Legal Medicine -Gunshot Wound
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Transcript of Legal Medicine -Gunshot Wound
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At the end of the session, the Law student should be able to-1) Recite the technical and legal definition of firearm2) Identify the (a) components of a weapon, (b)
objects and substances fired from a gun3) Familiarize himself with terms connected with the
firing of a gun4) Differentiate between a GSW of entrance from a
GSW of exit5) Know the “Odd and Even Rule” in GSW6) Enumerate the importance of X-ray examination
in GSW
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◦ 7) Cite the role of Paraffin test in crime investigation
◦ 8) Know what questions to ask the medical practitioner in court
◦ 9) Identify the characteristics of GSW in cases of- Suicide Homicide Accident Murder
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Technical Definition:◦ An instrument used for the propulsion of a
projectile by the expansive force of gases coming from the burning of gunpowder
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Legal Definition (Sec. 877, Revised Administrative Code) –◦ Firearm or arm, as herein used, includes rifles,
muskets, shotguns, revolvers, pistols, and all other deadly weapons from which a bullet, ball, shot, shell, or other missile may be discharged by means of gunpowder or other explosives. The term also includes air rifles except such as being of small caliber and limited range are used as toys. The barrel of any firearm shall be considered as a complete firearm for all purposes thereof.
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Cartridge or ammunition◦ A complete unfired unit consisting of bullet,
primer, cartridge case and powder charge
Firearm◦ The instrument for the propulsion of a projectile
by the expansive forces of gases from a burning gunpowder
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Bullet Flame Gas (heated, compressed and expanded) Residues coming from-
◦ Bullet - fragment (jacket, lead)◦ Powder particles - powder grains, soot, graphite◦ Primer - lead, barium, antimony, etc◦ Barrel - lubricant, rust, dust◦ Cartridge case – copper, zinc
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Smoke (Soot, Smudging, Fouling, Smoke Blackening)◦ Byproduct of combustion of the gunpowder◦ Almost black and deposited on the target (can be
wiped off)◦ Seen within a distance of up to 12 inches
Powder Grains◦ Unburned, burning or partially burned powder
together with graphite that comes out of the muzzle
◦ Responsible for tattooing (stippling, peppering) around the gunshot wound of entrance
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Powder Burns◦ Blackening of the margin of the gunshot wound of
entrance due to smoke smudging, gunpowder tattooing and the burning of the wound margin
Abrasion Collar ◦ Depression of the skin upon contact with the
rough surface of the bullet Metal fouling
◦ Small abrasions or superficial lacerations on the skin around the wound
Tandem Bullet◦ Two or more bullets leave the barrel one after the
other and entered the target in a common hole
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Singeing of hair◦ Burning of hair
Souvenir bullet◦ Bullet that has been lodged and remained in the
body Bullet migration
◦ Bullet that travelled to another part of the body Bullet embolism
◦ A special form of bullet migration wherein the bullet enters the heart or a big blood vessel and is carried by the blood to some part of the body
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Wound of entrance Wound of exit
Appears smaller than the missile
Edges are inverted Oval or round shape (+) contusion collar or
contact ring Tattooing or smudging
may be present (near fire)
Underlying tissues not protruding
Paraffin test may be (+)
Always present
Always bigger than the missile
Edges are everted No definite shape (-) contusion collar
Always absent
Underlying tissues protruding
Paraffin test always (-) May be absent
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If the number of gunshot wounds of entrance and exit found in the body of the victim is EVEN, the presumption is that no bullet is lodged in the body, but if the number of gunshot wounds of entrance and exit is ODD, the presumption is that one or more bullets might have been lodged in the body
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Facilitate the location of the bullet Reveal fragmentation Show bone involvement, like fracture Reveal the trajectory of the bullet Show the effects of the bullet wound like
hemorrhage, escape of air, laceration and other injuries
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Also known as Dermal Nitrate Test, Diphenylamine test, Lung’s test, Gonzales’ test
Test on the skin of the dorsum of the hand or at the site of the wound of entrance
(+) in the presence of nitrate or nitrite Not conclusive NOT self-incriminatory because the act is
purely mechanical and does not require the use of mental faculty
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Could the wound or wounds be inflicted by the weapon presented?
At what range was it fired? What was the direction of the fire? May it be possible that those gunshot
wounds were self-inflicted? Were there signs of struggle in the victim? Did the victim die instantaneously? Where was the relative position of the
assailant and he victim when the shot was fired?
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Accessibility of the involved part to the hand of the victim
Usually only one gunshot wound Distance is short or close range Presence of a suicide note History of depression Wounding weapon tightly held by the victim (+) paraffin test Exclusion of other evidences
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Wound found in any part of the body Victim at a certain distance from the
assailant Signs of struggle (defense wound) may be
present Disturbance of the surrounding Wounding weapon usually not found at the
scene of the crime Testimony of witnesses
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Usually one gunshot wound Wound in any part of the body Absence of personal grudge between the
victim and the one who fired the gun Testimony from witnesses
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Usually at the back (treachery) Multiple gunshot wounds Wounds show far distance fire Wounds in the vital parts of the body like
the head, heart, chest No defense wounds or any sign of struggle Firearm usually of high muzzle velocity Seldom is there any witness to the crime Presence of aggravating circumstances,
superior strength, aid of armed men, etc
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Should the GUN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
in Danao City be legalized? Support your
answer.
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http://crimephilippines.wordpress.com/category/forensic-science/