4Ing tậ t(n t6ong hD th<ng tậ t(n.

C#" th= mV" t6ong EFT2 đ=!" 3,m nh= nhng tậ t(n đ" (Dt"h$a nhng "on t6 đn "#" (Gno4, "a "#" ,nt6.



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 b/18

I(N)*e a#* Data +l)c, i# EXT' FSI(N)*e a#* Data +l)c, i# EXT' FS



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 c/18


m)*e (no4, "an 4,-"6(, on, o* *(+,? 4(6,"to6? -mo+("+(n? +o" 4,A(",? "ha6a"t,6 4,A(", o6 dUde.

O-#er I#.)rmati)# Th, I-,6 an4 g6oI (4,nt(*(,6- o* th, ofn,6- o*

th(- *(+, o6 4(6,"to6. Th(- a++of- th, *(+, --t,m to"o66,"t+ a++of th, 6(ght -o6t o* a"",--,-?

Si/e

Th, -(, o* th, *(+, (n t,-?



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 /18


Timestam&s Th, t(m, that th, (no4, fa- "6,at,4 an4 th, +a-t

t(m, that (t fa- mo4(*(,4

Data+l)c,s

Po(nt,6- to th, +o"- that "onta(n th, 4ata thatth(- (no4, (- 4,-"6((ng. Th, *(6-t tf,+A, a6,o(nt,6- to th, h-("a+ +o"- "onta(n(ng th,4ata 4,-"6(,4 th(- (no4, an4 th, +a-t th6,,

o(nt,6- "onta(n mo6, an4 mo6, +,A,+- o*(n4(6,"t(on.


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Direct)ries i# EXT' FSDirect)ries i# EXT' FS

Direct)ries are im&leme#te* as a s&ecial ty&e ).

.iles0 Actually1 a *irect)ry is a .ile c)#tai#i#$ a list). e#tries0 Each e#try c)#tai#s a# i#)*e #um+er a#* a .ile #ame0



Li#, 2Li3# ,4t5Li#, 2Li3# ,4t5

tWo 6a m)t tn tậ t(n th$ ha( "ho m)t tậ t(n.

T6ong L(n3 tin tW( ha( +oW( +(n t> 60 ar* Li#,> +(n t t6ong "_ng hD th<ng tậ t(n A:( ha((no4, ,nt6 t=@ng $ng t6 đn "_ng m)t n)( 4Ing Aật +jQ"_ng (no4, nIm,6 Ak "hJng t6 đn "_ng 4 +(DIR. Ha64 +(n"hO " th th5" h(Dn đ=!" nI *(+, đ\"h A& ngIin nlm t6n

"_ng m)t hân A_ng Y đĩa. Th5" t ha( *(+,- n& đ9I "hO t:("_ng m)t (Gno4, Aật +j >

ls (il t,-t*(+,1b2c; t,-t*(+,

l# t,-t*(+, t,-t2 ls (il t,-t*(+, t,-t21b2c; t,-t*(+, 1b2c; t,-t2C ha( tậ t(n đ9I " (no4, nIm,6 g(<ng nhaI


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Li#, 2Li3# ,4t5Li#, 2Li3# ,4t5

'0 S).t 2sym+)lic5 Li#, > +& m)t +(n t h#" m& hông -] 4Vng(no4, ,nt6 "ho A(D" +(n t. ChJng ta -] 4Vng h( *(+, đ\"h A&

ngIin hông nlm t6n "_ng m)t Y đĩa.. T_ "hn (s "a +Dnh l# "ho hS tWo 6a m)t -o*t +(n. `\ 4V> ls (il (g*(+,2c; (g*(+,

l# (s (g*(+, anoth,6*(+, ls (il (g*(+, anoth,6*(+,2c; (g*(+, 8;c8 anoth,6*(+,Nh= Aậ (Gno4, nIm,6 "a "#" tậ t(n h#" nhaI. L(Dt m)t

th= mV" -X th -o*t +(n>l6f36f36f3 1 6oot 6oot p, 1>;c anoth,6*(+, Gq (g*(+,G6fG6fG6GG 1 6oot 6oot 2 p, 17>2; (g*(+,



ar* Li#, 7 Sym+)lic Li#,ar* Li#, 7 Sym+)lic Li#,Không " -5 h#" (Dt g(a o6(g(na+ *(+, A& ha64+(n *(+,. Đ 3#"

định "hO -< (Gno4, đ 3,m 2 *(+,- " ha64+(n A:( nhaI ha hôngh( 4_ng +- –+(

l# a" ha"l# 7s a" -a"ls 7i a" ha" -a"12;bc a" 12;bc ha" 12;bc -a"

ls 7il a" ha" -a"12;bc r.. a"12;bc r.. ha"2;b10 r.. -a" Gq a"

M( -5 tha đY( ZI9n hWn A& "h nhân t6n o6(g(na+ *(+, đ9I 4snđn tha đY( t6n "#" ha64+(n- A& ng=!" +W( nh=ng hông nh

h=Bng đn -mo+(" +(n-I9n hWn th h(Dn Q+- –+R t6n -mo+(" +(n hông ao g([ thađY( A& +Iôn +& lr-8r-8r-8. Kh( tha đY( ZI9n hWn t6n -mo+("+(n thk ZI9n hWn -X thâ đY( t6n o6(g(na+ *(+, Qtt nh(n -X thađY( t6n tt " ha64+(n-R.

Ch nhân -mo+(" +(n A& o6(g(na+ *(+, +& h#" nhaI



Permissi)#sPermissi)#s

( 2r-(5 2r-(5 2r((5 6 sam sam9 9 9 9

Ty&e )-#er $r)u& )thers

The .irst item1 -hich s&eci.ies the .ile ty&e1 ca# sh)- )#e ).the .)ll)-i#$:

* : a *irect)ry( 2*ash5 : a re$ular .ile 2rather tha# *irect)ry )r li#,5l : a sym+)lic li#, t) a#)ther &r)$ram )r .ile

;ey)#* the .irst item1 i# each ). the .)ll)-i#$ three sets1 y)u-ill see )#e ). the .)ll)-i#$:r : .ile ca# +e rea*- : .ile ca# +e -ritte# t)8 : .ile ca# +e e8ecute* 2i. it is a &r)$ram5



Usi#$ File System <)mma#*s chm)*chm)*

chm)* ha- tfo m,tho4- o* "hang(ng *(+,nam,

,6m(--(on->1. en, fa (- th, nIm,6(" m,tho4? fh("h -,t- th,

I-,6? g6oI an4 fo6+4 ,6m(--(on- at on",.

2. Th, oth,6 fa to -,"(* "hmo4 ,6m(--(on- (-th, "ha6a"t,6 *+ag m,tho4? fh("h "hang,- on+th, att6(It,- oI -,"(*.


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<hm)* : Usi#$ a .la$ meth)*<hm)* : Usi#$ a .la$ meth)* I*e#tities

u th, I-,6 fho ofn- th, *(+, Qthat (-? th, ofn,6R

$ th, g6oI to fh("h th, I-,6 ,+ong-) oth,6- Qnot th, ofn,6 o6 th, ofn,6u- g6oIRa ,A,6on, o6 a++ QI? g? an4 oR

Permissi)#sr 6,a4 a"",--- f6(t, a"",--8 ,3,"It, a"",--

Acti)#s= a44- th, ,6m(--(on( 6,moA,- th, ,6m(--(on> ma,- (t th, on+ ,6m(--(on


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lession1-linuxpreview-091013105123-phpapp02 14/69Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 1b/18

<hm)* : Usi#$ a .la$ meth)*<hm)* : Usi#$ a .la$ meth)* chm)* u=r- s#ea,ers0t8t H,6, a6, -om, "ommon ,3am+,- o* -,tt(ng- that "an

, I-,4 f(th "hmo4>$=- v a44- f6(t, a"",-- *o6 th, g6oI)(r-8 v 6,moA,- a++ ,6m(--(on- *o6 oth,6-

u=8 v a++of- th, *(+, ofn,6 to ,3,"It, th, *(+,a=r- v a++of- ,A,6on, to 6,a4 an4 f6(t, to th, *(+,u$=r v a++of- th, ofn,6 an4 g6oI to 6,a4 th, *(+,$>r8 v a++of- on+ th, g6oI to 6,a4 an4 ,3,"It, Qnot

f6(t,R a44(ng th, Gw ot(on? oI "an "hang, ,6m(--(on-

*o6 ,nt(6, 4(6,"to6 t6,,-.


