LEEDGreen Associate Exam Prep

101 Questions & 101 AnswersQuestion Set with Abbreviated Answers

Question Set with Full Answers and Reference Links

LEEDGreen Associate Exam Prep

101 Questions & 101 AnswersQuestion Set with Abbreviated Answers

Question Set with Full Answers and Reference Links01 January, 2011

© 2011 Studio4 LLC

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1 What rules should be used when selecting a LEED rating system when more than one system may apply?(Choose 2)A 25/75B 40/60C Use the rating system that is most applicableD 75/25

2 To verify the compliance of a credit or prerequisite, a qualified member of the project team submits this:A Letter of attestationB LEED ScorecardC CIRD Credit Forms

3 This source consumes the largest amount of energy in buildings:A Space HeatingB Office EquipmentC Water HeatingD Lighting

4 Legal protection of the ozone layer in the U.S. is provided by this:A US DOEB Montreal ProtocolC Kyoto ProtocolD ASHRAE Standards

5 2009 LEED rating systems, except LEED for Homes and LEED for ND, have what 3 structures?(Choose 3)A CreditsB CharrettesC CIRsD Minimum Program RequirementsE Prerequisites

6 The Energy Policy Act establishes what flush rate as the baseline water consumption for water closets?A 1.0 gallons per flushB 0.6 gallons per flushC 1.6 gallons per flushD 1.6 gallons per minute

7 The Triple Bottom Line evaluates the human and environmental effects associated with these:A Federal, state and local codesB Social, economics and environmentC Energy, water and airD Global warming, ozone depletion and carbon emissions

LEED Green AssociateSample Exam Questions & Answers

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8 Construction and demolition debris cannot include 2 of these items:(Choose 2)A RockB WoodC SoilD Concrete

9 To qualify as a regional material, within what distance must a material be extracted, harvested or recovered, and manufactured?

A 250 milesB 100 milesC 500 milesD 1000 miles

10 Tenant improvement projects would be best suited for this 2009 LEED Rating System:A LEED for Core & ShellB LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & MaintenanceC LEED for Commercial InteriorsD LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations

11 For Storage and Collection of Recyclables, a building recycling program must include these items:(Choose 3)A PlasticB BrickC CardboardD MetalE Hazardous materials

12 The two primary responsibilities of the Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) are:(Choose 2) A Develops LEED Green Building Rating SystemsB Provides third party LEED professional credentialing C Provides and develops LEED based education and research projectsD Provides third party LEED project certification

13 Regional Priority credits are new to LEED 2009 and are made available to the project for:A Achieving the highest threshold level of the creditB The zip code of the geographic location of the projectC Ensuring all environmental concerns associated with energy usage for the project location are achievedD Determining all local environmental issues are achieved as identified by the Project Team

14 The LEED project boundary is defined as:A The same as the site boundaryB The portion of the site that encompasses only the building and hardscape areasC The boundary description that is submitted for certificationD The same as the attendance boundary

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15 The 2009 LEED Rating System best suited for an office complex where the owner will occupy 60% of the building would be:

A LEED for Core & ShellB LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & MaintenanceC LEED for Commercial InteriorsD LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations

16 The minimum FTE requirement per Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs) for LEED Certification is:A 25 FTEB 1 FTEC 10 FTED 1 FTE per 100 square feet

17 A popular program for comparing the energy performance of multiple buildings:A ENERGY STARB EPAct 1992C ASHRAE 90.1-2007D ASHRAE 90.1-2004

18 What is unique about the Innovative Performance requirement for the Innovation in Design credit?A It is not applicable to existing or similar strategies in the LEED rating systemB It is available for achieving the next incremental threshold of the creditC It is available only for prerequisitesD It is available only for existing or similar credit strategies

19 The major consideration when developing a sustainable project budget:A Final contractor bidsB Life Cycle CostsC Construction hard costs onlyD Triple Bottom Line

20 The EPAct 1992 water standard excludes which types of fixtures and equipment?A BidetsB DishwashersC Lavatory faucetsD Water closets

21 Which statement is true for a project to qualify for the LEED for Homes rating system?A The project must be single family residentialB The project cannot be a multistory residential projectC The project can be a 3 story or less low-rise multifamily residential projectD The project can be an 8 story mid-rise multifamily residential project

22 Who can offer an alternative way to provide verification for a number of submittals in a project application for LEED certification?

