LEGAL WEIGHTS PER BUSHEL FOR VARIOUS COMMODITIES

of u- S. PJEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (0/1 ' . * u harry L. HOPKINS, Secretary

7 1 1940 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS LYMAN J. BRIGGS, Director

CIRCULAR OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS C425

LEGAL WEIGHTS PER BUSHEL

FOR VARIOUS COMMODITIES

flfcucd January 9, 1940]

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 1940

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C, Price 5 cents

PREFACE - il

One of the functions of the National Bureau of Standards is t(J disseminate weights and measures information. The frequent re" quests received by the Bureau for information relative to the bushe? weights established by State statutes for fruits, vegetables, and othe- dry commodities have prompted a revision of the material formerl^ji published by the Bureau on this subject and the publication of thij revised material in the present Circular. This Circular supersede!! the fourth edition of Circular CIO, issued in 1924, and the bushel hshij published in the appendix to the third edition of NBS Miscellaneousii Publication M20, issued in 1926.

Lyman J. Briggs^ Director.

LEGAL WEIGHTS PER BUSHEL FOR VARIOUS COMMODITIES

ABSTRACT

A brief analysis of the character of the bushel-weight statutes of the several States, including a separation of the States into five groups according to the provisions of their laws, followed by a tabulation of all the bushel weights estab¬ lished b}' State and Federal law according to the latest available information.

CONTENTS Page

Preface_ ii I. Introduction_ 1

IL Federal legislation_ 1 III. State legislation- 2

Group 1. Bushel weights fixed—Quantities to be determined by weighing_ 2

Group 2. Bushel weights fixed—Established weights to be delivered_ 2

Group 3. Bushel weights fixed_ 2 Group 4. No bushel weights fixed—Dry commodities to be sold by weight_ 3

Group 5. No bushel weights fixed—No requirements as to sale by weight_ 3

IV. Legal bushel weights_ 3 Table 1.—Commodities for which bushel weights have been estab¬

lished in not more than four States_ 3 Table 2.—Commodities for which bushel weights have been estab¬

lished in more than four States_ 5

L INTRODUCTION

Notwithstanding the strong trend in recent years toward the sale of dry commodities on a weight basis, the National Bureau of Stand¬ ards continues to receive many requests for information on the bushel weights established by Federal and State lav/s. The primary purpose of this circular is to present that information. There are also included some general facts relative to provisions of Federal and State laws which have a direct bearing upon the subject of legal bushel weights.

II. FEDERAL LEGISLATION

The United States standard bushel has a capacity of 2150.42 cubic inches and forms the basis for the measurements of the Federal Stand¬ ard Container Acts of 1916 and 1928. The contamers established by these Federal acts are further based upon the principle of struck meas¬ ure, and their standardization has been effected primarily to facilitate the shipment of fruits and vegetables.

The Federal Standard Container Act of 1928 is intrastate in its application. The solicitor of the United States Department of Agri¬ culture has expressed the opinion that this Act, in establishing the capacity of a bushel as 2150.42 cubic inches [sec. 1] makes inoperative all State laws establishing weights per bushel so far as they affect fruits and vegetables packed in the containers standardized by that Act.

' Compiled by Ralph W. Smith. 2 This circular supersedes all editions of Circular 10 and the bushel lists published in the appendix to

Miscellaneous Publication M20, third edition, 1926.

186082°—40 1

2 CISCULAR OF NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Bushel weights have been fixed by Federal law for only a few com¬ modities and only for customs purposes. In this connection, the heaped bushel was recognized in a decision of the Court of Customs Appeals in February 1912, at which time the court decided that a heaped bushel contained 2747.715 cubic inches.

III. STATE LEGISLATION

The standard bushel is recognized by all the States as having a capacity of 2150.42 cubic inches. Among the States there are, how¬ ever, numerous requirements affecting the sale of commodities by the bushel, ranging from a prohibition of the use of any dry measures in determining amounts of commodities sold, to the establishment of special “heaped bushels” for specific commodities. The most com¬ mon enactments along this line are the legal weights per bushel for various commodities; a striking characteristic of these lists is the lack of uniformity among the States in the bushel weights established.

In some of the State enactments dealing with the sale of fruits and vegetables, these commodities when packed in original standard con¬ tainers are specifically exempted from the bushel-weight requirements which would otherwise embrace such packages. The application to other commercial transactions of the weights per bushel fixed by State law is defined by the language of the statute and differs among the States; these requirements are broadly grouped below, and for each group there are named the States, the laws of which conform in gen¬ eral to that group. So that each State may be classified, two groups of States having no weight-per-bushel lists are also included.

Group 1. BUSHEL WEIGHTS FIXED—QUANTITIES TO BE

DETERMINED BY WEIGHING

The general requirements are that the legal weights per bushel shall be observed and that quantities shall be determined by weighing. Departure from these requirements is permitted by “special agree¬ ment” in six States and by “written agreement” in one State. [Ala¬ bama, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, Nevada, ^uth Dakota, Wisconsin.]

