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4Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Database Interfaces

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4-2 Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to do

the following:

Use S!"#lus and iS!"#lus to access the Oracle

Database $%g Describe the logical structure of tables

Use S! to &uery, manipulate, and define data

Identify common database interfaces

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'hat Is S!(

S! provides statements for a variety of tas)s,

including:

uerying data

Inserting, updating, and deleting rows in a table *reating, replacing, altering, and dropping objects

*ontrolling access to the database and its objects

S! unifies all of the preceding tas)s in one

consistent language+

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Using S!

here are several tools for interfacing with the

database using S!:

Oracle S!"#lus and iS!"#lus

Oracle -orms, .eports, and Discoverer Oracle /nterprise 0anager

hird1party tools

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/nterprise 0anager: Seeing the S!

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'hat Is S!"#lus(

*ommand1line tool

Used interactively or in batch mode

$ sqlplus /nologSQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production on Tue

e! 1" 0#:1":1 200%op&rig't (c) 1+2, 200, racle. ll rig'tsresered.SQL connect ricnter passord:%onnected.

SQL SL%T * R3 dual4

5-6SQL

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7/274-7 Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

'hat Is iS!"#lus(

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8/274- Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Using iS!"#lus

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9/274-!0 Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Describing Data

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10/274-!! Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

uerying Data

heSL%T

has three basic parts:

he SL%T!ist

he R3clause

he78Rcondition 2optional3

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Sorting the Data

SQL SL%T last9nae, departent9id, p'one9nu!er 2 R3 eplo&ees ; R5R 3 5PRT3>T9?5 P8>9>@3

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4oining ables

5etting data from more than one table

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0anipulating Data

SQL ?>SRT ?>T eplo&ees 2 (3PL=9?5,?RST9>3,LST9>3,3?L,P8>9>@3DR9?5,5PRT3>T9?5) B EL@S # (,F

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Defining Data

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Overview of ransactions

ransaction $ ransaction 6%33?T4

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16/274-!" Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

ransaction *ontrol Statements

SQL SL%T * R3 local9tep4no ros selected

SQL ?>SRT ?>T local9tep EL@S 2 (S=S5T, "#, B+)41 ro created.

SQL SL%T * Jro local9tep4T3P95T 8?9T3P L9T3P--------- ---------- ----------2"-%T-0; "# B+

SQL RLL

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17/274-! Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

!oc)ing Data

Oracle Database $%g automatically loc)s data so that

only one user can ma)e changes at a time+

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Other Statement *ategories

Session control statements: 0anage the

properties of a user session

System control statement: 0anages the properties

of an Oracle instance

/mbedded S! statements: S! statements

within a procedural language program

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19/274-2! Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

'hat Is #!7S!(

#!7S! is a bloc)1structured language, which e8tends

S! with:

Declarations:

# 9ariables# *onstants

# *ursors

*ontrol structures:

# *onditional control

# Iterative control

# Se&uential control

/rror handling

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/8ample #!7S! loc)

5%LR qt&9on9'and >@3T qt&9on9'and R3 inentor& 78R product I FT>>?S R%KTF R @P5T quantit&4 ? qt&9on9'and 0 T8> -- c'ecA quantit& @P5T inentor& ST quantit& I quantit& - 1 78R product I FT>>?S R%KTF4 ?>SRT ?>T purc'ase9record EL@S (FTennis racAet purc'asedF, S=S5T)4

LS ?>SRT ?>T purc'ase9record EL@S (Fut oJ tennis racAetsF, S=S5T)4 >5 ?4 %33?T4>54

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Uses of #!7S!

loc)s of #!7S! are used in:

Anonymous bloc)s

-unctions

#rocedures #ac)ages

riggers

Object types

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'hat Is 4ava(

4ava is an industry1standard, object1oriented

programming language+ It includes the following

concepts:

A 4ava 9irtual 0achine 24903, which provides

platform independence Automated storage management techni&ues

!anguage synta8 that borrows from * and

enforces strong typing

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Oracle and 4ava

A #!7S! function:

%alla!leStateent

cstt I conn.prepare%all(MN I %LL !alance(N)O)4cstt.registerutParaeter(1, T&pes.LT)4cstt.set?nt(2, acct>o)4cstt.eecute@pdate()4Jloat acct%T?> !alance (acct9id >@3 >@3@3T acct9!al R3 accts 78R acct9no I acct9id4

RT@R> acct9!al4>54

*alling the function with 4ava:

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'hat Is O*I(

O*I provides for: he Oracle *all Interface 2O*I3 is how all database

features are made accessible to application

developers+

O*I ma)es scalable and high1performanceapplications possible+

;igher1level A#Is and tools use O*I indirectly for

database access+

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Other A#Is

4ava Database *onnectivity 24D*3

#ro"*7*

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Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to:

Use S!"#lus and iS!"#lus to access Oracle

Database $%g

Describe the logical structure of tables Use S! to &uery, manipulate, and define data

Identify common database interfaces

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#ractice >: Using S!

his practice covers using iS!"#lus to:

Describe tables

Select from tables

Update a table Delete from a table

Undo changes

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