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<ha#$i#$ Permissi)#s With Num+ers<ha#$i#$ Permissi)#s With Num+ers Ea"h ,6m(--(on -,tt(ng "an , 6,6,-,nt,4 a

nIm,6("a+ Aa+I,>

r > ?- > '8 > 6( > @

F)r s#ea,ers0t8t1 here are the #umerical&ermissi)#s setti#$s:

( 2 r - ( 5 2 r - ( 5 2 r ( ( 59 9 9

?='=@ ?='=@ ?=@=@



<ha#$i#$ Permissi)#s With Num+ers<ha#$i#$ Permissi)#s With Num+ers

Th, tota+ *o6 th, I-,6 (- -(3? th, tota+ *o6 th, g6oI (--(3? an4 th, tota+ *o6 oth,6- (- *oI6. Th, ,6m(--(on--,tt(ng (- 6,a4 a- b.

To (m+,m,nt th,-, n,f -,tt(ng-? t,>chm)* ?? s#ea,ers0t8t



<ha#$i#$ Permissi)#s With Num+ers<ha#$i#$ Permissi)#s With Num+ers(r-((((((( 2@@5 en+ th, ofn,6 ha- 6,a4 an4 f6(t, ,6m(--(on-.(r-(r((r(( 2??5 en+ th, ofn,6 ha- 6,a4 an4 f6(t, ,6m(--(on-x th,

g6oI an4 oth,6- haA, 6,a4 on+.(r-8(((((( 2B@@5 en+ th, ofn,6 ha- 6,a4? f6(t,? an4 ,3,"It,

,6m(--(on-.(r-8r(8r(8 2BCC5 Th, ofn,6 ha- 6,a4? f6(t,? an4 ,3,"It, ,6m(--(on-x

th, g6oI an4 oth,6- haA, on+ 6,a4 an4 ,3,"It,.(r-8((8((8 2B665 Th, ofn,6 ha- 6,a4? f6(t,? an4 ,3,"It, ,6m(--(on-x

th, g6oI an4 oth,6- haA, on+ ,3,"It,.(r-(r-(r-( 25 EA,6on, "an 6,a4 an4 f6(t, to th, *(+,. Q, "a6,*I+

f(th th,-, ,6m(--(on-.R(r-8r-8r-8 2BBB5 EA,6on, "an 6,a4? f6(t,? an4 ,3,"It,. Qyga(n? th(-

,6m(--(on- -,tt(ng "an , haa64oI-.R

ere are s)me c)mm)# setti#$s .)r *irect)ries: *r-8(((((( 2B@@5 en+ th, I-,6 "an 6,a4? f6(t, (n th(- 4(6,"to6.*r-8r(8r(8 2BCC5 EA,6on, "an 6,a4 th, 4(6,"to6x I-,6- an4 g6oI-

haA, 6,a4 an4 ,3,"It, ,6m(--(on-.



Kh( z-,6 tWo 6a *(+, ho" *o+4,6 m:(? thk ao g([ *(+,

ho" *o+4,6 m:( n& "{ng " m)t ZI9n hWn m"định n&o đ

L!#h umas, : uy# h# mGc H#hL!#h umas, : uy# h# mGc H#h

A\ 4V > *(+,.t3t " ZI9n hWn m" định +& b x*o+4,6 +& 77c



L!#h umas, : uy# h# mGc H#hL!#h umas, : uy# h# mGc H#h

Đ t\nh ZI9n hWn m" định n& L(nI3 -] 4Vngh=@ng h# -aI>Juy# h# mGc H#h ca .ile | – Ima-Juy# h# mGc H#h ca .)l*er | 777 – Ima-Ima- l +i4# m ch#$ ta c th hi!u ch#h

Ima- > hi# th $iQ tr umas, Ima- newNumber : umas, > #e-Num+er A4>

umas, 666

t)uch file

File s c Juy# @@@.




Stic,y +itStic,y +it

Kh( UserA " ZI9n Write đ<( A:( m)t .)l*er thkUserA đ " th 8a +t , mt .ile ho" su+.)l*er n&o #$ay c ,hi UserA hng &hi + ch #h# Y cZ#$ ,h#$ c Juy# h# $[ đ<( A:( *(+, A& -I*o+4,6

n( t6n. Đ 3,m thI)" t\nh "a *o+4,6 h} 4_ngls -ld

`\ 4V. /tm/ " thI)" t\nh 4f63f63f63




Stic,y +itStic,y +it

M" 4_ z-,6 -A hông " ZI9n gk đ<( A:( *(+, 6oot.t3t ?

nh=ng -A " th 3a 6oot.t3t. Đ z-,6y hông th 3a *(+,- "a z-,6 t6ong *o+4,6 m& tt

" z-,6- đ9I " ZI9n ~6(t, "hJng ta h} -] 4Vng pt("(t-> "hmo4 +t folder .




The R))t Direct)ryThe R))t Direct)ry th, *o++of(ng 4(6,"to6(,-? o6 -mo+(" +(n- to

4(6,"to6(,-? a6, 6,ZI(6,4 (n / >

/(n E--,nt(a+ "omman4 (na6(,-/oot ptat(" *(+,- o* th, oot +oa4,6/4,A •,A(", *(+,-/,t" Ho-tG-,"(*(" --t,m "on*(gI6at(on

/+( E--,nt(a+ -ha6,4 +(6a6(,- an4 ,6n,+mo4I+,-/mnt MoInt o(nt *o6 moInt(ng a *(+,--t,mt,mo6a6(+

/-(n E--,nt(a+ --t,m (na6(,-/tm T,mo6a6 *(+,-/I-6 p,"on4a6 h(,6a6"h/Aa6 `a6(a+, 4ata



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 2;/18

Ru##i#$ Pr)$rams at ;))t TimeRu##i#$ Pr)$rams at ;))t Time Th, \etc\rc0*\rc0l)cal -"6(t (- ,3,"It,4 th, (n(t

"omman4 at oot t(m, o6 fh,n "hang(ng 6In+,A,+-. y44(ng "omman4- to th(- -"6(t (- an ,a- fa to,6*o6m n,",--a6 ta-- +(, -ta6t(ng -,"(a+ -,6A(",-o6 (n(t(a+(, 4,A(",- f(thoIt f6(t(ng "om+,3

(n(t(a+(at(on -"6(t- (n th, /,t"/6".4/(n(t.4/ 4(6,"to6 an4"6,at(ng -mo+(" +(n-. Th, \etc\rc0serial -"6(t (- I-,4 (* -,6(a+ o6t- mI-t ,

-,tI at oot t(m,. Th(- -"6(t 6In- -,t-,6(a+

"omman4- to "on*(gI6, th, --t,mu- -,6(a+ o6t-.



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 2b/18

Users a#* ]r)u&sUsers a#* ]r)u&s Cont6o+ o* users an4 groups (- a "o6, ,+,m,nt o* w,4 Hat

L(nI3 --t,m a4m(n(-t6at(on. Users "an , ,(th,6 ,o+,? m,an(ng a""oInt- t(,4 to

h-("a+ I-,6-? o6 a""oInt- fh("h ,3(-t *o6 -,"(*("a+("at(on- to I-,.