Group 2. BUSHEL WEIGHTS FIXED—ESTABLISHED WEIGHTS TO BE

DELIVERED

The general requirements are that the bushel “shall weigh” or “shall consist of” the stated number of pounds; but the statutes are silent as to the method of quantity determination, and so long as the proper weight is delivered the legal demands are met. Departure from estab¬ lished bushel weights is permitted by “special agreement” in eight States. [California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Minne¬ sota, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Da¬ kota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, West Virginia, W^mming.j

Group 3. BUSHEL WEIGHTS FIXED

In this group “legal” or “standard” weights per bushel are estab¬ lished, but in most cases the statute is not specific to the effect that the established weight shall be delivered; the practical effect of these requirements is probably not essentially different from the effect of the requirements of group 2, except in one State in which the weights are

LEGAL WEIGHTS PER BUSHEL 3

limited to apply when the commodities are ‘^sold by weight,” and in one State which specifically permits sales by measure of commodities named in the bushel list. [Arkansiis, Colorado, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Rhode Island.]

Group 4. NO BUSHEL WEIGHTS FIXED—DRY COMMODITIES TO BE SOLD BY WEIGHT

The characteristic of this group is the elimination of the “bushel,” commodities which might otherwise be sold by the bushel being re¬ quired to be sold by weight or by count or by the bunch. The use of dry measures is specifically forbidden in four States (indicated by itahcs below). In one State listed below, notwithstanding the require¬ ment for sale by weight, it is not certain that the bushel list has been repealed, but this State is included here because of the enforcement of the sale-by-weight requirement. [District of Columbia, Indiana, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Utah, Virginia.]

Group 5. NO BUSHEL WEIGHTS FIXED—NO REQUIREMENTS AS TO SALE BY WEIGHT

The States of Arizona and Washington have no statutes fixing bushel weights or requiring that dry commodities be sold by weight.

Relative to the values of the legal bushel weights it may be said that it is obvious in the case of some commodities that the established weight was not intended to represent a measured bushel. For example, the most common weight for corn in the ear is 70 pounds per bushel; this was probably intended as the amount of ear corn which, when shelled, would measure one struck bushel. In the case of other com¬ modities, notably bulky vegetables and fruits, it is equally obvious that the legal weight approximates the heaped rather than the struck measured bushel.

IV. LEGAL BUSHEL WEIGHTS

In tables 1 and 2 which follow, all available data on the values of legal bushel weights in the United States are tabulated in form con¬ venient for reference. Footnotes are frequently of importance in de¬ fining specifically the commodity for which a weight is given or in giving additional data, and these should be consulted whenever refer¬ ences are encountered.

Table 1.— Commodities for which bushel weights have been established in not more than four States

Beans: ^ Lima, in pod, 28 pounds (Connecticut). Pole, Scarlet Runner, 50 pounds (West Virginia). Pole, White Runner, 50 pounds (North Dakota). Pole, Scarlet or White Runner, 50 pounds (Maine and Minnesota). Shell, 28 pounds (Maine). Velvet, shelled, 60 pounds (Alabama).

Beet Greens, 12 pounds (Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont). Beggarweed Seed, 62 pounds (Florida). Black Medic, cleaned, 56 pounds (Alabama). Blueberries, 42 pounds (Maine). Bromus Inermus, 14 pounds (Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota). Butternuts, dried, 28 pounds, green, 56 pounds (Vermont).

3 See also table 2.

4 CIKCULAR OF NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Cane Seed, 50 pounds (Kansas and South Carolina). Cantaloupe Melon, 50 pounds (North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee).

Table 1.—Commodities for which bushel weights have been established in not more than four States—Continued

Chufas, 54 pounds (Florida), Coal: 1

Bituminous, 60 pounds (Michigan); 80 pounds (Ohio and Pennsylvania). Culm, 76 pounds (Maryland).

Corn: i Cracked, 50 pounds (Maine, New Hampshire, and West Virginia); 56 pounds

(Federal Statutes). Rice, 56 pounds (Idaho, Nevada, and Wyoming); shelled, 56 pounds, im-

shelled, 45 pounds (West Virginia). Cowpeas, 60 pounds (Maryland and Virginia). Currants, 40 pounds (Maine, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and West Virginia). Dandelions, 12 pounds (Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont). Feed, 50 pounds (Maine). Feterita, 56 pounds (Kansas). Grapefruit, 48 pounds (Iowa); 56 pounds (Vermont). Grass Seed ^

Bermuda, 14 pounds (North Carolina); 40 pounds (New Alexico and Okla¬ homa) .

Carpet, 25 pounds (Alabama). Italian Rye, 20 pounds (Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, and

Tennessee). Johnson, 25 pounds (Alabama and North Carolina); 28 pounds (Arkansas). Meadow and Fescue, all except tall, 14 pounds, tall, 24 pounds (North Caro¬

lina) . Perennial Rye, 14 pounds (North Carolina). Rye, 22 pounds (Nebraska). Sudan, No. 1, 32 pounds. No. 2, 30 pounds. No. 3, 28 pounds (Texas); 40

pounds (Kansas). Velvet, 7 pounds (Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee).

