Lesní požár y - akela.mendelu.czxcepl/inobio/inovace/Ochrana_lesa/3_1... · Lesní požár y...
Transcript of Lesní požár y - akela.mendelu.czxcepl/inobio/inovace/Ochrana_lesa/3_1... · Lesní požár y...
Lesní požáry
prof. Ing. Emanuel Kula, CSc.
Brno, 2013
Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a Státním rozpočtem ČR InoBio – CZ.1.07/2.2.00/28.0018
Fig. 0: Forest fires in municipal territories, years
1992–2006
strana 2
Fig. 1: Characteristics of the course of weather in
the CR (1992–2004) strana 3
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
6
7
8
9
10
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
mm°C
year
temperature °C temperature normal 1961-1990 precipitation mm precipitation normal 1961-1990
Fig. 2: Frequency and extent of forest fires during
the year (1992–2004) strana 4
0
10
20
30
40
50
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
%
month
N=15985 Area=7825 ha
forest fires burned area
Fig. 3: Seasonal dynamics of forest fires depending on
the extent of burnt area (1992–2004) strana 5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
%
month
N=15723 Area=4099 ha
< 0,01 ha 0,01-0,1 ha 0,1-1 ha 1-5 ha
Fig. 4: Dynamics of the occurrence of forest fires
in the CR during the day (1992–2004)strana 6
0
5
10
15
20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
%
hour
N=15985 Area=7825 ha
forest fires burned area
Fig. 5: Distribution of the total burnt forest area in
the CR during the week (1992–2004)
strana 7
0
5
10
15
20
25
Mon Tues Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
%
N=15985 Area=7825 ha
< 1 ha 1-5 ha > 5 ha
Fig. 6: The proportion of forest fires and burnt
area according to regions of the CR and foreststrana 8
0
10
20
30
40
Prg
Ce
ntr
. B
oh
.
S B
oh.
W B
oh.
N B
oh
.
E B
oh.
S M
or.
N M
or.
%
region
N=15985 Area=7825 ha
forest fires burned area forest cover (2001)
Fig. 9: The occurrence frequency and the extent of
forest fires during the year in the CR (cause: fire
raising; 1992–2004)strana 9
0
10
20
30
40
50
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
%
N=3611 Area=1732 ha
forest fires burned area
Fig. 12: The occurrence frequency and the extent
of forest fires during the year in the CR (cause:
smoking; 1992–2004)strana 10
0
10
20
30
40
50
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
%
N=3585 Area=1350 ha
forest fires burned area
Fig. 13: The occurrence frequency and the extent
of forest fires during the year in the CR (cause:
children; 1992–2004)strana 11
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
%
N=731 Area=241 ha
forest fires burned area
Fig. 15: The occurrence frequency and the extent
of forest fires during the year in the CR (cause:
arsonists; 1992–2004)strana 12
0
10
20
30
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
%
N=550 Area=165 ha
forest fires burned area
Fig. 16: The occurrence frequency and the extent
of forest fires during the year in the CR (cause:
lightning; 1992–2004)strana 13
0
10
20
30
40
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
%
N=222 Area=34 ha
forest fires burned area
Fig. 17: The frequency of forest fires in the CR and
average precipitation (1992–2004)strana 14
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
mm
nu
mb
er
year
N=15985
forest fires precipitation precipitation normal 1961-1990
Fig. 18: The seasonal occurrence of forest fires in
the CR (1974–2004)strana 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
%
N1974-1978=1703N1979-1983=1408
N1992-2004=15985
1974-1978 1979-1983 1992-2004
Fig. 19: Causes of the forest fire origin in the year
culmination season (April, August 1992–2004)strana 16
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Unexplained
Heating devices and flue ways
Operation-technical defects
Combustible and explosive materials
Extraordinary events
Intention, incendiarism (arson)
Children up to the age of 15 years
Smoking
Fire raising
Management in forests
Negligence of adults
Railway operation
Blasts and self-ignition
Lightning
%
NApril=3011NAugust=3085
April August
Fig. 20: The proportion of the forest management
cause in forest fires in the CR (1992–2004) strana 17
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
< 9 9-11 11-13 13-15 15-17 17-19 > 19
%
Nmanagement in forestss=1615Nall=15985
management in forests all
Fig. 21: The occurrence of forest fires of an area of
<1 ha and >5 ha in the CR during the day (1992–
2004)strana 18
0
5
10
15
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
%
hour
N=14213<1 ha
Fig. 22: The occurrence frequency of forest fires in
the CR during the day (1974–2004)strana 19
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
< 9 9-11 11-13 13-1 15-17 17-19 > 19
%
N1974-1978=1703N1979-1983=1408
N1992-2004=15985
1974-1978 1979-1983 1992-2004
Fig. 23: The occurrence frequency of forest fires in
the CR (cause: railway operation; 1992–2004) strana 20
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004
%
year
N=166 Area=312 ha
forest fires burned area
Fig. 24: The occurrence frequency and the extent
of forest fires during the year in the CR (cause:
management in forests; 1992–2004)strana 21
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
%
N=1615 Area=918 ha
forest fires burned area
Tab. 1: The frequency of forest fires and the
extent of burnt area in the CR (1992–2004)
Years 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Total
Forestfires 2220 1595 1674 1061 984 970 1710 1183 1320 421 402 1632 813 15985
% 13,9 10 10,5 6,6 6,2 6,1 10,7 7,4 8,3 2,6 2,5 10,2 5,1 100
Burned
area (ha)1144 1041 667 363 1714 260 786 276 352 71 127 731 294 7825
% 14,6 13,3 8,5 4,6 21,9 3,3 10,1 3,5 4,5 0,9 1,6 9,3 3,8 100
ha/fire 0,52 0,65 0,4 0,34 1,74 0,27 0,46 0,23 0,27 0,17 0,32 0,45 0,36 0,49
strana 22
Tab. 2: Causes of forest fires and the extent of
burnt area in the CR (1992–2004)
Causes N % ha % ha/fire
Unexplained 4778 29,89 2603,71 33,28 0,54
Heating devices and flue
ways 9 0,06 0,6 0,01 0,07
Operation-technical defects 133 0,83 159,99 2,04 1,2
Combustible and explosive
materials2 0,01 0,31 0 0,15
Extraordinary events 230 1,44 113,5 1,45 0,49
Intention, incendiarism
(arson)550 3,44 165,22 2,11 0,3
Children up to the age of 15
years731 4,57 240,67 3,08 0,33
Smoking 3585 22,43 1350,44 17,26 0,38
Fire raising 3611 22,59 1731,99 22,13 0,48
Management in forests 1615 10,1 917,69 11,73 0,57
Negligence of adults 288 1,8 151,84 1,94 0,53
Railway operation 166 1,04 311,94 3,99 1,88
Blasts and self-ignition 65 0,41 42,52 0,54 0,65
Lightning 222 1,39 34,4 0,44 0,15
Sum 15985 100 7824,79 100 0,49
strana 23
• Děkuji za pozornost
strana 24