Groups a6, +og("a+ ,36,--(on- o* o6gan(at(on? t(ng I-,6-

tog,th,6 *o6 a "ommon I6o-,. z-,6- f(th(n th, -am,g6oI "an 6,a4? f6(t,? o6 ,3,"It, *(+,- ofn,4 th, g6oI. Ea"h I-,6 an4 g6oI haA, a In(ZI, nIm,6("a+

(4,nt(*("at(on nIm,6 "a++,4 a userid QUIDR an4 a groupid

QGIDR 6,-,"t(A,+. y goo4 --t,m a4m(n(-t6ato6 mI-t *(6-t In4,6-tan4 fhatI-,6 a""oInt- an4 g6oI- a6, an4 hof th, fo6.

U * ] M T l



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 2c/18

User a#* ]r)u& Ma#a$eme#t T))lsUser a#* ]r)u& Ma#a$eme#t T))ls

Th, *o++of(ng "omman4 +(n, too+- "an a+-o ,

I-,4 to manag, I-,6- an4 g6oI-> I-,6a44? I-,6mo4? an4 I-,64,+ v Un4I-t6G-tan4a64 m,tho4- o* a44(ng? 4,+,t(ng an4 mo4(*(ngI-,6 a""oInt-.

g6oIa44? g6oImo4? an4 g6oI4,+ v Un4I-t6G-tan4a64 m,tho4- o* a44(ng? 4,+,t(ng? an4mo4(*(ng I-,6 g6oI-.

ga--f4 v Un4I-t6G-tan4a64 m,tho4 o*a4m(n(-t,6(ng th, \etc\$r)u& *(+,.




/,t"/g6oI

A**i UA**i U




A**i#$ a User A**i#$ a User

To a44 a I-,6 to th, --t,m>

1. U--I, th, I-,6a44 "omman4 to "6,at, a +o",4 I-,6a""oInt>I-,6a44 [ options ] <username>

2. zn+o" th, a""oInt (--I(ng th, a--f4 "omman4

to a--(gn a a--fo64 an4 -,t a--fo64 ag(nggI(4,+(n,->a--f4 <username>

Th * li ti . **Th * li ti . **




The c)mma#* li#e )&ti)#s .)r usera**The c)mma#* li#e )&ti)#s .)r usera** G" comment Comm,nt *o6 th, I-,6 G4 home-dir Hom, 4(6,"to6 to , I-,4 (n-t,a4 o*

4,*aI+t /hom,/username G, date •at, *o6 th, a""oInt to , 4(-a+,4 (n

th, *o6mat €€€€GMMG•• G* days NIm,6 o* 4a- a*t,6 th, a--fo64

,3(6,- Int(+ th, a""oInt (- 4(-a+,4. QU* 0 (--,"(*(,4? th, a""oInt (- 4(-a+,4 (mm,4(at,+ a*t,6th, a--fo64 ,3(6,-. U* G1 (- -,"(*(,4? th, a""oIntf(++ not , 4(-a+,4 a*t,6 th, a--fo64 ,3(6,-.R

Gg group-name 6oI nam, o6 g6oI nIm,6 *o6 th,I-,6u- 4,*aI+t g6oI QTh, g6oI mI-t ,3(-t 6(o6to ,(ng -,"(*(,4 h,6,.R

Th * li ti . **Th * li ti . **




The c)mma#* li#e )&ti)#s .)r usera**The c)mma#* li#e )&ti)#s .)r usera** Gm C6,at, th, hom, 4(6,"to6 (* (t 4o,- not

,3(-t. GM •o not "6,at, th, hom, 4(6,"to6. Gn •o not "6,at, a I-,6 6(Aat, g6oI *o6 th,

I-,6. G6 C6,at, a --t,m a""oInt f(th a zU• +,--

than c00 an4 f(thoIt a hom, 4(6,"to6. G a--fo64 Th, a--fo64 ,n"6t,4 f(th "6t. G- z-,6u- +og(n -h,++? fh("h 4,*aI+t- to

/(n/a-h.

GI I(4 z-,6 U• *o6 th, I-,6? fh("h mI-t , In(ZI,an4 g6,at,6 than b? In+,-- th, Go ot(on(- I-,4. `a+I,- ,tf,,n 0 an4 a6,t("a++ 6,-,6A,4 *o6 --t,m a""oInt-.

D l t t * lD l t t * l



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 ;0/18

Delete a user acc)u#t ( user*elDelete a user acc)u#t ( user*el

I-,64,+ G6 ‚ I-,6ƒnam,

Th, I-,64,+ "omman4 mo4(*(,- th, --t,ma""oInt *(+,-? 4,+,t(ng a++ ,nt6(,- that 6,*,6 to+og(n. Th, nam,4 I-,6 mI-t ,3(-t. Th, ot(on-fh("h a+ to th, I-,64,+ "omman4 a6,>

G6 d(+,- (n th, I-,6„- hom, 4(6,"to6 f(++ ,6,moA,4 a+ong f(th th, hom, 4(6,"to6 (t-,+*an4 th, I-,6„- ma(+ -oo+. d(+,- +o"at,4 (noth,6 *(+, --t,m- f(++ haA, to , -,a6"h,4 *o6an4 4,+,t,4 manIa++.

M *i. t *M *i. t *




M)*i.y a user acc)u#t ( userm)*M)*i.y a user acc)u#t ( userm)* I-,6mo4 ot(on‚ I-,6ƒnam, G" "omm,nt

Th, n,f Aa+I, o* th, I-,6„- a--fo64 *(+,"omm,nt *(,+4. Ut (- no6ma++ mo4(*(,4 I-(ngth, "h*nQ1R It(+(t.

G4 hom,ƒ4(6

Th, I-,6„- n,f +og(n 4(6,"to6. U* th, Gmot(on (- g(A,n th, "ont,nt- o* th, "I66,nthom, 4(6,"to6 f(++ , moA,4 to th, n,f hom,4(6,"to6? fh("h (- "6,at,4 (* (t 4o,- not a+6,a4

,3(-t. G, ,3(6,ƒ4at, Th, 4at, on fh("h th, I-,6 a""oInt f(++ ,

4(-a+,4. Th, 4at, (- -,"(*(,4 (n th, *o6mat€€€€GMMG••.

M *i. t *M *i. t *




M)*i.y a user acc)u#t ( userm)*M)*i.y a user acc)u#t ( userm)* Gg (n(t(a+ƒg6oI

Th, g6oI nam, o6 nIm,6 o* th, I-,6„- n,f (n(t(a+

+og(n g6oI.Th, g6oI nam, mI-t ,3(-t. y g6oInIm,6 mI-t 6,*,6 to an a+6,a4 ,3(-t(ng g6oI. Th,4,*aI+t g6oI nIm,6 (- 1.

G a--f4Th, ,n"6t,4 a--fo64? a- 6,tI6n,4 "6tQ;R.

GI I(4Th, nIm,6("a+ Aa+I, o* th, I-,6„- U•. Th(- Aa+I,mI-t , In(ZI,? In+,-- th, Go ot(on (- I-,4. Th,Aa+I, mI-t , nonGn,gat(A,. `a+I,- ,tf,,n 0 an4

a6, t("a++ 6,-,6A,4 *o6 --t,m a""oInt-. yn*(+,- fh("h th, I-,6 ofn- an4 fh("h a6, +o"at,4 (nth, 4(6,"to6 t6,, 6oot,4 at th, I-,6„- hom, 4(6,"to6f(++ haA, th, *(+, I-,6 U• "hang,4 aItomat("a++.d(+,- oIt-(4, o* th, I-,6„- hom, 4(6,"to6 mI-t ,

a+t,6,4 manIa++.

M *i. t *M *i. t *



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 ;;/18

M)*i.y a user acc)u#t ( userm)*M)*i.y a user acc)u#t ( userm)*

GL

Lo" a I-,6„- a--fo64. Th(- It- a „…„ (n *6ont o*th, ,n"6t,4 a--fo64? ,**,"t(A,+ 4(-a+(ng th,a--fo64. €oI "an„t I-, th(- ot(on f(th G o6 Gz.