Guavas, 54 pounds (Florida). India Wheat, 46 pounds (Vermont). [This is a species of buckwheat.] Land Plaster, 100 pounds (Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, and

Tennessee). Lemons, 48 pounds (Iowa). Lentils, 60 pounds (Pennsylvania). Mangelwurzel, 60 pounds (Connecticut and Maine). Meal, except oatmeal, 50 pounds (Maine). Melilotus Seed, cleaned, 60 pounds (Alabama). Middlings, coarse, 30 pounds (Indiana). Milo Maize, 50 pounds (Texas); 56 pounds (Kansas). Mustard Seed, 58 pounds (North Carolina). Oranges, 46 pounds (Wisconsin); 48 pounds (Iowa); 50 pounds (Vermont). Parsle3^ 8 pounds (Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont). Peach Seed, 50 pounds (North Carolina). Peas: ^

Black-Eye and other Cowpeas, 60 pounds (Virginia). Cowpeas, 60 pounds (Maryland). Split, 60 pounds (Missouri, Oklahoma, and Rhode Island). Wrinkled, 56 pounds (Maine, Minnesota, West Virginia, and Wisconsin).

Peppers, 24 pounds (Connecticut). Radish Seed, 50 pounds (Iowa and South Dakota). Root Crops, not otherwise specified, 50 pounds (Iowa, Nebraska, and South

Dakota). Sage, 4 pounds (Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee). Salads (mustard, spinach, kale, and turnips), 10 pounds (North Carolina); 12

pounds (South Carolina); 30 pounds (Alabama and Tennessee). Sunflower Seed, 24 pounds (North Carolina). Teosinte, 59 pounds (North Carolina). Turnip Seed, 50 pounds (Montana).

1 See also table 2. 2 Other kinds of grass seed than those given here will be found under their specific names in table 2.

LEGAL WEIGHTS PER BUSHEL O

Table 2.—Commodities for which bushel weights have been established in mote than four States

i

Alf

alf

a s

eed

Apples

Ap

ple

seeds

Barl

ey

Beans '3

Beets

i

Ap

ple

s '

Dri

ed

03 c (S V

OQ Casto

r

Green

(un-

shell

ed

)

1 G

reen o

r str

ing

1 L

ima

1

Mis

cell

aneous

vari

eti

es

0 CO

2 50 48 60 3 50 24 40 48 60 46 30

_ 1_ 50 1

3 50 24 48 * 60 50

48 60 48 25 48 s 60 24 3 60

■■ 3 48 24 48 3 60 3 48

1 CO

24 47 4 60 48 i

60 3 48 24 48 60 46 56 60 3 47 24 48 60 46 24 3 24 60

1_

60 48 24 48 3 60 j « 50 56 56 56 60 ; 48 24 48 60 1 46 38 56

Kentucky ■ 24 47 i : ^ 60 Louisiana _ _ 32

1 45

Maine _ 60 ' 44 25 48 I 60 24 56 1047 58 » 60

Maryland ___ 60 28 j 1

48 « 60 19 50 1 Massachusetts_

1 3 50 1

Michigan 48 i 22 48 60 I 46 56 Minnesota _____ 60 3 50 28 ' 48 60 56 19 47 50 Mississippi __ 26 60 < 60 46

Missouri __ __ 4S i 24 i

1

48 60

1

46 55 Montana 1 45 ' 48 60 50 Nebraska _ _ __ 60 3 4g : "24~; J 48 9 60 ! 3 50 ! 56 56 56 Nevada-_ _ _ 60 1 3 48 1 24 i 48 60 ! 46 56 New Hampshire j 25 ' 48 ^ 60 1 24 58 60

New Jersey _ 1 1 1

New Mexico _ 60 45 ' uui 48 60 46 56 New York _ North Carolina_ 60 I 24 40 48 9 60 46 30 60 50 North Dakota 60 1 50 1 28 ; 48 60 1 55 1047 60

Ohio ____ __ _ _j 48 : 24 ! 48 1

60 56 Oklahoma_ _ 60 ' 48 ! 24 i 48 60 1 46 -__ 1 60 Oregon _____ i

Pennsylvania _ _ _ 60 45 25 48 9 60 3 46 1 56 Rhode Island _ 48 25 40 48 60 46

1 1 50

South Carolina-_ __ _ 3 50 24 ' 40 48 9 60 46 30 1 i 50

South Dakota 60 48 24 48 9 60 3 50 50 9 56 56 Tennessee_ _ 3 SO , 24 40 48 9 60 46 30 50 Texas _ _ _ _ 60 i 3 50 ^ 28 48 -I 60 46 24 9 24 1 60 Utah __

Vermont_ 60 1 44 ' i

25 ! 48 60 28 24 i 58 50 Virginia _ _ 60 28 : 48 13 60 46 >3 60 1

Washington _ _ } 1

West Virginia_ _ 60 3 48 24 40 48 ' 60 46 38 24 56 j 58 56 Wisconsin _ __ 60 ' 44 25 ; 48 i 60 46 30 ! 56 I 1 50 Wyoming _ _ __ 3 4S ' 48 ! 60 46 56 "! 1 1 i

1 Not defined, except as noted. 2 Green or ripe. 2 Green apples. * White. 5 Mangelwurzel; beets, table size, 50

pounds. 8 Shelled. 2 Velvet in hull.

