(left side of Notebook)

JOURNAL • Answer the following True or False.

1. Public Education has always been free in the United States.

2. Prisons have always separated the mentally ill from other criminals.

3. Women got their right to vote from the 15th amendment, it didn’t take much convincing.

4. Slavery was tolerated in the North and the South.

5. A person against slavery is called an abolitionist; they live in the North.

6. Alcohol has always been legal in the United States.

The Reform Movements

Plans to change America for the better??

ABOLITION Movement

Abolition: “To abolish or destroy”

Abolitionist Movement • had as its goal the ending of slavery.

• Some people objected to slavery on moral grounds, believing that it was wrong for one human to own another.

• Others believed that slavery made America look bad on the world stage and was bad for American business.

Famous Abolitionists"I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a

single inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD."

• American Colonization Society

• WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON

• organization that believed free blacks should emigrate to a territory on the west coast of Africa.

• WROTE AN ABOLITIONIST NEWSPAPER, THE LIBERATOR, BELIEVED IN THE IMMEDIATE END TO SLAVERY

• stressed nonviolence and passive resistance

• 1832 he helped organize the New England Anti-Slavery Society, and, the following year, the American Anti-Slavery Society.

•Many Abolitionists were attacked in both the North and South

Abolitionists loved??? NO!

• Attacked in the North because

• Attacked in the South because

• threatened social order (job competition)

• threatened plantation (agricultural) way of life

Famous Abolitionists…• Frederick Douglass

• http://ucblibrary3.berkeley.edu/Literature/Douglass/Autobiography/01.html

• The North Star

• was born a slave. He educated himself and ran away from slavery

• He began to work for the abolition of slavery.

• He wrote an autobiography about his life as a slave.

• abolitionist newspaper he created

• worked as an orator traveling to speak about the evils of slavery.

Frederick Douglass

SOJOURNER TRUTH • SLAVE UNTIL 1827

• A STRONG SPEAKER message “SLAVES ARE NOT ANIMALS BUT HUMAN BEINGS.”

• She also spoke out for women’s rights “Ain’t I a woman”

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

• Sarah and Angelina Grimke

• Southern sisters whose family owned a plantation

• Upon parents death they set their slaves free and wrote a book declaring slavery “anti-Christian”

• They moved North and began to speak out across the country against slavery.

• Writes novel “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”

• Fictional account of slavery

• Extremely influential- bestselling novel ever, changed into a play and translated into many different languages.

• Harriet Beecher Stowe

• “the Underground Railroad”

• HARRIET TUBMAN “Moses”

• How it works

• SERIES OF ROUTES TO THE NORTH AND CANADA

• RETURNED 19 TIMES AND LED OVER 300 SLAVES TO FREEDOM on the “underground railroad”

• MANY WHITE ABOLITIONISTS WERE “CONDUCTORS” ALONG THE WAY

• PROVIDED FOOD AND SHELTER AT THE “STATIONS” ALONG THE WAY. Esp Quakers

Tubman with escaped slaves

Harriet Tubman (far left, holding basin) is photographed here with a group of slaves she led to freedom as a conductor on the Underground Railroad. Tubman's success led Southerners to offer a reward for her capture. Despite the hazards, Tubman made an estimated 19 rescue trips to free Southern slaves.

Abolitionist Success after the Civil War (1865)

• 13th Amendment

• 14th Amendment

• 15th Amendment

• which abolished slavery

• which conferred citizenship and provided for due process rights

• which guaranteed the right to vote to adult males

Abolitionist Amendments Song

All the slaves are free, after the civil warCitizens have equal protection, after the civil warMale citizens can go to the voting booth while

women stay home to tend their brood,Free, Citizens, Vote,13,14,15

(Melody: 3 blind mice)

Summary

• ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Suffrage Movement

Women’s Rights

Women’s Rights Movement

• Women’s Rights Movement

• Many women who were abolitionists (the Grimke sisters, Sojourner Truth) became leaders in the suffrage movement.

• Realized they needed more rights for women

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia C. Mott, and Susan B. Anthony

• Sponsorship for a women’s suffrage amendment to the U.S. Constitution in Congress began in 1878…..

• early leaders of the women's rights movement

• Founded the National Women’s Suffrage Association to try to get women the right to vote.

• The amendment was reintroduced every year until Congress finally approved it in 1919.