Gz

zn+o" a I-,6„- a--fo64. Th(- 6,moA,- th, „…„ (n*6ont o* th, ,n"6t,4 a--fo64. €oI "an„t I-, th(-ot(on f(th G o6 GL.

h < * Li O ticha#$e <)mma#* Li#e O&ti)#s



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 ;b/18

cha#$e <)mma#* Li#e O&ti)#scha#$e <)mma#* Li#e O&ti)#s oc! the user"s pass#ord v U* th, I-,6 4o,- not ,3(-t?

I-, th, I-,6a44 "omman4 to "6,at, th, I-,6 a""oInt?

It 4o not g(A, (t a a--fo64 -o that (t 6,ma(n- +o",4. U*th, a--fo64 (- a+6,a4 ,na+,4? +o" (t f(th th,"omman4>

I-,6mo4 GL username $orce immediate pass#ord e%piration v T, th,

*o++of(ng "omman4> "hang, G4 0 username Th(- "omman4 -,t- th, Aa+I, *o6 th, 4at, th, a--fo64

fa- +a-t "hang,4 to th, ,o"h Q†anIa6 1? 170R. Th(-

Aa+I, *o6",- (mm,4(at, a--fo64 ,3(6at(on. Ut m,an-that th, I-,6 mI-t to -,t a a--fo64 th, *(6-t t(m, th,I-,6 +og (n.

Not,? th(- 6o",-- 4o,- not fo6 (* th, I-,6 +og- (n I-(ngth, ppH 6oto"o+.

A**i ]A**i#$ a ]r)u&



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 ;c/18

A**i#$ a ]r)u&A**i#$ a ]r)u& g6oIa44 ot(on-‚ <group-name>

Gg gid 6oI U• *o6 th, g6oI? fh("h mI-t, In(ZI, an4 g6,at,6 than b?In+,-- th, Go ot(on (- I-,4.

G6 C6,at, a --t,m g6oI f(th a U• +,--

than c00.G* E3(t f(th an ,66o6 (* th, g6oI a+6,a4,3(-t-. U* Gg an4 G* a6, -,"(*(,4? It th,g6oI a+6,a4 ,3(-t-? th, Gg ot(on (-

(gno6,4.

User Pri ate ]r) &sUser PriYate ]r)u&s




User PriYate ]r)u&sUser PriYate ]r)u&s w,4 Hat L(nI3 I-,- a user &riYate $r)u& 2UP]R

-"h,m,? fh("h ma,- zNUF g6oI- ,a-(,6 to manag,. y zP (- "6,at,4 fh,n,A,6 a n,f I-,6 (- a44,4 toth, --t,m. A UP] has the same #ame as the user

*o6 fh("h (t fa- "6,at,4 an4 that I-,6 (- th, on+m,m,6 o* th, zP.

zP- ma,- (t (- -a*, to -,t 4,*aI+t ,6m(--(on- *o6 an,f+ "6,at,4 *(+, o6 4(6,"to6 fh("h a++of oth th,I-,6 an4 that user"s group to ma, mo4(*("at(on- toth, *(+, o6 4(6,"to6.

Th, -,tt(ng fh("h 4,t,6m(n,- fhat ,6m(--(on- a6,

a+(,4 to a n,f+ "6,at,4 *(+, o6 4(6,"to6 (- "a++,4 aumas! an4 (- "on*(gI6,4 (n th, /,t"/a-h6" *(+,.T6a4(t(ona++? on zNUF --t,m- th, Ima- (- -,t to 022? fh("h a++of- on+ th, I-,6 fho "6,at,4 th, *(+, o64(6,"to6 to ma, mo4(*("at(on-.

]r)u& Direct)ries]r)u& Direct)ries




]r)u& Direct)ries]r)u& Direct)ries a g6oI o* ,o+, fo6 on *(+,- (n th, /Aa6/UT 4(6,"to6.

pom, ,o+, a6, t6I-t,4 to mo4(* th, 4(6,"to6 It

",6ta(n+ not ,A,6on,. po *(6-t "6,at, an ,ma"-g6oI? a- (n th, *o++of(ng "omman4> g6oIa44 (tƒg6oI Un o64,6 to a--o"(at, th, "ont,nt- o* th, 4(6,"to6 f(th

th, ,ma"- g6oI? t,> "hofn Gw 6oot.(tƒg6oI /Aa6/UT Nof? (t (- o--(+, to a44 th, 6o,6 I-,6- to th,

g6oI f(th th, ga--f4 "omman4>

ga--f4 Ga ‡usernameq (tƒg6oI y++of th, I-,6- to a"tIa++ "6,at, *(+,- (n th, 4(6,"to6f(th th, *o++of(ng "omman4>

"hmo4 77c /Aa6/UT

\etc\&ass-*\etc\&ass-*




\etc\&ass-* \etc\&ass-* Th, /,t"/a--f4 *(+, (- fo6+4G6,a4a+, an4 "onta(n- a +(-t o*

I-,6-? ,a"h on a -,a6at, +(n,. en ,a"h +(n, (- a "o+on

4,+(m(t,4 +(-t "onta(n(ng th, *o++of(ng (n*o6mat(on> Username v Th, nam, th, I-,6 t,- fh,n +ogg(ng (nto

th, --t,m. &ass#ord v Conta(n- th, ,n"6t,4 a--fo64 Qo6 an 3 (*

-ha4of a--fo64- a6, ,(ng I-,4 v mo6, on th(- +at,6R. User ID 'UID( v Th, nIm,6("a+ ,ZI(Aa+,nt o* th,

I-,6nam, fh("h (- 6,*,6,n",4 th, --t,m an4a+("at(on- fh,n 4,t,6m(n(ng a"",-- 6(A(+,g,-.

Group ID 'GID( v Th, nIm,6("a+ ,ZI(Aa+,nt o* th, 6(ma6g6oI nam, fh("h (- 6,*,6,n",4 th, --t,m an4a+("at(on- fh,n 4,t,6m(n(ng a"",-- 6(A(+,g,-.

\etc\&ass-*\etc\&ass-*




\etc\&ass-* \etc\&ass-* )ome directory v Th, a-o+It, ath to th, I-,6u-

hom, 4(6,"to6? -I"h a- /hom,/ˆIan/. *hell v Th, 6og6am aItomat("a++ +aIn"h,4

fh,n,A,6 a I-,6 +og- (n. Th(- (- I-Ia++ a "omman4(nt,66,t,6 Qo*t,n "a++,4 a shell R. zn4,6 w,4 Hat L(nI3?th, 4,*aI+t Aa+I, (- /(n/a-h. U* th(- *(,+4 (- +,*t

+an? /(n/-h (- I-,4. U* (t (- -,t to a nonG,3(-t,nt *(+,?th,n th, I-,6 f(++ , Ina+, to +og (nto th, --t,m.

H,6, (- an ,3am+, o* a /,t"/a--f4 ,nt6> root:%:::root:,root:,in,ash

Th(- +(n, -hof- that th, root I-,6 ha- a shado# pass#ord ? a- f,++ a- a UID an4 GID of . Th, 6ootI-,6 ha- ,root, as a home directory ? an4 I-,-

,in,ash for a shell .

\etc\sha*)-\etc\sha*)-



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 b0/18

\etc\sha*)- \etc\sha*)- ,"aI-, th, /etc\&ass-* *(+, mI-t , fo6+4G6,a4a+, Qth,

ma(n 6,a-on ,(ng that th(- *(+, (- I-,4 to ,6*o6m th,

t6an-+at(on *6om UID to I-,6nam,R? th,6, (- a 6(- (nAo+A,4(n -to6(ng ,A,6on,u- a--fo64 (n /etc\&ass-*.