8 Wax. 2 Dry or dried.

Windsor (broad). Also sugar, turnip, and mangelwurzel.

-2 Called “castor beans or seed” in the law >3 Navy and soja.

Dried, shell. >8 See also table 1.

6 CIRCULAR OF I^-ATIOFTAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Table l.— CoiriTnodities for which bushel weights have been established in more than four States—Continued

: w M ! 2 c I 1 D w : 3

_Li : ^ . 38

= I ffl H i

i U 33 SG ' O ' U U U U U U

Federal Statutes___ 1 i j

1- i ' 1

Alabama_ .. . . i 5 48 ‘ 14 _ 1 20 42 1 50 50 i 60 ! 50 80 22 > 56 ' 50 Arizona. . 1

Arkansas _. 1 14 ;_ i 20 48 ! 52 1

California i 1 40 _ ! i

Colnrndfi 1

! r--

! 14 :

i- j

.cu • Connecticut_ . 1 i-- ' - ! 20 48 _--' ' 50 2 20

Delaware __ . . 1 1 1 '! 2 20 i-_-- District of Columbia . _ ! 1 ! ’ '

Florida i 20 ,

Georgia_ _ 1 !

i 1 " 14 !_ : 3 20 ! 52 _;_ j_

j

Hawaii- Idaho-- Illinois- Indiana.

M4 I 22 14 I_

20 j--. 20 ! 48 20

Iowa_ Kansas.

14 ,_, 14 ; 22 i.

20 I 50 48

40 _;_I 20 1_I 48

14 :_' 20 '_’ 48 ^ --- ' ! : '

30 1 43 Kentucky_I_j 14 I 14 20 ,_ 55 . Louisiana_ Maine_

Maryland_ Massachusetts_ Michigan_ Minnesota_ Mississippi_

Missouri_ Montana_ Nebraska_ Nevada_ New Hampshire_

50 50 I

New Jersey- New Mexico_ New York_ North Carolina. North Dakota-

Ohio_ Oklahoma. Oregon_

14 ! 57 i 50 i 45 ' 50 14 : 20 48 j 1

14 1 20 52 50 _ 14 20 ' I 52 50 _ 18 20 '"50"i 50 50 _ 20 40 14 22 20 50 50

I 20 ■ 43 50 .

[ 1 j j

14 i _1

_ 20 52

10

100

10

1 m

20

14 : 20 44 50 50 ' 60 50 80 22 1 56 ' 50 14 , 20 30 ' 42 45 , . 50

45 50 50 1 14 20 1 48 : 52 50 L .

1 14 i

- 20 1 50 : 43 ■ 50 -: 50 100 20 1 56 « 50

1 20 48 50 _ 20

14 1 20 1 r42‘: 50 50 60 50 ■ 80 22 i ' 56 50 14 1 ' 50 ' 48 50 14 1 -: 20 1 [ 42 i 50 '50" ’so"' 50 80 22 , I 56 50

14 1 20 , 48 52 50 : ; 22 ! -1

43 50 1_i 20 50 14 1 20 I 48 50 1 . ' 57

1

14 i 22 20 ! 57 48 : 50 60 50 100 20 1 56 50 14 20 ; _ 59 50 _1

40 ' 56 I---.

Rhode Island-- South Carolina- South Dakota-- Tennessee_

Texas- Utah_ Vermont. Virginia..

Washington_ West Virginia_' 48 j Wisconsin_j_j Wyoming_I_i__ '_;_ 50

1 With stems: without stems, 64 pounds. 5 rommercially dry. i Wheat bran

1 Native. 3 Undefined; dried, 28 pounds. 5 Hulled.

LEGAL WEIGHTS PEL BUSHEL 7

Table 2.—Commodities for which bushel weights have been established in more than four Stages—Continued

Coal Corn, including Indian corn or

maize

Clo

ver

seed

"a 0 U A

nth

racit

e

! M

inera

l ! I S

ton

e

j Co

ke

In th

e ear

In

the

ear,

unhusked

Po

pco

rn

(in

ear)

! P

op

co

rn

(s

hell

ed)