A LEED APB Licensed ProfessionalC Project AdministratorD LEED Technical Advisory Group (TAG)

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23 Source reduction relates to:A Heat island effectB Waste preventionC Stormwater runoffD Energy reduction

24 How many levels, or tiers, of LEED professional accreditation are available?A 4B 3C 2D 1

25 Consolidates and aligns credits and prerequisites to be consistent across all LEED 2009 rating systems:A Credit weightingsB RegionalizationC HarmonizationD Minimum Program Requirements

26 The two primary responsibilities of the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) are:(Choose 2) A Develops LEED Green Building Rating SystemsB Provides third party LEED professional credentialsC Develops and provides LEED based education and research projectsD Provides third party LEED project certification

27 Two primary benefits of using pervious materials for hardscapes (parking lots, walks and patios):(Choose 2) A Decrease heat island effectB Improve stormwater quantityC Increase site open spaceD Improve stormwater qualityE Allow collection of water for recyclingF Help implement stormwater management during construction activities

28 Credit Weightings are used to evaluate the credit with respect to:A Environmental and human healthB Energy conservationC Human healthD Environmental benefit

29 The Energy Policy Act of 1992 addresses these types of fixtures or equipment:(Choose 2)A DishwashersB Clothes washersC Kitchen faucetsD Urinals

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30 Where can the USGBC logo not be used?(Choose 2)A Business cardsB PackagingC LetterheadsD ProductsE Email transmittals

31 What is the recommended process for the project team to follow to achieve LEED certification?A Register the project, complete construction and request certification plaqueB Retain a LEED AP to certify the project meets all environmental requirements

C Determine if project is appropriate for LEED; register the project with GBCI and pay registration fee; prepare application; submit application and pay appropriate fees; application review; certification

D Demonstrate all prerequisites have been met and achieve a minimum of 40 credit points

32Before submitting a CIR for technical assistance, what actions should the Project Team take when considering a strategy for credit compliance but are unsure if the strategy would satisfy the necessary requirements?

(Choose 3) A Discuss the strategy with a USGBC regional chapterB Search the CIR database to see if the same inquiry has been previously addressedC Contact LEED customer service as a last resortD Write a letter or call USGBCE The Project Team should reevaluate the credit or prerequisite intentF The strategy cannot be used if not addressed in the appropriate 2009 LEED Rating System

33 How are the sustainable categories in the LEED Scorecard arranged?A By costB AlphabeticallyC By credit weightD By environmental category

34 The 2009 LEED category with the largest number of credit points and environmental impact is:A Materials and ResourcesB Sustainable SitesC Energy and AtmosphereD Water Efficiency

35 What does gerrymandering mean with regards to the LEED project boundary?A Excluding portions of the siteB Using noncontiguous parcels of landC Ensuring the project building area is no less than 10% of the site areaD Defining the site area to exclude spaces outside the building and hardscape areas

36 If the project site is 1.25 acres in size, what minimum gross floor area is required for the building?A 2,348 sfB 4,560 sfC 12,500 sfD 1,089 sf

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37 The Green Label Plus program establishes VOC limits for these materials:A Carpet cushionsB Ceramic walls and floorsC Wood flooringD Carpets

38 LEED projects cover a wide range building types and users. How does LEED define transient occupants?(Choose 2)A Retail customersB StudentsC Part time employeesD Full time receptionistsE Operations & Maintenance staff

39 Which strategy should a construction and demolition waste and recycling management plan address?A Recycling PCB productsB To use comingled or separated recyclingC Selecting reused materialsD Selecting regional materials

40 Often a reduction in water use will offer greater benefits in this environmental area:A Heat islandsB Stormwater quantity controlC Erosion controlD Energy consumption

41 According to the Environmental Protection Agency, how much time do Americans typically spend indoors?A 75%B 50%C 90%D 65%

42 ASHRAE standards address which of the following?(Choose 4)A Stormwater management BMPsB Minimum requirements for the energy efficient design of most buildingsC Volatile Organic CompoundsD Minimum ventilation ratesE Thermal comfort conditionsF MERV ventilation air filters

43 By what system or program does USGBC allow a volume certification path to enable owners to integrate LEED across the board as a standard feature of their design, construction and operations?

