LEISURE: The Roman Way

- Palaestra

- Drinking and

Gambling

PALAESTRA- public gymnasium, sporting

arena and exercise ground

- palaestrae (plural)

Great Palaestra in Pompeii

http://travel.webshots.com/photo/2724369070085383519MtcKqz

http://www.mmdtkw.org/ALRItkwVes03Pompeii.html

Floor painting from Herculaneum Palaestrahttp://www.bollywoodsargam.com/search_yahoo_images.php?search_term=Down+Town+Palestra

-male figures in a possible, sporting stance, preparing for sporting competitions.

- suggests palaestra was used as a sporting arena.

- marble statues showing the ideal figure for men.

- suggests women did not play sport

- promoting an active lifestyle for citizens

Marble statue from Small Palaestra, Pompeii, The Lost World of Pompeii

Marble statue from Palaestra, Herculanuem

“He who has paid me for my lessons receive what he desires from the gods” a teacher, in the Great Palaestra, Pompeii Baldassare Conticello,

Rediscovering Pompeii, IBM Italia, Italy pg29

GRAFFITI

“Antiochus hung out here with his girlfriend Cithera.” from the Great Palaestra, Pompeii http://www.pompeiana.org/Resources/Ancient/Graffiti%20from%20Pompeii.htm

Painting of Hercules, from Herculaneum

- the worship of the cult of Hercules

http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/stabian_stucco2.jpg

DRINKING

- bars (thermopolia or cauponae)

- taverns

“ Cheers! We drink like wineskins” from a Pompeian bar

http://historysjcdubbo.wikispaces.com/file/view/Pompeii+and+Herculaneum+Economy.ppt#267,15, Shop Keepers & Bar Owners

The Drinking scene

Bar in Herculaneum

http://www.vroma.org/images/raia_images/thermopolion.viadiana.jpg

- notice how close the shop is to the footpath

- they were the size of a small room

- lack of seating and inscriptions on walls suggests

people drank whilst standing.

Bar in Pompeiihttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/pompeii_art_gallery_03.shtml

Bar in Herculaneumhttp://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/thermopolium_jugs.jpg

-jars embedded into masonry counter, called dolia

- contained hot food and drink

- some bars offered dining areas for seating and gambling.

Stone bench, Herculaneum.

http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/thermopolium_bench.jpg

- comfortable seating for the wealthy.

- emphasises the small size of bars.

“I screwed the barmaid” Bar of Athictus, Pompeii, http://www.pompeiana.org/Resources/Ancient/Graffiti%20from%20Pompeii.htm

“You can get a drink here for only one coin.  You can drink better wine for two coins.”Bar from Herculaneumhttp://www.pompeiana.org/Resources/Ancient/Graffiti%20from%20Pompeii.htm

Fresco from Thermopolium of Ventutius Placidus, Pompeii.http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Italy/Campania/Pompeii-145697/Things_To_Do-Pompeii-Ancent_ways_of_relaxing-BR-1.html

-dedicated to Dionysus ( god of wine), Mercury ( god of commerce) and Lares ( protector of he house).

- found in most bars and inns, suggesting the importance of wine and drinking.

The Drinking Scene, Inn of Salvius, Pompeii

http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/index7.html

Man on left : “Over here” (hoc)

Man on right: “No, it's mine” (non / mia est).

Barmaid, carrying a cup and wine jug: “The man who ordered this will get it. Oceanus, come here and drink” (qui vol / sumat / Oceane / veni bibe).

-amphorae used to hold wine

- suggests wine was main beverage consumed.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/pompeii_art_gallery_03.shtml

GAMBLING- Roman dice ( tesserae)

- Astragals

- Cock-fighting

The Gambling Scene, Inn of Salvius, Pompeii

Man on left: “I've got it” (exsi)Man on right: “It's two, not three” (non / tria duas / est)

dice found at Herculaneumhttp://www.aerobiologicalengineering.com/wxk116/Roman/BoardGames/tesserae.html

http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/gamblers_painting.jpg

Theodore.H Feder, Great Treasures of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Abbeville Press, New York 1978, pg 40

Cock-fighting, Pompeii

http://www.jhauser.us/pictures/history/Romans/Pompeii/4/93-05.jpg

“Celadus the Thracian, of the team of Octavius, has won three out of three victories.” a triumphant gambler Great Palaestra, Pompeii

Baldassare Conticello, Rediscovering Pompeii, IBM Italia, Italy pg29

Roman coin, from Pompeiihttp://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/rawson.html

FINIS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS:

- Kate Cameron, Jennifer Lawless, Secrets of Vesuvius: Unlocking the Sources form Pompeii and Herculaneum, Nelson Australia, Melbourne 2006

- Louise Zarmati, Heinemann Ancient and Medieval History: Pompeii and Herculaneum, Harcourt Education, Sydney, 2005

- Colin Amery, Brian Curran, The Lost World of Pompeii, Frances Lincoln, London 2002

- Peter Connolly, Pompeii, Oxford University Press, Hong Kong, 1979

- Theodore.H Feder, Great Treasures of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Abbeville Press, New York 1978

- Baldassare Conticello, Rediscovering Pompeii, IBM Italia, Italy 1990

WEBSITES

http://travel.webshots.com/photo/2724369070085383519MtcKz

http://www.mmdtkw.org/ALRItkwVes03Pompeii.html

http://www.bollywoodsargam.com/search_yahoo_images.php?search_term=Down+Town+Palestra

http://www.pompeiana.org/Resources/Ancient/Graffiti%20from%20Pompeii.htm

http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/stabian_stucco2.jpghttp://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/thermopolium_jugs.jpg http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/thermopolium_bench.jpghttp://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/index7.htmlhttp://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/gamblers_painting.jpg

http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/rawson.htmlhttp://www.vroma.org/images/raia_images/thermopolion.viadiana.jpg

http://historysjcdubbo.wikispaces.com/file/view/Pompeii+and+Herculaneum+Economy.ppt#267,15, Shop Keepers & Bar Owners

Author: AG InteractiveLast Update: 2009

Author: UnknownLast Update: Unknown

Author: BollywoodSARGAM TeamLast Update: Unknown

Author: UnknownLast Update: Unknown

Author: Barbara F. McManus and Daniel Jung

Author: UnknownLast Update: Unknown

Last Update: Unknown

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/pompeii_art_gallery_03.shtml

http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Italy/Campania/Pompeii-145697/Things_To_Do-Pompeii-Ancent_ways_of_relaxing-BR-1.html

http://www.aerobiologicalengineering.com/wxk116/Roman/BoardGames/tesserae.html

http://www.jhauser.us/pictures/history/Romans/Pompeii/4/93-05.jpg

Author: BBCLast Update: 2009

Author: VirtualTouristLast Update: Unknown

Author: Dr. KowalskiLast Update: Unknown

Author: John HauserLast Update: April 29th 2009

http://www.herculaneum.ox.ac.uk/article_gymnasium.html#introduction

Author: William HoptonLast Update: 29th October 2009

http://www.pompeii.org.uk/m.php/museum-large-palaestra-pompeii-en-126-m.htmAuthor: Tredy s.a.sLast Update: 2009

http://arcanehistory.com/?p=47Author: patwm18

Last Update: September 2009