Legume CHOICE Support Tool testing with actual data:

Ethiopia Team

Result of Focus Group Discussion

Knowledge of legumes and legume systems:

•All farmers are aware of the role of legumes in soil fertility improvement and in increasing the productivity of subsequent cereal crops.

•Also aware of the multipurpose functions of legumes

•They are not aware of the mechanisms by which legumes can improve soil fertility (N-fixation).

•Most farmers are not aware of the function of fodder tree legumes rather they use them for other purposes such as for shade and construction

Legume Species

Annual grain legumes

Perennial grain legumes

Tree legumes

Annual fodder legumes

No. Diga Jeldu Diga Jeldu Diga Jeldu Diga1 Ground nut  2 Haricot bean  3 Faba bean  4 Field pea  5 Ann.Climbing bean  6 Soy bean7 Lupin  8 Cow pea  9 Chick pea  

10 Lentil11 Grass pea12 Fenugric13 Per. Climbing bean  14 Sesbania    15 Lucinea    16 Pigeon pea  17 Lab-lab    18 Tree Lucern19 Calindra20 Alfalfa21 Different acacia species

Legume species and their category grown in both field sites

Major legumes produced in each implementation sites

• Lalisa Dimtu: Ground nut, bush type haricot bean and perennial climbing bean were received highest frequency.

• Fromsa: Sesbania, annual climbing bean, faba bean and perennial climbing bean were dominant.

• Kolu-Galan:- Faba bean, field pea, chick pea, grass pea, tree Lucerne, Accacia

• Chillanko: Faba bean, field pea, chick pea, grass pea, lentil, accacia and tree Lucerne were frequently grown

Demand for legume functions from participatory matrix ranking

Demand for legume functions from pairwise ranking

Priorities for functions based on gender

Demand for functions based on Resource Endowment

Constraints of Legume production

Jeldu field site:•Soil fertility decline•Lack of improved seeds•High fungal disease incidence•High input (fertilizer) price•Lack of pesticides (fungicide)•Change of weather•Lack of awareness•Low market price of the product•Insect pests

Context score for resources constraints

Legume option attributes for legume function

Food Feed Income Erosion control Fuel Soil fertilityFaba bean Grain legume seasonal 10 3 5 1 0 4Field pea Grain legume seasonal 10 2 6 1 0 4Chick pea Grain legume seasonal 9 4 3 1 0 4Grass pea Grain legume perennial 12 5 2 1 0 3Alafalfa Herbaceous legume seasonal 0 8 0 3 0 6Calliandra Tree legume coppicing 0 4 0 3 0 6Sesbania Tree legume non-coppicing 0 4 0 3 0 6

Legume options attributes for legume intervention

Land Labour Capital Inputs and services Knowledge and skills Water MarketsFaba bean Grain legume seasonal 2 6 1 8 9 2 0Field pea Grain legume seasonal 4 8 1 12 9 2 0Chick pea Grain legume seasonal 3 6 1 12 9 2 0Grass pea Grain legume perennial 1 4 1 4 6 1 0Alafalfa Herbaceous legume seasonal 3 4 1 8 6 1 0Calliandra Tree legume coppicing 1 2 1 4 6 2 0Sesbania Tree legume non-coppicing 1 4 1 8 6 2 0

Plan for 2015

Location Rationale Constraint Intervention Activities Design Plot size Treatment Total # of farmers

Lalisa Dimtu

Farmers are looking for food and income from haricot bean

Lack of improved varieties and knowledge of ways to intercrop reduced legume yield

Creating awarness through training and demonstration of intercropping techniques can fill this gap

Intercropping of haricot bean:maize:sweat potato RCBD

Sole maize, maize+HB, maize+sweat potato, maize+lablab

5

Lalisa Dimtu

Farmers are looking for food and income from haricot bean

lack of improved seed supply

Farmer based cluster seed production

Farmer level cluster seed production of improved haricot bean, soya bean and ground nut varieties with cereal rotation