A USGBC Portfolio ProgramB LEED OnlineC ENERGY STARD 2009 LEED Rating Systems

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44 LEED 2009 offers 4 levels of certification. What is the highest level of certification a project can achieve?A PlatinumB CertifiedC GoldD Silver

45 Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs) does not include:A Minimum daylighting requirementsB Permanent building or spaceC Minimum floor area requirementsD Minimum building to site area ratio

46 The 2009 LEED Rating System best suited for new buildings that will be 25% occupied is:A LEED for Core & ShellB LEED for Existing Buildings Operations & MaintenanceC LEED for Commercial InteriorsD LEED for New Construction

47 Implementing a CFC refrigerant phase out plan for chiller systems requires this to be done:A Reduce the annual leakage rate of CFC based refrigerants to 5% or lessB The annual leakage of CFC refrigerants must be reduced to 25% or lessC CFC refrigerants must be replaced with natural refrigerants within 7 yearsD CFC refrigerants must be replaced with HCFC refrigerants

48 Exemplary Performance is:A Available for some prerequisitesB Not available for all creditsC Earned for all credits by doubling the maximum threshold for complianceD Available for all credits

49 What option is available to comply with Alternative Transportation - Public Transportation Access if a project is not located within 1/2 mile distance of a rail station or within 1/4 mile distance of a bus stop?

A Have additional stations or stops added to the route within the required walking distanceB Submit a CIR and request reliefC There is no alternative compliance path availableD Provide shuttle service to mass transit stations or stops

50 Rainwater harvesting systems are designed to address these environmental issues:(Choose 2)A Water efficiencyB Site restorationC Heat island effectD Stormwater management

51 Ventilation rates and Indoor Air Quality levels are addressed by this standard:A ASHRAE 90.1-2007B ASHRAE 55-2004C ASHRAE 62.1-2007D SCAQMD

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52 A project's hard cost budget would include these:(Chose 2)A Electrical system controlsB Wall coveringsC Office personal computersD Furniture

53 Reducing potable water for flushing toilets may be permitted to use this type of water:A Water reclaimed from toilets and urinalsB BlackwaterC GraywaterD Well water

54 CFC refrigerants represent what percentage of use in existing building water chiller systems today?A 75%B 50%C 25%D 10%

55 For a project to be certified, these minimum requirements must be achieved:(Choose 2)A Earn only a minimum number of credit pointsB Have the LEED AP qualify achievement of all environmental creditsC Comply with all prerequisites and earn a minimum number of credit pointsD Satisfy appropriate prerequisites and earn a minimum number of 50 environmental credit pointsE Comply with the Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs)

56 Why would the project team submit a Credit Interpretation Request (CIR)?A To receive approval for questionable credit strategiesB To appeal credits that have been deniedC To receive technical guidance on LEED credit strategiesD To communicate with project teams regarding credit interpretations on other projects

57 When an owner purchases RECs, they receive:A Clean natural gas from the local utility companyB Environmental, social and other positive attributes of power generated by renewable resourcesC Electricity from the local utility companyD Carbon credit offsets

58 What is the goal of IPMVP Volume III?A Lighting and ventilation efficiency monitoringB To provide the framework for assessing building performanceC Control and monitoring Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) ControlD Stormwater quantity and quality control management

59 Sites seeking the Community Connectivity credit must achieve these 2 requirements:(Choose 2)A A site within 1/2 mile of a residential area with an average density of 10 units/acreB A site within 1/4 mile of a bus stopC A site within 1/2 mile of a rapid transit stationD A site within 1/2 mile of 10 basic services

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60 The EPA defines, in part, a brownfield site as:A A site that has been previously developed and presently vacatedB A site that contains hazardous substancesC A barren site without vegetationD A site that has been previously developed and presently occupied

61 Natural refrigerants are environmentally benign to the atmosphere. Which of the these are au naturel?(Choose 3)A H2O

B CO2

C CFCD AmmoniaE HCFCF Halon

62 What is true about a material that was extracted 525 miles from the project site, partially assembled 650 miles from the project site with final assembly 100 miles from the project site?