Th,6,*o6,? th, , etc/shadow file is readale only y the

root user and contains pass#ord Qan4 ot(ona+ a--fo64

ag(ng (n*o6mat(onR *o6 ,a"h I-,6. y- (n th, /etc\&ass-* *(+,? ,a"h I-,6u- (n*o6mat(on (- on a -,a6at, +(n,. Ea"h o*th,-, +(n,- (- a "o+on 4,+(m(t,4 +(-t (n"+I4(ng th, *o++of(ng(n*o6mat(on> Username v Th, nam, th, I-,6 t,- fh,n +ogg(ng

(nto th, --t,m. Th(- a++of- th, +og(n a+("at(on to6,t6(,A, th, I-,6u- a--fo64 Qan4 6,+at,4 (n*o6mat(onR.

\etc\sha*)-\etc\sha*)-




\etc\sha*)- \etc\sha*)- ncrypted pass#ord v Th, 1; to 2b "ha6a"t,6

a--fo64. Th, a--fo64 (- ,n"6t,4 I-(ng ,(th,6 th,

"6tQ;R +(6a6 *In"t(on o6 th, m4c ha-h a+go6(thm. Unth(- *(,+4? Aa+I,- oth,6 than a Aa+(4+G*o6matt,4,n"6t,4 o6 ha-h,4 a--fo64 a6, I-,4 to "ont6o+ I-,6+og(n- an4 to -hof th, a--fo64 -tatI-. do6 ,3am+,? (*th, Aa+I, (- … o6 ‰? th, a""oInt (- +o",4 an4 th, I-,6 (-not a++of,4 to +og (n. U* th, Aa+I, (- …… a a--fo64 ha-n,A,6 ,,n -,t ,*o6, Qan4 th, I-,6? not haA(ng -,t aa--fo64? f(++ not , a+, to +og (nR.

Date pass#ord last changed v Th, nIm,6 o* 4a--(n", †anIa6 1? 170 Qa+-o "a++,4 th, epochR that th,

a--fo64 fa- +a-t "hang,4. Th(- (n*o6mat(on (- I-,4 (n"onˆIn"t(on f(th th, a--fo64 ag(ng *(,+4- that *o++of. /umer of days efore pass#ord can e changed v

Th, m(n(mIm nIm,6 o* 4a- that mI-t a-- ,*o6, th,a--fo64 "an , "hang,4.



Li#u8 Net-)r,i#$Li#u8 Net-)r,i#$

Determi#i#$ ^)ur IP A**ressDetermi#i#$ ^)ur IP A**ress



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 b;/18

Determi#i#$ ^)ur IP A**ressDetermi#i#$ ^)ur IP A**ress€oI "an 4,t,6m(n, th, UP a446,-- o* th(- 4,A(", f(th

th, Š(*"on*(gŠ "omman4.

6oot‹(go tm‚Œ (*"on*(g ,th0 L(n ,n"a>Eth,6n,t H~a446 00>y0>CC>0>7>b

(n,t a446>12.18.100.c "a-t>12.18.100.2cc Ma->2cc.2cc.2cc.0

zP wey•CypT wzNNUN MzLTUCypT MTz>1c00 M,t6(">1 wF a",t->11;0 ,66o6->1 46o,4>0 oA,66In->0 *6am,>0 TF a",t->2bbc70 ,66o6->0 46o,4>0 oA,66In->0 "a66(,6>0 "o++(-(on->b7c t3ZI,I,+,n>100

wF t,->cc07ccc1 Qc2.c MR TF t,->1781088c Q1.8 MR Unt,66It>10 a-, a446,-->03000

<ha#$i#$ ^)ur IP A**ress<ha#$i#$ ^)ur IP A**ress



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 bb/18

<ha#$i#$ ^)ur IP A**ress<ha#$i#$ ^)ur IP A**ress U* oI fant,4? oI "oI+4 g(A, th(- ,th0 (nt,6*a", an UP

a446,-- I-(ng th, (*"on*(g "omman4. 6oot‹(go tm‚Œ (*"on*(g ,th0 10.0.0.1 n,tma-

2cc.2cc.2cc.0 I Th, ŠIŠ at th, ,n4 o* th, "omman4 a"t(Aat,- th,

(nt,6*a",. To ma, th(- ,6man,nt ,a"h t(m, oI oot I

oIu++ haA, to a44 th(- "omman4 (n oI6 /,t"/6".4/6".+o"a+ *(+,. L(nI3 a+-o ma,- +(*, a +(tt+, ,a-(,6 f(th (nt,6*a",

"on*(gI6at(on *(+,- +o"at,4 (n th, /,t"/--"on*(g/n,tfo6G

-"6(t- 4(6,"to6. Unt,6*a", ,th0 ha- a *(+, "a++,4 (*"*gG,th0?,th1 I-,- (*"*gG,th1 ... ,t". €oI "an +a", oI6 UP a446,--(n*o6mat(on (n th,-, *(+,- fh("h a6, th,n I-,4 to aItoG"on*(gI6, oI6 NUC- fh,n L(nI3 oot-.

I#ter.ace <)#.i$urati)# FilesI#ter.ace <)#.i$urati)# Files



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 bc/18

I#ter.ace <)#.i$urati)# FilesI#ter.ace <)#.i$urati)# FilesUnt,6*a", "on*(gI6at(on *(+,- "ont6o+ th, -o*tfa6, (nt,6*a",-*o6 (n4(A(4Ia+ n,tfo6 4,A(",-. y- th, --t,m oot-? (t

I-,- th,-, *(+,- to 4,t,6m(n, fhat (nt,6*a",- to 6(ng Ian4 hof to "on*(gI6, th,m. Th,-, *(+,- a6, I-Ia++nam,4 (*"*gG<name>? fh,6, <name> 6,*,6- to th, nam,o* th, 4,A(", that th, "on*(gI6at(on *(+, "ont6o+-.

en, o* th, mo-t "ommon (nt,6*a", *(+,- (- (*"*gG,th0?fh("h "ont6o+- th, *(6-t Eth,6n,t net#or! interface card o6/I0 (n th, --t,m. Un a --t,m f(th mI+t(+, NUC-? th,6,a6, mI+t(+, (*"*gG,th<1> *(+,- Qfh,6, < 1> (- a In(ZI,nIm,6 "o66,-on4(ng to a -,"(*(" (nt,6*a",R. ,"aI-,,a"h 4,A(", ha- (t- ofn "on*(gI6at(on *(+,? ana4m(n(-t6ato6 "an "ont6o+ hof ,a"h (nt,6*a", *In"t(on-(n4(A(4Ia++.

E8am&le c)#.i$urati)# .ileE8am&le c)#.i$urati)# .ile




E8am&le c)#.i$urati)# .ileE8am&le c)#.i$urati)# .ile,+of (- a -am+, (*"*gG,th0 *(+, *o6 a --t,m I-(ng a*(3,4 UP a446,-->

•E`UCE|,th0 eeTPweTe|non, eNeeT|,- NET~ewK|10.0.1.0 NETMypK|2cc.2cc.2cc.0 UPy••w|10.0.1.27 zpEwCTL|no

do6 ,3am+,? th, (*"*gG,th0 *(+, *o6 an (nt,6*a", I-(ng•HCP +oo- ZI(t, a (t 4(**,6,nt? ,"aI-, UP(n*o6mat(on (- 6oA(4,4 th, •HCP -,6A,6>

•E`UCE|,th0 eeTPweTe|4h" eNeeT|,-

the c)#.i$ura+le &arameters i# a# Ether#ete c)# $ura e &arame ers # a# er#ei t . .i ti .ili t . .i ti .il




the c)#.i$ura+le &arameters i# a# Ether#ete c)# $ura e &arame ers # a# er#ei#ter.ace c)#.i$urati)# .ilei#ter.ace c)#.i$urati)# .ile

eeTPweTe|<protocol>? fh,6, <protocol> (- on, o*th, *o++of(ng> non, v No ootGt(m, 6oto"o+ -hoI+4 , I-,4. oot v Th, eeTP 6oto"o+ -hoI+4 , I-,4. 4h" v Th, •HCP 6oto"o+ -hoI+4 , I-,4.

