Leek Moth Research Update 2012-2015 - The University of ... · PDF fileLeek Moth Research...
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Leek Moth Research Update2012-2015
Masanori SetoCornell University / New York State Agricultural Experiment Station
Allium School 2015Sept 14 & 15, 2015
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Where are they?
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LM distribution in North America
Plattsburgh, NYFirst detection
•1993 in Canada
•2009 in USA
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What do they eat?
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LM injury to leaves
(A) “Windowpane” damage (arrows) on onion; (B) Damage on leek; (C) Damage on garlic scape (arrow); (D) A damaged row of leeks
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LM injury to leaves
(A) “Windowpane” damage (arrows) on onion; (B) Damage on leek; (C) Damage on garlic scape (arrow); (D) A damaged row of leeks
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LM injury to bulbs
(A) Insect frass (arrow) indicates the entry of LM into onion bulb; (B) LM pupa (arrow) under the dry outer protective skin of onion bulb; (C) Insect frass (arrows) indicates the entries of LM into garlic bulbs.
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Which Allium do they like?
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How can we catch?
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LM population monitoring
Pheromone trap with sticky card (three times a week)
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Can we predict their emergence?
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• Life-cycle model
After emergence it takes 4 days for adults to be ready for mating.
It takes about 3 days for oviposition (egg-laying)
LM complete their life cycle (egg to adult) for 443.85 degree-days
Life-cycle model to predict LM population
We can expect next generation emerges In 7 days + 443.85 degree-days
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Num
ber o
f adu
lt m
ales
per
trap
/ Num
ber o
f lar
vae
per p
lant
Date
1st flight 3rd flight
2nd flight(B)7days + 443.85 ˚D apart
LM population fluctuation during growing season
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How can I control?
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Cultural control
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Cultural control - Row cover
•Timing
•Affects yield
•Weeding
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Biological control
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Nematodes
• Steinernema feltiae is effective when used on leek.
• Not effective/reliable for onions.
• Plant architecture is the key.
S. feltiae
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Diadromus pulchelus release in Canada
• D. pulchelus establishes and overwinters
• Parasitism rate ranges 10~20% in garlic fields
• Better control is expected as the population size grows.
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Chemical control
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Chemical control ~ Preventive control
(Olmstead & Shelton 2013)
Insecticide Labelrate/haa
2 DAT 4 DAT 8DAT
% mortality(± SE)b
% mortality(± SE)b
% mortality(± SE)b
lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior® II) 0.140 L 96.3 ± 3.7 a 81.0 ± 9.9 a 66.7 ± 5.4 b
spinetoram (Radiant® SC) 0.730 L 92.6 ± 4.9 a 95.2 ± 4.8 a 91.7 ± 5.4 a
methomyl (Lannate® LV) 3.505 L 81.5 ± 8.1 ab 85.7 ± 6.7 a 83.4 ± 8.9 ab
chlorantraniliprole (Coragen®) 0.365 L 77.8 ± 7.8 ab 90.5 ± 6.1 a 91.7 ± 5.4 a
spinosad (Entrust®) 0.140 Kg 66.7 ± 7.8 b 71.4 ± 15.3 a 70.9 ± 9.8 ab
Bt aizawai (Agree® WG) 2.243 Kg 14.8 ± 8.1 c 9.5 ± 6.2 b 16.7 ± 6.3 c
azadirachitin (Neemix® 4.5) 0.511 L 11.1 ± 5.6 c 14.3 ± 6.7 b 12.5 ± 8.8 c
Bt kurstaki (Dipel® DF) 1.121 Kg 11.1 ± 5.6 c 14.3 ± 9.9 b 12.5 ± 6.1 c
untreated check - 14.8 ± 8.1 c 19.1 ± 9.9 b 16.7 ± 12.6 c
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Chemical control ~ Curative control
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How to combine LM and onion thrips managements
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How to combine LM and onion thrips managements
One additional spray
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Conclusion
• LM activity can be predicted by pheromone trap.
• Various effective control methods are available for different agricultural scenarios.
• More control options for organic farmers need to be explored.
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Research support:Michael Bolton
Jordi Llorens CalverasAlyssa CollinsDevan GeorgeYanyan Guo
Tim Harvey-SamuelPaul Hetzler
Amy Ivy
Xiaowei LiDaniel OlmsteadLindsey Pashaw
Ensi ShaoJinda Wang
&Master gardeners
Acknowledgment
Special thanks to:Bittersweet Farm
Cross Island Farms
Kent Family GrowersRehoboth Homestead
Pest Management Alternatives Program Grant2013‐34381‐21310