Sh

ell

ed

1

i ■ 56 3 60 80 1 40 70 1 75 70 56 56

60 » 70 74 56 2 52

60 80 70 2 56 60 80 2 56

_ 2 56 1 1 i::::: 70 56

60 80 ! 70 1 _ -

56 2 56

60 70 56 8 60 80 40 70 70 56 56

Towfl 60 80 40 • 70 I 75 70 56 I 56 60 1 70 1 70 56 56

Kentucky 60 8 76 8 76 9 70 75 58 Louisiana - __ 2 56 Maine 60 2 56 Marylgnd _ _ _ 10 60 76 70 56 Massachusetts _ _ _ Michigan 60 80 70 56 Minnesota _ _ 60 29 70 56 Mississippi 60 80 72 56 Missouri 60 80 70 56 Montana _ ___ 60 76 70 56 Nebraska 60 80 40 11 70 I 75 70 56 ' 55 Nevada - 60 70 56 New Hampshire_ 60 9 56 New Jersey ___ New Mexico _ _ 60 80 40 70 72 70 56 56 New York __ _ North Carolina 12 60 80 40 13 70 56 North Dakota _ 60 80 70 56 Ohio _ _ _ _ _ 60 H 70 40 68 42 56 Oklahoma _ __ 10 60 80 70 72 56 Oregon_ _ __ _ Pennsylvania- _ 60 75 80 40 ■1 70 56 Rhode Island _ __ 60 80 40 70 56 South Carolina- 19 60 80 40 1 70 4 74 56 56 South Dakota - _ 60 70 70 56 56 Tennessee _ 19 60 80 40 ^ 70 4 74 13 70 56 Texas __ _ 8 60 80 40 (13) 70 56 56 Utah__ _ Vermont- _ 60 ■1 70 72 1370 56 56 Virginia - -_ 60 80 70 56 Washington _ _ West Virginia _ __ _ 60 80 40 ,11 68 56 Wisconsin _ - _ _ 10 60 I 56 Wyoming-_ 70 56 i

50

50

48 45

50

1 Not defined, except as noted. 2 Not stated whether shelled or unshelled, but

presumed from the weight shown to be shelled. 3 Red and white and crimson; burr clover, 10

pounds; Japan clover (lespedeza), 25 pounds. I Corn, gr-een, with shucks, 100 pounds per bushel. » Husked. 8 Clover seed, sweet, unhulled, .33 pounds, Illinois;

23 pounds, Texas. ‘ Field corn. - “Stone coal;’’ the term includes anthracite, can-

nel, bituminous, and other mined coal. Corn in the ear, in Kentucky, 70 pounds from

November 1 to January 1 following, and from Jan¬ uary 1 to November 1 following, fig pounds; in Mississippi, in connection with public local grain warehouses, “not exceeding 80 pounds” during the months of October and November only.

Also alsike (or Swedish), fiO pounds. II Field corn, husked.

II Red and white; clover burr, 8 pounds; German clover (also more commonly known as crimson clover), 60 pounds; Japan, lespedeza, 25 pounds.

13 Not stated whether in the ear or not, but from the weight shown it is presumed to be in the ear.

II Cannel coal. ii Shelled. 18 Corn in the ear in Texas, 70 pounds after Decem¬

ber 1, and 72 pounds for new crop before December 1. Green corn (roasting ears), 50 pounds. “In the event of controversy over the weight of green corn (roasting ears), a tolerance of two pounds more or less than the standard weight as advised herein shall be allowed.’’

II In ear, dry; in ear, green, 72 pounds. 18 Cured, in cob. 13 Red and white. 28 For new ear corn, the following values may be

used: During October and November, 80 pounds; during December and January, 72 pounds.

II See also table 1.

8 CIKCULAE OF NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Table 2.—Commodities for which bushel weights have been established in more than four States—Continued

Com meal (including

Indian meal) Cotton seed

s u V

’c 05 u

O Cu

cu

mb

ers

V E E

W Fla

xseed (l

inseed)

Go

oseb

err

ies

Gra

pes

!

Corn

m

eal

^

Bolt

ed

Unbolt

ed

Co

tto

nseed

>

Sea

isla

nd

cott

on¬

se

ed

-d (U 0) GO §

*-> 0 u

-0 c .2

! 0

1 1 i 56

48 48 32 48 56 48 2 60 1

48 56

50 50 44 30 32 48 55

44 48 j.. -

48 32 44

48 48 30 1 56 1 1 i 1

48 ! 56 48 48 32 33 ; 48 40 56 40

1

Iowa 48

1

1_

i 48 40

i ! 56

1-

* 40 Kansas i 1 48 1 40 ■ 56 5 48 Kentucky 50 i 1... ; 56 Louisiana _ _ _ _ Maine. _ _ _ 50 44

_ 30 32 56

Maryland __ 48 j i

i 56 Massachusetts _ __'

.. ..

Michipan 50 40 1 56 Minnesota__ 36 48 56 Mississippi I 48 44 48 ’ 32 56

Missouri. 50 33 48 56 Montana.. _ __ 50 ' 56 Nebraska . 48 !