wey•CypT|<address>? fh,6, <address> (- th,6oa4"a-t a446,--. Th(- 4(6,"t(A, (- 4,6,"at,4. •E`UCE|<name>? fh,6, <name> (- th, nam, o* th,

h-("a+ 4,A(", Q,3",t *o6 4nam("a++Ga++o"at,4 PPP

4,A(",- fh,6, (t (- th, logical nameR. •Np23456|<address>? fh,6, <address> (- a nam,

-,6A,6 a446,-- to , +a",4 (n /,t"/6,-o+A."on* (* th,PEEw•Np 4(6,"t(A, (- -,t to ,-.

the c)#.i$ura+le &arameters i# a# Ether#etthe c)#.i$ura+le &arameters i# a# Ether#eti t . .i ti .ili t . .i ti .il




the c)#.i$ura+le &arameters i# a# Ether#etthe c)#.i$ura+le &arameters i# a# Ether#eti#ter.ace c)#.i$urati)# .ilei#ter.ace c)#.i$urati)# .ile

UPy••w|<address>? fh,6, <address> (- th, UP a446,--. NETMypK|<mas!>? fh,6, <mas!> (- th, n,tma- Aa+I,. NET~ewK|<address>? fh,6, <address> (- th, n,tfo6

a446,--. Th(- 4(6,"t(A, (- 4,6,"at,4. eNeeT|<ans#er>? fh,6, <ans#er> (- on, o* th,

*o++of(ng> ,- v Th(- 4,A(", -hoI+4 , a"t(Aat,4 at ootGt(m,. no v Th(- 4,A(", -hoI+4 not , a"t(Aat,4 at ootGt(m,.

zpEwCTL|<ans#er>? fh,6, <ans#er> (- on, o* th,*o++of(ng> ,- v NonG6oot I-,6- a6, a++of,4 to "ont6o+ th(- 4,A(",. no v NonG6oot I-,6- a6, not a++of,4 to "ont6o+ th(-

4,A(",.

I#ter.ace <)#tr)l Scri&tsI#ter.ace <)#tr)l Scri&ts




I#ter.ace <)#tr)l Scri&tsI#ter.ace <)#tr)l Scri&tsTh, (nt,6*a", "ont6o+ -"6(t- a"t(Aat, an4 4,a"t(Aat,4 --t,m

(nt,6*a",-. Th,6, a6, tfo 6(ma6 (nt,6*a", "ont6o+ -"6(t-?/-(n/(*4ofn an4 /-(n/(*I? that "a++ on "ont6o+ -"6(t- +o"at,4(n th, /,t"/--"on*(g/n,tfo6G-"6(t-/ 4(6,"to6.

Th, (*4ofn an4 (*I (nt,6*a", -"6(t- a6, -mo+(" +(n- to -"6(t- (n th, /-(n/ 4(6,"to6. ~h,n ,(th,6 o* th,-, -"6(t- a6,"a++,4? th, 6,ZI(6, th, Aa+I, o* th, (nt,6*a", to , -,"(*(,4?-I"h a->

6oot‹(go n,tfo6G-"6(t-‚Œ (*I ,th0 •,t,6m(n(ng UP (n*o6mat(on *o6 ,th0... 4on,.

Th, ,a-(,-t fa to man(I+at, a++ n,tfo6 -"6(t--(mI+tan,oI-+ (- to I-, th, /-(n/-,6A(", "omman4 on th,

n,tfo6 -,6A(", Q/,t"/6".4/(n(t.4/n,tfo6R? a- (++I-t6at,4 th,*o++of(ng "omman4>Œ /,t"/6".4/(n(t.4/n,tfo6 <action><action> "an , ,(th,6 -ta6t? -to? 6,-ta6t? o6 -tatI-.

)- T) <ha#$e ^)ur De.ault ]ate-ay)- T) <ha#$e ^)ur De.ault ]ate-ay



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 c0/18

)- T) <ha#$e ^)ur De.ault ]ate-ay)- T) <ha#$e ^)ur De.ault ]ate-ayTh(- "an , 4on, f(th a -(m+, "omman4. Th(- ,3am+,I-,- th, -tan4a64 ,th,6n,t (nt,6*a", ,th0.

6oot‹(go tm‚Œ 6oIt, a44 4,*aI+t gf 12.18.1.1 ,th0 Un th(- "a-,? ma, -I6, that th, 6oIt,6 / *(6,fa++ f(th UPa446,-- 12.18.1.1 (- "onn,"t,4 to th, -am, n,tfo6 a-(nt,6*a", ,th0 …

en", 4on,? oIu++ n,,4 to I4at, oI6

/,t"/--"on*(g/n,tfo6 *(+, to 6,*+,"t th, "hang,. Th(- *(+, (-I-,4 to "on*(gI6, oI6 4,*aI+t gat,fa ,a"h t(m, L(nI3oot-.

NET~ewKUN|,-HepTNyME|(goyTE~y€|12.18.1.1

pom, ,o+, 4onut oth,6 f(th th(- -t, an4 ˆI-t +a", th,Š6oIt, a44Š "omman4 (n th, *(+, /,t"/6".4/6".+o"a+

\etc\sysc)#.i$\#et-)r,\etc\sysc)#.i$\#et-)r,




\etc\sysc)#.i$\#et-)r, \etc\sysc)#.i$\#et-)r,Th, /,t"/--"on*(g/n,tfo6 *(+, (- I-,4 to -,"(* (n*o6mat(on

aoIt th, 4,-(6,4 n,tfo6 "on*(gI6at(on. Th, *o++of(ng Aa+I,-ma , I-,4>

NET~ewKUN|<7alue>? fh,6, <7alue> (- on, o* th, *o++of(ngoo+,an Aa+I,->

,- v N,tfo6(ng -hoI+4 , "on*(gI6,4. no v N,tfo6(ng -hoI+4 not , "on*(gI6,4.

HepTNyME|<7alue>? fh,6, <7alue> -hoI+4 , th, $ully8ualified Domain /ame Q$8D/ R? -I"h a-ho-tnam,.,3am+,."om? It "an , fhat,A,6 ho-tnam, (-n,",--a6.

yTE~y€|<7alue>? fh,6, <7alue> (- th, UP a446,-- o* th,

n,tfo6u- gat,fa.yTE~y€•E`|<7alue>? fh,6, <7alue> (- th, gat,fa 4,A(",?-I"h a- ,th0.

NUp•eMyUN|<7alue>? fh,6, <7alue> (- th, NUp 4oma(n nam,.

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T) <ha#$e The Du&le8 Setti#$ O. ^)ur NI<T) <ha#$e The Du&le8 Setti#$ O. ^)ur NI< y Eth,6n,t NUC- I(+t (nto moth,6oa64- Qonoa64 NUC-R *6,ZI,nt+

4onut n,got(at, o6t -,,4 an4 4I+,3 "o66,"t+.

€oI "an manag, th, 4I+,3 an4 -,,4 -,tt(ng- o* oI6 NUC f(th th,m((Gtoo+ "omman4. Ut (- ,-t to I-, th(- "omman4 f(th "omat(+,ha64fa6,.

Un th, ,3am+, ,+of? f, "an -,, th, oItIt o* th, "omman4 A,6o-,ŠGAŠ mo4,. Un th(- "a-,? n,got(at(on fa- eK? f(th th, NUC -,+,"t(ng100M-? *I++ 4I+,3 mo4, Qd•R.