A The material can contribute towards the recycled content creditB The material does not meet complicance as a regional materialC The material contributes toward regional materialsD The material can contribute part of the product towards regional materials

63 During the charrette, the project team establishes an integrated design approach toward this major goal:A Ensure the project will come in on budgetB To generate possible design solutions and strategies for a succcesful sustainable projectC Ensure the project will achieve certificationD Ensure the project will come in on budget and on schedule

64 Energy use intensity is an important factor in determing energy usage and refers to:A The amount of energy consumed per unit floor spaceB The total daily energy useC Energy consumption divided by the site areaD The ratio of maximum daily energy use divided by the total annual energy use

65 The least affect to the ozone depletion potential is most likely by using this group of refrigerants:A CFC-11 (ChloroFluoroCarbons)B HCFCs (HydroChloroFluoroCarbons)C HFCs (HydroFluoroCarbons)D CFC-500 (ChloroFluoroCarbons)

66 The primary goal for preparing a sustainable building program is to:A Bypass the split submittal processB Assign team members credit responsibilityC Determine if the certification submittal will be done as a split submittal or a combined submittalD Develop the project's environmental goals

67 What documentation is required for LEED Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance certification?A Documentation that no performance period overlaps with another performance periodB Verification that an addition is no more than 75% of the total building area C Documentation that the building meets the minumum 5 FTE requirementD Performance data for the building and site over time

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68 The greatest threat to global warming potential is presented by this group of refrigerants:A CFC-11 (ChloroFluoroCarbons)B HCFCs (HydroChloroFluoroCarbons)C HFCs (HydroFluoroCarbons)D CFC-500 (ChloroFluoroCarbons)

69 When selecting refrigerants, what is most important for the project team to take into account? A The availability of the refrigerantB An analysis of trade-offs between global warming and ozone depletionC The cost of the refrigerantD A determination of the refrigerant's overall global warming potential

70 The footprint of a building is defined as:A The area of the building structure onlyB The building structure and hardscapesC The building structure and landscapesD The entire project boundary

71 The government organization responsible for controlling ozone depleting substances in the U.S. is:A DOEB Montreal ProtocolC EPAD USGBC

72 The intent of the 2009 LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance rating system is:

A To certify the sustainability of ongoing operations of existing commercial and institutional buildings under 50,000 sf

B To certify the sustainability of additions onto existing commercial and institutional buildingsC To certify the sustainability of ongoing operations of existing commercial and institutional buildings

D To certify the sustainability of ongoing operations of existing commercial and institutional buildings over 50,000 sf

73 A building's energy performance is addressed by this standard:A ASHRAE 90.1-2007B ASHRAE 55-2004C ASHRAE 62.1-2007D SCAQMD

74 Sites seeking the Development Density credit must achieve these 2 requirements:(Choose 2)A A previously developed siteB A site within 1/4 mile of a bus stopC A site in a community with a minimum density of 60,000 sf per acre netD A site within 1/2 mile of 10 basic services

75 Temperature, humidity and air speed are addressed by this standard:A ASHRAE 90.1-2007B ASHRAE 55-2004C ASHRAE 62.1-2007D SCAQMD

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76 The primary contributor to climate change is:A Urban RedevelopmentB Greenhouse gasesC Heat island effectD Ozone depletion

77 VOC limits for adhesives, sealants, paints and coatings are addressed by these standards:(Choose 2)A Green-eB Green SealC Floor ScoreD SCAQMD

78 Fire suppression systems are generally associated with these refrigerants:A H2OB MercuryC HalonsD CO2

79 Reducing potable water for landscaping irrigation could be achieved by:A Using turf grassB Increasing pervious surfacesC Using drip irrigationD Using non-native landscaping materials

80 Minimum ventilation rates are addressed by this standard:A ASHRAE 90.1-2007B ASHRAE 55-2004C ASHRAE 62.1-2007D ASHRAE 61.2-2007

81 In the Development Density credit, the density radius calculation is used to:A Define properties included in the development density calculationB Define the area where basic services are locatedC Define the project site areaD Measure any bus/rail line locations relative to the entrance of a building

82 Indoor Air Quality during construction is addressed by this standard:(Choose 2)A ASHRAE 62.1-2004B ASHRAE 52.2-1999C ASHRAE 62.1-2007D SMACNA

83 Local zoning ordinances would, typically, not apply to this:A LandscapingB Interior lighting densitiesC Stormwater controlsD Open space requirements

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84 Which of the following are alternative fuel for vehicles?A MethanolB EthanolC ElectricD All of the above

85 Many building codes incorporate these standards:(Choose 2)A Green SealB UPCC EPAct 1992D IPC

86 Providing contact with GBCI, LEED Online and LEED Credit Form access occurs after this process has been completed:

A Joining the USGBC national organizationB Project registrationC Joining a USGBC regional chapterD Project submittal for certification