_

48 48 1 _ : 4 40 Nevada __ _ __ _ 48

.. .| 56

New Hampshire _ ... 50 _1 32 ' ' 56

New Jersey. _ .. _- New Mexico_ __i 50 1 32 43 56 i New York. _ 1 ! North Carolina 1 48 43 i 30 44 48 i 56 ' 48 ' {• 4g

North Dakota__ _ _ _ 1 36 48 —

56 ’

Ohio_ 48 :

.. _.j

56 48 Oklahoma_ 50 : 32 1

j 48 ' 56

Oregon. ____ i .1 Pennsylvania 50 ' i 32 : 48 56 40 48

Rhode Island __ 50 44 30 1 _1 56 South Carolina_ 48 1 48 ' 6 30

1 32 ‘ 48 ' 56 48 5 48

South Dakota . . __i 50 i - ) 1 48 i 56 ^ 40 Tennessee.. _ _ i 50 48 28 - - -1 48 56 48 5 48

Texas__ . _ . .i 50 48 32 1

33 48 56 40 ' Utah_i _! i -1 Vermont_ 50 32 1 48 40 55 Virginia_ _ 48 . 30 56 1

Washington. __ i ! 1

!

West Virginia .. _.j 48 ' 46 1 32 44 1 36 ' 50 56 ' 40 , 3 60 Wisconsin_ ..i 50 44 30 ' 35 i ■ 50 56

1 .. ..1

Wyoming ....... ' 45 56 1 1 1

1 Not defined. 2 See also “Spelt or speltz.”

3 With stems, 48 pounds. ♦ With stems.

3 With stems; without stems, 60 pounds. 6 Long staple. ■ Green.


Table 2.—Commodities for which bushel weights have been established in more than four S^a^es—Continued

Hair ca

Lime i Millet

Pla

ste

rin

g i

1 P

laste

rin

g

(unw

ashed)

Pla

ste

rin

g

(washed)

1 a

i K H

erd

s g

rass

Hic

ko

ry n

uts

Ho

min

y

[ H

ors

era

dis

h

Hungari

an

g i

se

ed

1 K

afi

r co

rn

Kale

Lim

e i

Sla

ked

Malt

Millet

or

mil

let

seed'

Japanese

barn

yard

8 44 45 50 62 50 48 56 2 80 40 i®50

50 i

44 80 45 50 50 2 12 70

1 50

8 44 2 80

8 4 44 50 56 2 80 32 50 8 4 44 50 50 56 80 38 50 "35

44 ^ 50 50 56 !

80 i 50 8 4 44 50 56 2 80 38 5 50

Kentucky __ 8 44 50 235 50

Maine 6 il 44 45 48 12 70 50 i 35

Maryland 44: 45 50 SO 2 34 8 50 Massachusetts_ A/TicViigfln 44

1 ■ 50 70 50

Minnesota 8 4 1 50 50 48 80 48 Mississippi _ 44 50 2 80 38 50

Missouri _ 44 48 38 50 Montana _ 44 50 2 80 30 Nebraska 44 « 50 56 80 50 Nevada _ 48 "'so 56 32 50 New Hampshire_ 45 70 "35

New Jersey _ New Mexico_l 44 50 56 2 80 50 New York . _ North Carolina_ 8 44 « 50 62 50 48 50 lOi

i 2 80 40 _1 50

North Dakota 8 4 50 50 48 80 50

Ohio. __ _ _ _ 1 44 50 60 50 56i

...

70

--.-j

34! 50 Oklahoma j 44 48 561

1 80

1 38 j

1 50

Oregon __ _ _ j-__. 1 1 -I

Pennsylvania i s 44 45 50 60

i

50 50 "56| 80 38 50

Rhode Island _ i 44 50 701 2 80!

1 38 50

South Carolina _ 8 j 44 50 4 50

|'62 50 48 56 12 "46 10 50! South Dakota_ 1 44 50 56 80i 501 Tennessee __ __ 8 44 50 62 50, 48 "30 2 80 40 1® 50;

Texas __ _ 8 4 44 50 48 50 50 35 Utah-._ Vermont_ . 45 56 50 56 34 50|

50 Virginia . 8 44 48 2 80 38

Washington ... 1

West Virginia . . -j

44 45 50 60 50 50 56 15 2 70 40 34 56' 35 Wisconsin. . _ . 8 44 50 48 (") 2 34 50 Wyoming.. 1 56 ““ --

1 Not defined, except as noted. 2 Unslaked. 3 Commercially dry. < Hulled. 5 Hungarian. 6 Well dried and cleaned, used in masonry.

■ Barley malt. 5 German and American. 2 Without hulls. 1® German, Missouri, and Tennessee. 11 “Seventy pounds for a bushel of lime; 80 pounds

for a bushel of unslaked lime.”

10 CIRCULAR OF XATIOXAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Table 2.— Commodities for which bushel weights have been established in more than four States—Continued

a CB 0

Onions

Orc

hard

gra

ss s

eed

1 O

sag

e o

range s

eed

Pars

nip

s

Peaches

Peanuts

• a V

CU On

ion

s '

Bott

om o

nio

n sets

Top o

nio

n s

ets

1

Peaches

'

Dri

ed

2 32 Alabama . _ - _ 32 5 57 32 28 14 ‘ ' 33 ; 45 3 50 13 33 22 1350

32 57 14 33 32

32 57 32 52 45 52 33 52

32 56 3 54 1 24 22 55

32 57 1 1333 3 25 32 1

Idaho __ 32 57 50 48 ^ 33

j

Illinois_ 32 57 32 30 14 1 33 50 48 1 33 6 20 ! ! 58 _1

Iowa -- - 32 52 32 28 14

!