6oot‹(go tm‚Œ mii(t))l 7Y,th1> n,got(at,4 100a-,T3Gd•? +(n o 6o4I"t (n*o> A,n4o6 00>10>18? mo4,+ ;; 6,A 2 a-(" mo4,> aIton,got(at(on ,na+,4 a-(" -tatI-> aIton,got(at(on "om+,t,? +(n o "aa(+(t(,-> 100a-,T3Gd• 100a-,T3GH• 10a-,TGd• 10a-,TGH• a4A,6t(-(ng> 100a-,T3Gd• 100a-,T3GH• 10a-,TGd• 10a-,TGH• +(n a6tn,6> 100a-,T3Gd• 100a-,T3GH• 10a-,TGd• 10a-,TG

H• *+ofG"ont6o+

T) <ha#$e The Du&le8 Setti#$ O. ^)ur NI<T) <ha#$e The Du&le8 Setti#$ O. ^)ur NI<



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 c;/18

T) <ha#$e The Du&le8 Setti#$ O. ^)ur NI<T) <ha#$e The Du&le8 Setti#$ O. ^)ur NI< €oI "an -,t oI6 NUC to *o6", (t-,+* to a a6t("I+a6 -,,4

an4 4I+,3 I-(ng th, ŠGdŠ -f(t"h f(th an o* th,

*o++of(ng ot(on-> 100a-,T3Gd•? 100a-,T3GH•?10a-,TGd•? o6 10a-,TGH•. w,m,m,6 that oI "oI+4+o-, a++ n,tfo6 "onn,"t(A(t to oI6 -,6A,6 (* oI *o6",oI6 NUC to a a6t("I+a6 -,,4/4I+,3 that 4o,-nut mat"hthat o* oI6 -f(t"h……….

6oot‹(go tm‚Œ m((Gtoo+ Gd 100a-,T3Gd• ,th0 U haA, -,,n fh,6, NUC- a,a6 to fo6 f(th *a(+,4

n,got(at(on? It th(- (- I-Ia++ a""oman(,4 manŠ"o++(-(onŠ t, ,66o6- ,(ng -,,n on th, NUC fh,n I-(ng

th, (*"on*(g Ga "omman4 an4 on+ ma6g(na+ ,6*o6man",.Th, "aI-,- *o6 th(- "oI+4 (n"+I4, an (n"omat(+, NUC?(n"o66,"t -,tt(ng- on oI6 -f(t"h o6t o6 a a4 "a+,.

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Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 cb/18

<)#.i$uri#$ ^)ur \etc\h)sts File<)#.i$uri#$ ^)ur \etc\h)sts FileTh, /,t"/ho-t- *(+, (- ˆI-t a +(-t o* UP a446,--,- an4 th,(6

"o66,-on4(ng -,6A,6 nam,-. €oI6 -,6A,6 f(++ t("a++ "h,"th(- *(+, ,*o6, 6,*,6,n"(ng •Np? (* th, nam, (- *oIn4 f(th a"o66,-on4(ng UP a446,-- th,n •Np fonut , ZI,6(,4 at a++.

12.18.1.101 -ma++*6 Un th, ,3am+, aoA, -,6A,6 Š-ma++*6Š ha- an UP a446,-- o*

12.18.1.101. €oI "an a"",-- 12.18.1.101 I-(ng th,

Š(ngŠ? Št,+n,tŠ o6 an oth,6 n,tfo6 afa6, 6og6am 6,*,66(ng to (t a- Š-ma++*6Š H,6, (- an ,3am+, I-(ng th, Š(ngŠto -,, (* Š-ma++*6Š (- a+(A, an4 f,++ on th, n,tfo6.

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b t,- *6om -ma++*6 Q12.18.1.101R> ("mƒ-,Z|0 tt+|bt(m,|0.17 m-b t,- *6om -ma++*6 Q12.18.1.101R> ("mƒ-,Z|1 tt+|bt(m,|0.0b7 m-

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<)#.i$uri#$ ^)ur \etc\h)sts File<)#.i$uri#$ ^)ur \etc\h)sts File€oI "an a+-o a44 Ša+(a-,-Š to th, ,n4 o* th, +(n, fh("h f(++a++of oI to 6,*,6 to th, -,6A,6 I-(ng oth,6 nam,-. H,6, f,haA, -,t (t I -o that Š-ma++*6Š "an a+-o , a"",--,4 I-(ngth, nam,- Št(nŠ an4 Š+(tt+,gIŠ.

12.18.1.101 -ma++*6 t(n +(tt+,gI €oI -hoI+4 n,A,6 haA, an UP a446,-- mo6, than on", (nth(- *(+, a- L(nI3 f(++ on+ I-, th, Aa+I,- (n th, *(6-t ,nt6 (t*(n4-.

12.18.1.101 -ma++*6 Œ Q~6ongR 12.18.1.101 t(n Œ Q~6ongR 12.18.1.101 +(tt+,gI Œ Q~6ongR

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The L))&+ac, I#ter.ace s L)calh)st E#tryThe L))&+ac, I#ter.ace s L)calh)st E#try z-Ia++ th, A,6 *(6-t ,nt6 (n /,t"/ho-t- 4,*(n,- th, UP a446,-- o* th,

-,6A,6u- A(6tIa+ +ooa" (nt,6*a",. Th(- (- I-Ia++ ma,4 to th, nam,+o"a+ho-t.+o"a+4oma(n Qth, In(A,6-a+ nam, I-,4 fh,n a -,6A,6 6,*,6-

to (t-,+*R an4 +o"a+ho-t Qth, -ho6t,n,4 Ša+(a-Š nam,R. 4,*aI+t?p-t,m (n-,6t- th, ho-tnam, o* th, -,6A,6 ,tf,,n th, 127.0.0.1 an4th, +o"a+ho-t ,nt6(,- +(, th(->

127.0.0.1 (go +o"a+ho-t.+o"a+4oma(n +o"a+ho-t ~h,n th, -,6A,6 (- "onn,"t,4 to th, Unt,6n,t th(- *(6-t ,nt6 a*t,6 th,

127.0.0.1 n,,4- to , th, *I++ ZIa+(*(,4 4oma(n nam, Qd•NR o* th,-,6A,6. do6 ,3am+,? (go.m-(t,."om? +(, th(-> 127.0.0.1 (go.mG-(t,."om +o"a+ho-t.+o"a+4oma(n +o"a+ho-t pom, 6og6am- -I"h a- p,n4ma(+ a6, A,6 -,n-(t(A, to th(- an4 (* th,

4,t,"t fhat th, *,,+ (- an (n"o66,"t d•N th, f(++ 4,*aI+t to I-(ng th,nam, Š+o"a+ho-t.+o"a+4oma(nŠ fh,n "ommIn("at(ng f(th anoth,6-,6A,6 on th, n,tfo6. Th(- "an "aI-, "on*I-(on? a- th, oth,6 -,6A,6a+-o *,,+- (t (- Š+o"a+ho-t.+o"a+4oma(nŠ.

Not,> €oI MzpT a+fa- haA, a +o"a+ho-t an4 +o"a+ho-t.+o"a+4oma(n,nt6 ma(ng to 127.0.0.1 *o6 L(nI3 to fo6 6o,6+.

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]UI Net-)r, <)#.i$urati)#]UI Net-)r, <)#.i$urati)# zU > pta6t M,nI |q p-t,m p,tt(ng- |q N,tfo6 o6 ph,++> Œ 6,4hatG"on*(gGn,tfo6

OYerYie-OYerYie-




OYerYie-OYerYie- To "on*(gI6, a n,tfo6 "onn,"t(on f(th th, N,tfo6

y4m(n(-t6at(on Too+? ,6*o6m th, *o++of(ng -t,->1. y44 th, h-("a+ ha64fa6, 4,A(", to th, ha64fa6,

+(-t.2. y44 a n,tfo6 4,A(", a--o"(at,4 f(th th, h-("a+

ha64fa6, 4,A(",.;. Con*(gI6, th, ho-tnam, an4 •Np -,tt(ng-.b. Con*(gI6, an ho-t- that "annot , +oo,4 I

th6oIgh •Np.

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Esta+lishi#$ a# Ether#et <)##ecti)#sta+ s $ a t e et <) ect ) To a44 an Eth,6n,t "onn,"t(on? *o++of th,-, -t,->1. C+(" th, •,A(",- ta.