87 Which of the following strategies will not reduce the heat island effect - nonroof?A Planting large non-native trees for shadingB Increase parkingC Using paving materials with SRI value of at least 29D Placing at least 25% of the parking under shade

88 Credit Forms must be signed by this member of the project team:A DeclarantB A LEED Accredited ProfessionalC Lead engineerD Project manager

89 A building that has earned LEED NC certification could qualify for this rating system:A LEED Building Design & Construction (New Construction)B LEED Core & ShellC LEED Interior Design & Construction (Commercial Interiors)D LEED for HomesE LEED Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance

90 A preconsumer recycled material:A KleenexB Waste straw from a wheat farmC Broken thingsD Worn out clothing

91 This location would be more appropriate to consider for a new technology data center:A Land that is 80 feet from a wetland as defined by the U.S. Code of Regulations CFRB Land with plants listed on a federal or state threatened species listC Developed site located 30 feet from a fishing streamD 10 acres of a 100 acre farm defined by the USDA as prime farmlandE Undeveloped land that is 40 feet from a streamF Undeveloped land whose elevation is 1 foot above the 100-year flood as defined by FEMA

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92 On a 1:12 sloped roof, these strategies could be used for compliance with Heat Island Effect - Roof:(Choose 2)A vegetated roofB roof surface with SRI 18 or greaterC Metal roof with low SRI valueD roof surface of SRI 78 or greater

93 In order to qualify as Low Emission or Fuel Efficient Vehicles, this requirement must be met:A Green Seal score of 30 or moreB Green-e score of 25 or moreC Green Label score of 40 or moreD Green Score of 40 or more

94Promoting durability and high performance of the building enclosure and its components and systems through design, materials selection and construction practices is a hallmark of this LEED for Homes process:

A Integrated designB CharretteC Durability planning and managementD Triple Bottom Line

95 In the Materials & Resources - Rapidly Renewable Materials credit, these items would qualify:(Choose 2)A Sunflower seed board panelsB Any material with a harvest rate of 15 years or lessC Cork flooringD Brick

96 The person responsible for field verification and testing on a LEED for Homes project:A LEED for Homes ProviderB LEED APC GBCID Green Rater

97 The ultimate goal of a Construction Waste Management Plan should be to:A Incinerate on-site construction waste so it isn't taken to landfillsB Divert waste from landfills or incinerators by recyling back into the manufacturing processC Provide proper facilities for waste collectionD Verify that as much waste as possible is taken to landfill nearest the project site

98One of the most important environmental issues addressed by LEED is reducing greenhouse gas and 2009 LEED Green Building Rating Systems put a great deal of emphasis on reducing transportation needs. What are common strategies that can be implemented by the project team to earn these credits?

(Choose 3)A Provide no more than 3% parking over minimum local zoning requirementsB Place 50% of the required parking undercoverC Provide bicycle storage for 5% of the building usersD Size parking capacity to not exceed local zoning requirementsE Provide LEV vehicles for 5% of the total parking capacityF Reserve parking spaces for occupants to encourage bicycle use

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99 To eliminate the use of refrigerants for HVAC systems in new projects, this strategy would be appropriate:A Design a natural (passive) ventilation systemB Use only halons for coolingC Design the building to be cooled with natural refrigerantsD Incorporate a mixed mode mechanical & natural system design

100 Which of the following statements define Life Cycle Cost and Life Cycle Assessment?(Choose 2)A Life Cycle Cost concentrates on economicsB Life Cycle Assessment concentrates on the environment and peopleC Life Cycle Cost concentrates on the environment, people and economicsD Life Cycle Assessment concentrates economics

101 According to LEED, the site's open space requirements are defined by:A The local building departmentB The project's civil engineerC The local zoning authorityD A consultant hired by the owner to negotiate permitting with the local authorities having jurisdiction

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Domain Legend:I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application ProcessII Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)III Water Management (Water Efficiency)IV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)V Acquisition, Installation, and Management of Project Materials (Materials & Resources)VI Improvements to the Indoor Environment (Indoor Environmental Quality)VII Stakeholder Involvement in InnovationVIII Project Surroundings and Public Outreach