32

!

45 48 33 ' 22 ! 45 Xansas __ 32 55 48 48 33 1 : 50 Kentucky __ 1 32 57 36 14 1 39 3 24 Louisiana _ _ _ 32 1 Maine __ 32 52 14 45 48 33 « 20 58

KTftrylflnd 32 54 14 i 40 22 Massachusetts_ Michigan _ 32 ' 54 1 14 33 50 28 ! Minnesota _ 32 52 32 28 14 42 48 28 22 1 1 45 Mississippi _ 32 57 : 1 33 3 24

Missouri _ _-j 32

1

57 i

28 I

14 36 44 48 33 1 ' 48 Montana _ ‘ 32 57 50 i ! 45 Nebraska ___ __ 32 57 32 28 14 32 50 48 33 ' 22 45 Nevada __- 32 57 50 48 33 New Hampshire __ _ _ 32 52 i 1 45 48 33 6 20 ' ' 58

New Jersey__ _

i 1 1

New Mexico__ 32 57 32 30 14 42 48 i 33 22 48 New York __ ___ North Carolina_ _ __ 32 5 57 32 28 14 i 33 50 , 3 50 ' 25 5 22 : 13 56 North Dakota 32 52 32 28 14 42 i 28 22 1 45

Ohio __ , 32 56 : ! 10 28 50 48 33 ^ Oklahoma____ i i 32 57 i

j 28 14 36 44 48 33 '"4i

Oregon __ __ ____i Pennsylvania__' 1 32 50 i 10 28 14 50 48 : 1333 ' ‘S '50

Rhode Island _ _

1 32 50 i 50 48 33

South Carolina-_ __ 32 3 56 ; 32 28 14 33 50 3 50 25 '"a ‘5*36 South Dakota __ 32 52 32 30 14 32 48 , 48 33 20 45 Tennessee_ 32 3 56 32 28 14 33 50 ! 3 50 26 23 13 56

Texas _ 32 57 32 30 14 50 50 28 i 11 20 58 Utah _ Vermont __ 32 52 45 48 3 20 58 Virginia__ _ _ 32 57 14 50 1^32 12 22

Washington._ West Virginia_ _ 32 55 32 28 14 33 42 ' 48 33 j 23 50 Wisconsin__ 32 50 1032 44 48 33 48 W^yoming 32 57 50 48

i

1 Not defined, except as noted. 3 Hulled or unhuiled. 3 Matured. < Green. 5 Called ground peasin thelaw. 5 Roasted: green, 22 pounds. ■ Shelled. ’ Peaches, peeled, 40 pounds: unpeeled, 32 pounds:

not stated whether dried or not.

* Spanish, 30 pounds. 10 Not stated whether top or bottom onion sets. “ Roasted: green, Georgia or Virginia, 22 pounds:

Spanish, 24 pounds. 12 Virginia: Spanish, 30 pounds. 12 Unpeeled: peeled, 38 pounds. 1^ Unpeeled: peeled 40 pounds. 15 Matured; dried, 20 pounds.



Peas 1*

Plu

ms

1 1

Potatoes

Qu

inces

Rape s

eed

Raspberr

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1

1 R

ed t

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ugh (

or

un

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I Ry

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shell

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Irish

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w

hit

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weet

1

Ru

tab

agas

0 >>

W

60 ! 1

56 Alabama _ _ 2 60 30 64 60 55 3 48 50 48 14 50 1645 50 56 _

60 60 50 14 i 56 i _ 54 i

60 56 i

160 >3 26 48 60 54 48 14 45 1255 56 '50 1

District of Colum-

40 60 56 48 56 ;

60 60 55 43 56 '

50 THnhr. 3 60 60 50 56 i

160 32 60 50 48 50 14 45 50 56 ; ’56 i

160 50 48 60 50 48 50 14 60 56 i

YCanfsaQ 60 30 52 i«80 «50 48 50 56 1

60 60 55 56 Louisiana_ 32 i

Mflinr 60 28 60 54 48 40 14 44 60 56 "50

Maryland 160 60 60 50

1

7 14 56 Massachusetts

60 1 28 60 56 14 56 Minnesota «60 60 55 50 14 50 52 56 Mifisifini ppi 60 60 54 56 1

Missniiri i 60 56 60 56 14 50 56 Montana ! 60 60 56 NrhraBlra 1 60 50 48 60 50 48 50 14 60 56 Nevada *60 60 50 56

_ New Hampshire_ 60 28 60 54 48 56 1 50

New Jersey New Mexico 60 60 50 48 50 50 56 !

New York _ _ - North Carolina_ 2 60 30 64 56 1156 3 48 48 14 250 44 If 56 North Dakota_ 60 60 46 '50" 50 52 56

Ohio.__ - -- 60 50 60 50 56 Oklahoma _ _ 60 56 60 55 50 14 50 56 Oregon _ _ _ _ Pennsylvania_ 160 28 64 60 54 48 50 48 14 — 45 60 56 50

Rhode Island- 60 60 54 56 50 South Carolina_ 2 60 30 1 64 60 50 3 48 50 48 14 ^50 44 60 56 50 South Dakota__ 160 56 i 48 60 54 48 50 14 L ^ _ 50 56 Tennessee_ 2 60 30 64 60 50 348 48 14 I250 56

Texas_ 160 32 60 50 48 50 14 45 50 56 50 Utah_

!