2. C+(" th, N,f Itton on th, too+a6.;. p,+,"t Eth,6n,t "onn,"t(on *6om th, •,A(", T, +(-t? an4"+(" do6fa64.

b. U* oI haA, a+6,a4 a44,4 th, n,tfo6 (nt,6*a", "a64 toth, ha64fa6, +(-t? -,+,"t (t *6om th, Eth,6n,t "a64 +(-t.

eth,6f(-,? -,+,"t eth,6 Eth,6n,t Ca64 to a44 th,ha64fa6, 4,A(",.c. U* oI -,+,"t,4 eth,6 Eth,6n,t Ca64? th, p,+,"t Eth,6n,t

y4at,6 f(n4of a,a6-. p,+,"t th, manI*a"tI6,6 an4mo4,+ o* th, Eth,6n,t "a64. p,+,"t th, 4,A(", nam,. U*th(- (- th, --t,mu- *(6-t Eth,6n,t "a64? -,+,"t ,th0 a- th,4,A(", nam,x (* th(- (- th, -,"on4 Eth,6n,t "a64? -,+,"t,th1 Qan4 -o onR. Th, N,tfo6 y4m(n(-t6at(on Too+ a+-oa++of- oI to "on*(gI6, th, 6,-oI6",- *o6 th, NUC. C+("do6fa64 to "ont(nI,.




$$ y*t,6 "on*(gI6(ng th, Eth,6n,t 4,A(",? (t a,a6- (n th, 4,A(",

+(-t a- -hofn (n ,++of d(gI6,





$$, -I6, to -,+,"t d(+, |q paA, to -aA, th, "hang,-. y*t,6 a44(ng th, Eth,6n,t 4,A(",? oI "an ,4(t (t- "on*(gI6at(on

-,+,"t(ng th, 4,A(", *6om th, 4,A(", +(-t an4 "+("(ng E4(t. do6,3am+,? fh,n th, 4,A(", (- a44,4? (t (- "on*(gI6,4 to -ta6t atoot t(m, 4,*aI+t. To "hang, th(- -,tt(ng? -,+,"t to ,4(t th,4,A(",? mo4(* th, y"t(Aat, 4,A(", fh,n "omIt,6 -ta6t- Aa+I,?an4 -aA, th, "hang,-.

~h,n th, 4,A(", (- a44,4? (t (- not a"t(Aat,4 (mm,4(at,+? a-

-,,n (t- Una"t(A, -tatI-. To a"t(Aat, th, 4,A(",? -,+,"t (t *6omth, 4,A(", +(-t? an4 "+(" th, y"t(Aat, Itton. U* th, --t,m (-"on*(gI6,4 to a"t(Aat, th, 4,A(", fh,n th, "omIt,6 -ta6t- Qth,4,*aI+tR? th(- -t, 4o,- not haA, to , ,6*o6m,4 aga(n.

U* oI a--o"(at, mo6, than on, 4,A(", f(th an Eth,6n,t "a64? th,

-I-,ZI,nt 4,A(",- a6, de7ice aliases. y 4,A(", a+(a- a++of- oIto -,tI mI+t(+, A(6tIa+ 4,A(",- *o6 on, h-("a+ 4,A(",? thI-g(A(ng th, on, h-("a+ 4,A(", mo6, than on, UP a446,--. do6,3am+,? oI "an "on*(gI6, an ,th1 4,A(", an4 an ,th1>14,A(",.

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$ $$ $To a44 an ,nt6 to th, /,t"/ho-t- *(+,? go to th, Ho-t- ta?"+(" th, N,f Itton on th, too+a6? 6oA(4, th, 6,ZI,-t,4

(n*o6mat(on? an4 "+(" eK. p,+,"t d(+, |q paA, o6 6,--Ct6+‚Gp‚ to -aA, th, "hang,- to th, /,t"/ho-t- *(+,. Th,n,tfo6 o6 n,tfo6 -,6A(",- 4o not n,,4 to , 6,-ta6t,4-(n", th, "I66,nt A,6-(on o* th, *(+, (- 6,*,66,4 to ,a"h t(m,an a446,-- (- 6,-o+A,4.

To "hang, +ooI o64,6? ,4(t th, /,t"/ho-t."on* *(+,. Th, +(n,o64,6 ho-t-? (n4 -,"(*(,- that th, /,t"/ho-t- ta,-6,",4,n", oA,6 th, nam, -,6A,6-. Chang(ng th, +(n, too64,6 (n4? ho-t- "on*(gI6,- th, --t,m to 6,-o+A,

ho-tnam,- an4 UP a446,--,- I-(ng th, nam, -,6A,6- *(6-t.U* th, UP a446,-- "annot , 6,-o+A,4 th6oIgh th, nam,-,6A,6-? th, --t,m th,n +oo- *o6 th, UP a446,-- (n th,/,t"/ho-t- *(+,.

ActiYati#$ DeYicesActiYati#$ DeYices



Khoa CNTT – ĐH Nông Lâm TP. HCM 01/2007 /18

$$ N,tfo6 4,A(",- "an , "on*(gI6,4 to , a"t(A, o6 (na"t(A,

at oot t(m,. do6 ,3am+,? a n,tfo6 4,A(", *o6 a mo4,m

"onn,"t(on (- I-Ia++ not "on*(gI6,4 to -ta6t at oot t(m,xfh,6,a-? an Eth,6n,t "onn,"t(on (- I-Ia++ "on*(gI6,4 toa"t(Aat, at oot t(m,. U* oI6 n,tfo6 4,A(", (- "on*(gI6,4not to -ta6t at oot t(m,? oI "an I-, th, w,4 Hat Cont6o+N,tfo6 6og6am to a"t(Aat, (t a*t,6 oot t(m,. To -ta6t (t?

-,+,"t Ma(n M,nI Itton Qon th, Pan,+R |q p-t,m Too+-|q N,tfo6 •,A(", Cont6o+ o6 t, th, "omman4 6,4hatG"ont6o+Gn,tfo6.

To a"t(Aat, a 4,A(",? -,+,"t (t *6om th, +(-t an4 "+(" th,

y"t(Aat, Itton. To -to th, 4,A(",? -,+,"t (t *6om th, +(-tan4 "+(" •,a"t(Aat,.





$$

DeYice AliasesDeYice Aliases




De7ice aliases a6, A(6tIa+ 4,A(",- a--o"(at,4 f(th th, -am, h-("a+ ha64fa6,? It th, "an , a"t(Aat,4 at th, -am, t(m,to haA, 4(**,6,nt UP a446,--,-. Th, a6, "ommon+6,6,-,nt,4 a- th, 4,A(", nam, *o++of,4 a "o+on an4 anIm,6 Q*o6 ,3am+,? ,th0>1R.

y*t,6 "on*(gI6(ng th, Eth,6n,t 4,A(",? -I"h a- ,th0? to I-, a-tat(" UP a446,-- Q•HCP 4o,- not fo6 f(th a+(a-,-R? go to th,•,A(",- ta an4 "+(" N,f. p,+,"t th, Eth,6n,t "a64 to

"on*(gI6, f(th an a+(a-? -,t th, -tat(" UP a446,-- *o6 th, a+(a-?an4 "+(" y+ to "6,at, (t. p(n", a 4,A(", a+6,a4 ,3(-t- *o6th, Eth,6n,t "a64? th, on, ˆI-t "6,at,4 (- th, a+(a- -I"h a-,th0>1.

To mo4(* th, -,tt(ng- *o6 th, 4,A(", a+(a- -I"h a- fh,th,6 to

a"t(Aat, (t at oot t(m, an4 th, a+(a- nIm,6? -,+,"t (t *6om th,+(-t an4 "+(" th, E4(t Itton.p,+,"t th, a+(a- an4 "+(" th, y"t(Aat, Itton to a"t(Aat, th,

a+(a-. U* oI haA, "on*(gI6,4 mI+t(+, 6o*(+,-? -,+,"t fh("h6o*(+,- (n fh("h to (n"+I4, (t.




$$

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