1 B,C 21 C 41 C 61 A, B, D 81 A2 D 22 B 42 B, D, E, F 62 B 82 B, D3 A 23 B 43 A 63 B 83 B4 B 24 B 44 A 64 A 84 D5 A, D, E 25 C 45 A 65 C 85 B, D6 C 26 A, C 46 A 66 D 86 B7 B 27 B, D 47 A 67 D 87 B8 A, C 28 A 48 B 68 C 88 A9 C 29 C, D 49 D 69 B 89 E

10 C 30 B, D 50 A, D 70 A 90 B11 A, C, D 31 C 51 C 71 C 91 C12 B, D 32 B, C, E 52 A, B 72 C 92 A, D13 B 33 D 53 C 73 A 93 D14 C 34 C 54 B 74 A, C 94 C15 D 35 A 55 C, E 75 B 95 A, C16 B 36 D 65 C 76 B 96 D17 A 37 D 57 B 77 B, D 97 B18 A 38 A, B 58 B 78 C 98 C, D, E19 B 39 B 59 A, D 79 C 99 A20 B 40 D 60 B 80 C 100 A, B

101 C

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Domain Legend:I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application ProcessII Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)III Water Management (Water Efficiency)IV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)V Acquisition, Installation, and Management of Project Materials (Materials & Resources)VI Improvements to the Indoor Environment (Indoor Environmental Quality)VII Stakeholder Involvement in InnovationVIII Project Surroundings and Public Outreach

1 What rules should be used when selecting a LEED rating system when more than one system may apply?(Choose 2)A 25/75B 40/60C Use the rating system that is most applicableD 75/25

Many project teams have to choose between two or more rating systems that might be appropriate for the same project; the following “40/60 rule” provides guidance in this situation: to use this rule, first ‘assign’ a rating system to the different parts of the building (for example, Existing Buildings: O&M for an existing structure, and New Construction for an addition being built onto it); Then choose the best rating system depending on the resulting percentages

If a particular rating system is appropriate for 40% or less of a LEED project building or space, then that rating system should not be used; if a particular rating system is appropriate for 60% or more of a LEED project building or space, then that rating system should be used; project teams with buildings and spaces that do not fall into the scenarios described in a) and b) must independently assess their situation and decide which rating system is most applicable

LEED Rating System Selection Policy: http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=6667I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

2 To verify the compliance of a credit or prerequisite, a qualified member of the project team submits this:A Letter of attestationB LEED ScorecardC CIRD Credit Forms

Each LEED rating system will have its own set of submittal forms that must be completed and submitted for documentation and verification; these credit forms may also be referred to as letter templates, credit templates, submittal templates, or submittals; credit forms are dynamic PDF forms that can be filled out and saved on a computer, then uploaded directly back to LEED Online; each credit form will list the requirements for credit achievement as well as any documentation required for submittal, space for mandatory and/or optional narratives and must be signed by the declarant; for credits that require calculations, calculators are built in to indicate if the credit requirements have been met

LEED Green AssociateSample Exam Questions & Answers

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Prerequisite/credit responsibility is assigned by the project administrator; the team member (Declarant) that has been assigned responsibility for the prerequisite/credit by the administrator will fill out the credit form and upload it to LEED Online when the required documentation has been prepared; once all of the credit forms are uploaded for those prerequisites/credits being attempted, the project administrator will submit the project for review either by a split or combined application submittal process; the split process allows certain prerequisites/credits to be submitted during the Design Application Submittal phase and all remaining prerequisites/credits will be submitted during the Construction Application Submittal phase; with the Combined Application Submittal process, all prerequisites/credits will be submitted at the same time, usually at, or after, completion of the project

LEED project registration and certification process: http://www.gbci.org/main-nav/building-certification/leed-certification.aspxLEED v2.2 Credit Templates: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1447I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

3 This source consumes the largest amount of energy in buildings:A Space HeatingB Office EquipmentC Water HeatingD Lighting

As noted in the Green Building and LEED Core Concepts Guide, First Edition, according to the EPA, Space Heating accounts for 38% of the energy used in buildings with Lighting being the second largest at 20%; note that there are sites and materials, including USGBC/GBCI, that list different % for the basic elements that comprise the breakdown for energy usage, however Space Heating remains the major contributorFor commercial energy use refer: http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=about_homeIV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)

4 Legal protection of the ozone layer in the U.S. is provided by this:A US DOEB Montreal ProtocolC Kyoto ProtocolD ASHRAE Standards