Volunteer farmers receive training and

support in seed production

0.25 hectares each

improved varieties with improved agronomic practices

60

Lalisa Dimtu

Farmers are looking for livestock feed, fuel and soil fertility improvement

Lack of planting materials

Introduction and supply of Pigeon pea and Leucenea seeds and seedlings

Introduction and demonstration of leucenea and pigeon pea hedgerow

Hedgerow planting + climbing bean

leucenea palida, perennial pigeon pea+2 annual climbing bean varieties

150

Chillanko+Kolu-Galan+Fromsa

Farmers are looking for food, income and soil fertility improvement

Lack of improved seeds, soil fertility degradation and disease infestation

Farmer based cluster high yielding, diseas tolerant legume seed production

Farmer level cluster seed productrion of improved faba bean and field pea varieties with cereal rotation

0.25 hectares each

improved variety+row planting+fertilizer+innoculum

20 for Fromsa 100

Chillanko+Kolu-Galan+Fromsa

Farmers are looking for livestock feed, fuel and soil fertility improvement

Lack of planting materials

Introduction and supply of Pigeon pea and Leucenea seeds and seedlings

Introduction and demonstration of leucenea palida and sesbania hedgerow

Hedgerow planting

Fromsa (25 farmers each for sesbania and leucenea), 25 farmers each for

leucenea at Kolu and Chillanko

100

Lalisa Dimtu, Fromsa, Kolu-Galan, Chillanko

Farmers are looking for knowledge of legume producrion

Lack of awareness Awareness creation through training

Trainings on improved food and forage legumes management and production system

Three times training: Before planting (planting), on field training (weeding, protection management) and at maturity on seed quality and post harvest handiling

400 farmers, 12 DA's, 3 experts, 3

cooperative organizers

418

Lalisa Dimtu, Fromsa, Kolu-Galan, Chillanko

Technologies need to be disseminated

Field day's and exchange visits 100 farmers at each

kebele 400

Location Rationale Constraint Intervention Activities Design Plot size Treatment Total # of farmers

Based on the plan,

60 farmers from Lalisa Dimtu attended legume production training 20 farmers from FromsaSeven Development Agents, supervisors and district experts

Farmers were clustered to produce seeds of legumes of their interestLD•30 farmers were provided HB (Nasir) each with 15 kg (0.25ha) and biofertilizer (BNF)•30 farmers were provided SB (Dhidhessa) each 15 kg (0.25ha) and BNF•5 farmers hosted maize legume intercropping experiment (one farmer hosting mother trial and the rest four baby trials)

FROMSA•10 farmers were provided Faba bean (Dosha) each with 40 kg (0.25ha) and biofertilizer (BNF)•10 farmers were provided Field Pea, (Bilallo and Burkitu five farmers each15 kg (0.25ha) and BNF

JELDU•Legume production training is to be held on 22-23 June 2015•But for both communities/implementation sites (Chilanko and Kolu-Galan),

Additionally, To farmers of both LC implementation sites (Diga and Jeldu)•30 kg of pigeon pea•12 kg of Leucenea•

SOME CHALLENGES WITH THE TOOL

1.Context Assessment Methodology (Land)

•Would have better if question “d” comes first•The questions do not emphasize or difficult to explain what proportion of their land farmers use to produce legume

(Material input delivery)For the question “How often do you visit the local agro-dealer” most farmers particularly the low income farmers responded once every year to buy fertilizers or seeds. But this response/answer was not included in the choices.

SOME CHALLENGES WITH THE TOOL

(Knowledge and Skills)

•The questions are only focusing to know what proportions of the PRA participants completed either primary or secondary education.

•But, we faced majority of the participants were illiterate/ never gone to schools

•No room to accommodate these groups in the proportion study

SOME CHALLENGES WITH THE TOOL

2. Community need assessment (Vision Mapping)

As a procedure the questions to map the visions are to be asked by gender•With this grouping, all typologies mix•Wealth status differs •Could not reach on agreement for most questions

Therefore the vision mapping questions best fit to ask individual farmers than in PRA group