LES – A National Perspective

Martin WilliamsAtmospheric Quality and Industrial PollutionDEFRA12 May 2009

National Air QualityNatural Environment PSA 28

Air free from harmful levels of air pollution Meet air quality objectives for key air pollutants in the AQS as illustrated by trends in measurements of two of the more important pollutants which affect public health: particles and nitrogen dioxide.

Main sources road transport

‘Secure a healthy natural environment for today and the future’.

Annual average concentration(µg m-3) for NO2 and PM10

Implementing the Ambient Air quality Directive

• Directive 2008/50/EC adopted June 2008 Must implement by June 2010.

• Preparing draft regulations and expect to consult later this year. • Will set new control framework for PM2.5 • Includes facility for compliance flexibility on limit value deadline

for PM10, NO2 and Benzene (we are applying for PM10 and NO2 only)

• Applied for PM10 time extension 24 April 2009• Compliance deadline for NO2 is 2010 extension available until

2015• Must demonstrate a robust case to European Commission• Most major member states are expected to apply over the next

year/18mths

Emission

Standard

PM/

(mg/km)

Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)

(mg/km)

HC (mg/km)

- Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol

Euro 2 (1996) 80-100 - - - - -

Euro 3 (2000) 50 - 500 150 - 200

Euro 4 (2005) 25 - 250 80 - 100

Euro 5 (2009)

5 5 180 70 - 100

Euro 6(2014) 5 5 80 70 - 100

Euro Standards for Light Duty Vehicles

Euro Standards for HGVs

Exceedences (km of road length)

23km of exceedences in 2015

Urban major urban roads, annual mean roadside NO2 concentration, 2007 (g m-3)

Road lengthexceeding (km) Total assessed

Year

2005 2008 2010 2011 2012 2015 2020>40

London 1891 1599 1373 1117 969 792 520 174

Rest of England 9645 2903 1909 1286 1089 928 313 2

Scotland 1096 188 105 56 49 38 8 0

Wales 647 63 43 28 24 17 4 0

Northern Ireland 601 71 45 9 5 4 4 0

Total 13880 4823 3475 2496 2135 1779 849 176>60

London 1891 587 360 213 149 70 23 4

Rest of England 9645 525 270 116 32 4 0 0

Scotland 1096 19 8 1 1 1 0 0

Wales 647 6 1 1 1 0 0 0

Northern Ireland 601 4 4 0 0 0 0 0

Total 13880 1141 643 331 184 75 23 4

percentage >40 34.75% 25.04% 17.99% 15.38% 12.82% 6.12% 1.27%

percentage >60 8.22% 4.64% 2.39% 1.32% 0.54% 0.16% 0.03%

RegionLAs with Current AQMAs

England 166

London 33

N. Ireland 11

Scotland 12

Wales 8

Region Benz NO2 PM10 SO2

England 1 155 36 9

London - 33 28 -

Northern Ireland - 6 5 1

Scotland - 7 4 1

Wales - 7 1 -

Totals 1 208 74 11

LAs with current AQMAs

LAs with AQMAs by Pollutant

Source Apportionment for NO2: 2015

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Bel

fast

Met

ropo

litan

Urb

an A

rea

Bris

tol U

rban

Are

a

Cen

tral

Sco

tland

Eas

t Mid

land

s

Eas

tern

Gla

sgow

Urb

an A

rea

Gre

ater

Lon

don

Urb

anA

rea

Gre

ater

Man

ches

ter

Urb

an A

rea

Kin

gsto

n up

on H

ull

Live

rpoo

l Urb

an A

rea

Nor

th E

ast

Nor

th W

ales

Nor

th W

est &

Mer

seys

ide

Not

tingh

am U

rban

Are

a

Por

tsm

outh

Urb

an A

rea

She

ffiel

d U

rban

Are

a

Sou

th E

ast

Sou

th W

ales

Sou

tham

pton

Urb

anA

rea

Tee

ssid

e U

rban

Are

a

The

Pot

terie

s

Tyn

esid

e

Wes

t Mid

land

s

Wes

t Mid

land

s U

rban

Are

a

Wes

t Yor

kshi

re U

rban

Are

a

Yor

kshi

re &

Hum

bers

ide

NO

2 co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

µg

m-3

)

Total Non Transport + Urban Background Local Traffic: CarsLocal Traffic: HGVs Rigid Local Traffic: HGVs ArticLocal Traffic: Buses Local Traffic: LGVsLocal Traffic: Motorbikes & Mopeds Limit Value

BusesHGVs Local Traffic

Background

Further Actions• Need to refresh approach to delivery of AQS• Accelerate impact of national measures• Budget 2009 announce commitment to

encourage uptake of Euro VI HGVs and Buses and will look at ways of encouraging Euro 6 cars

• Revisit feasibility of measures and use in focused way eg– Retrofitting – (eg HGVs/bus fleets in target areas), – Low Emission Zones

Working with Local authorities towards Low Emissions Strategies

• Coordinated effort at National and local level is needed

• Need to focus resources on those areas with greatest levels of pollution

• Defra reviewing the effectiveness of LAQM – how can we improve delivery?

• Defra Ministers convening a ‘Summit’ with key LAs – summer 2009

• Will involve transport/planning and environment players

• Will stress the importance of LES and LEZs• Will also need to consider a range of measures