Stanton Mott Anthony

Seneca Falls Convention

• Seneca Falls, New York

• Convention organized in 1848 to generate support for women’s suffrage.

• Issued the “Declaration of Sentiments” a Declaration of Independence for women!

• Clara Barton: created the

RED CROSS and corp. of

Nursing volunteers

• First Female Doctor:

Elizabeth Blackwell

THE 19TH AMENDMENT fears

ANTI WOMEN’S RIGHTS CARTOON – Women in charge giving up their traditional roles as mother!

I’ll show my legsAnytime I wish!

19th AmendmentPassed by Congress June 4, 1919. 

Ratified August 18, 1920

• Women are given the right to vote June 4, 1919.

Summary

• ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Education Reform

HORACE MANN

HORACE MANN BELIEVED THE ONLY WAY THE LOWER CLASSES COULD BETTER THEIR LIVES IN OUR SOCIETY WAS THROUGH FREE PUBLIC EDUCATION!

FREE PUBLIC EDUCATION!!!• HORACE MANN –

• Known as the “Father of the Common School” because he…

• grew up poor and taught himself! He later worked as a lawyer and legislator.

• fought to build teacher training schools

• The earliest attempts to professionalize teaching

• first public schools in Massachusetts (Normal schools)

• The improvement of the quality of education offered in rural schools.

• recruitment of women teachers.

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

• FOUNDED THE TUSKEEGEE INSTITUTE• HE BELIEVED THAT ANY African- American

PERSON COULD SUCCEED IN AMERICA WITH ENOUGH HARD WORK AND EDUCATION.

"I have learnt that success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which

he has overcome while trying to succeed."

- Booker T. Washington • committed to learning and

wanted others who shared that commitment to have the best.

• believed that a little self help was needed for a person to get a good education and rise to the top.

• The Tuskegee Institute was the product of Booker’s commitment to learn, self help, practical training, and service to the community.

• Teachers trained to work and help rural communities.

Summary

• ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Temperance Movement

THE TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT

• AMELIA BLOOMER BEGAN THE TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT.

• HER GOAL WAS TO CURB (LESSON) THE USE OF ALCOHOL.

WHY FIGHT ALCOHOL?

• MEN UNDER THE INFLUENCE TEND TO BE MORE VIOLENT AGAINST THEIR WIVES AND CHILDREN

THE 18TH AMENDMENT

• PROHIBITION made it illegal to make, sell, or transport liquor in the United States!

• Alcohol consumption went down 20%!

• But enforcing this federal law proved to difficult and costly.

• Mobsters like Al Capone became wealthy selling alcohol on the “black market.”

21st AMENDMENT 1933

• REPEAL (to take away) of PROHIBITION!• ****The only time in US history an

amendment was repealed!****• Consumption of and sale of alcohol was

legal again

• The amendment was

repealed in 1933.

Summary

• ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Prison Reform

Dorothea Dix

American reformer Dorothea Dix pushed for reform of prison inmates, the mentally ill, and the destitute.

Dix went to teach prisoners to read at a local jail…

• Within the confines of this jail she observed….

• When asked why the jail conditions were so bad, the answer she was given was that

• Horrified by the conditions provided for the mentally ill in Massachusetts

• prostitutes, drunks, criminals, mentally challenged individuals, and the seriously mentally ill all housed together

• in unheated, unfurnished, and foul-smelling quarters.

• “the insane do not feel heat or cold.”

• Dix successfully petitioned the state government for improvements in 1843.

• She was directly responsible for building or enlarging 32 mental hospitals in North America, Europe, and Japan.

Summary

• ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(left side of Notebook)

JOURNAL • Answer the following True or False.

1. Public Education has always been free in the United States.

2. Prisons have always separated the mentally ill from other criminals.

3. Women got their right to vote from the 15th amendment, it didn’t take much convincing.

4. Slavery was tolerated in the North and the South.

5. A person against slavery is called an abolitionist; they live in the North.

6. Alcohol has always been legal in the United States.

Transcendentalismhttp://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/index.html

• Transcendentalism is an American literary, political, and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century, centered around Ralph Waldo Emerson.

they believed in the importance and efficacy of human striving, and they emphasized the unity rather than the “Trinity” of God

• Sparked social REFORM through literature, art, and music