Vermont ___ 60 28 48 60 54 48 1514 ! “ " ’ 56

Virginia- _ 60 56 40 56

Washington_ West Virginia_ 2 60 12 30 60 60 50 48 50 48 14 50 56 56 Wisconsin_ 60 30 60 54 50 14 45 56 56 ' 50 Wyoming__ 60 50 56 !-.

1 Not defined, except as noted. lo Seed. 2 Dry. 11 Not stated whether shelled or unshelled. 3 Matured. 12 Green, shelled, 50 pounds. < Dried. is Dried, in pod. f Shelled, dried peas. i< Green; kiln dried, 47 pounds, s Sweet potatoes, seed, sorted, m inchesd iameter >5 In chaff; recleaned, 32 iwunds.

and under 45 pounds. 10 Not defined. ■ Red top grass seed (chaff); fancy, 32 pounds. i^ Called rutabaga turnips in the law. e Smooth peas. 1* See also table 1. * Called pieplant in the law.

12 CIRCULAR OF NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1


Salt

Sand

1

! 1

Short

s

Sorg

hum

seed

Sp

elt o

r spelt

z 3

Sp

inach

Str

aw

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Tim

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es

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ips

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uts

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1 C

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e salt

1 1

1 F

ine s

alt

|

1 60 ' 50 40 48 45 ' 56 1 55 50 60

! 50 50 60 57 ! 60

60 _

SO 45 1

60 70 70 20 3 12 45 56 1 50 60

60 j___ 1::::

60 56 i 54 60

1 j

i 45 55 60 1 j

60 SO 50

j 45 56 55 60

55 50 20 50 40 12 45 56 55 50 ' 60

80 130 20 3 50 40 I

45 50 55 1 6 SO 60 80 50 1 40 14 45 56 55

JO 1 7 50 60

50 55 45 i 60 60 Louisiana

1 ' 60

ft i n 8 70 0 60 50 12 40 ^ 45 56 'll 50 60

Maryland _ _ 70 56 50 i 45 60 60 j

60 Massachusetts__ T'JTi rHignn 10 56 45 1 58 60 A/T t n Ti e.snffi 57 40 45 “50" 55 j-ic' 60 Mississippi 50 42 45 55 60

Missouri__ 50 i

--- 42 _ 45 45 11 42 60 Montana __ 1 50 45 60 Nebraska 80 130 20 350 48 45 56 : 55 « 50 60 Nevada _ 80

^ j 50 j i 45 56 1 56 60

New Hampshire_j 1_ 70 50 20 12 :::: 45 56 1 55 60

New Jersey_ New Alexico _ 130 50 45 50 1 56 60 N ew Y ork _ -

-1

50 - - 1 50 1 10 1 48 : 45 56 1 50 « 50 60 North Dakota__ 80 57 4b~ 1 45 50 1 60 ' 50 60

Ohio 50 45 56 i

!

60 12 50 60 Oklahoma-_ 80 50

" ‘i ” ~ i 45 45 1 11 42 60

Oregon _ 1

Pennsylvania_ 85 13 62 100 20 50 40 i 12"! 48 1 45 56 1 56 11 50 60

Rhode Island_ 70 ^ 50 -- __i 20 i

_1 1 45 56 50 60 South Carolina_ 50 j 50 — .1 12 48 45 56 1 50 50 60 South Dakota__ 80 130 j 50 45 1 -- 1 45 50 1 55 8750 60 Tennessee_ 50 50 30 48 45 56 1 50 1 50 60

55 50 ! 20 50 12 45 56 55 50 60 Utah __ 1

_

1

Vermont __ 70 56 ! 12 J 45 56 60 60 Virginia _ 50 I 45 60 55 60

Washington__ 1 _ _i i 1

West Virginia _ 70 50 130 20 57 40 15 48 45 56 i 55 50 60 Wisconsin_ 70 50 20 14 I 45 56 42 j 60 Wyoming___ 45 1 56 55 60

! 1 i

1 Not defined, except as noted. 2 See also “Emmer.” Spring emmer has frequently

been erroneously called speltz, this name being a misspelling of spelt, which is a distinct crop. The differences between spelt and emmer are pointed out in U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bulletin 466.

3 Commercially dry. * Summer; rutabaga or Swedish turnips, 55 pounds. ‘ Sorghum saccharatum seed.

6 Hulled. 7 Black. 8 Turk’s Island salt or other grades of coarse salt, f Liverpool salt or other grades of fine salt. 10 Michigan salt. 11 Common. 13 Domestic. 13 Ground. 11 Common English.

Washington, June 30, 1939.

LEGAL WEIGHTS PER BUSHEL FOR VARIOUS COMMODITIES

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