The Montreal Protocol Treaty has global jurisdiction; CFC production in the United States ended in 1995 in agreement to The Montreal Protocol Treaty; to implement the Montreal Protocol, the EPA established Section 608 of the EPA Clean Air Act for regulating the use and recycling of ozone-depleting compounds

The Treatment by LEED of the Environmental Impact of HVAC Refrigerants: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/The-Treatment-by-LEED-of-the-Environmental-Impact-of-HVAC-Refrigerants.sflb.ashxIV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)

5 2009 LEED rating systems, except LEED for Homes and LEED for ND, have what 3 structures?(Choose 3)A CreditsB CharrettesC CIRsD Minimum Program RequirementsE Prerequisites

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Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs): Identifies minimum characteristics that a project must possess in order to be eligible for LEED Certification; these requirements define the types of buildings that the LEED Green Building Rating Systems were designed to evaluate, and taken together serve three goals: 1) to give clear guidance to customers, 2) to protect the integrity of the LEED program, and 3) to reduce complications that occur during the LEED certification process

Prerequisites: In addition to the Minimum Program Requirements, each version of LEED contains unique prerequisite requirements that must be satisfied in order to achieve certification; the term “prerequisite” refers to a mandatory project characteristic, measurement, quality, value or function as identified within the LEED rating system; prerequisites represent the key criteria that define green building performance; each project must satisfy all specified prerequisites outlined in the LEED rating system under which it is registered; failure to meet any prerequisite will render a project ineligible for certification; prerequisites earn no pointsCredits: In addition to meeting all applicable MPRs and prerequisites, project teams must satisfy a combination of credits to achieve the requisite number of points necessary for the specific level of certification desired; the phrase “Credit” means a non-mandatory project characteristic, measurement, quality, value or function as identified within a LEED rating system; credits represent a particular facet of sustainable design that contribute to overall green building performance; no single credit is mandatory; credits are selected and pursued at the option of a LEED project team; credits are arranged in a series of categories, each pertaining to a certain aspect of sustainable design; each Credit is associated with a specific number of points; projects must be awarded a minimum number of points outlined in the LEED rating system under which it is registered to achieve a particular level of certification, such as Certified, Silver, Gold or PlatinumLEED prerequisites and credits work together as a flexible set of tools and strategies to accommodate the circumstances of the projectLEED 2009 Minimum Program Requirements: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=2102I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

6 The Energy Policy Act establishes what flush rate as the baseline water consumption for water closets?A 1.0 gallons per flushB 0.6 gallons per flushC 1.6 gallons per flushD 1.6 gallons per minute

EPAct 1992 establishes water consumption for fixtures used to calculate the baseline caseFlush fixtures are rated in Gallons Per Flush (gpf) and includes water closets and urinalsFlow fixtures are rated in Gallons Per Minute (gpm) and includes lavatories, sinks, showerheads and prerinse spray valvesPer EPAct: water closets = 1.6 gpf; urinals = 1.0 gpf; lavatories = 2.2 gpm; faucets = 2.2 gpm; showerheads = 2.5 gpm;

The baseline case is calculated using the number of occupants and the EPAct 1992 flush and flow rates of the fixtures; the design case is calculated using the number of occupants and the flush/flow rates for water efficient fixtures such as WaterSense, HET, waterless urinals, dual flush water closets, etc.; subtract the design case from the baseline case for amount of water savings

EPAct 1992 EPA National Efficiency Standards and Specifications for Residential and Commercial Water Using Fixtures and Appliances: http://www.epa.gov/watersense/docs/matrix508.pdfIII Water Management (Water Efficiency)

7 The Triple Bottom Line evaluates the human and environmental effects associated with these:A Federal, state and local codesB Social, economics and environmentC Energy, water and airD Global warming, ozone depletion and carbon emissions

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The Triple Bottom Line evaluates human and environmental effects associated with performance; projects certified under LEED Green Building Rating Systems demonstrate that they have addressed elements that balance and enhance the three areas of the triple bottom line; another way to look at Triple Bottom Line is: TBL = People, Planet and Profit

Reference: Green Building and LEED Core Concepts GuideI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

8 Construction and demolition debris cannot include 2 of these items:(Choose 2)A RockB WoodC SoilD Concrete

Excavated soil (soil & rocks) and land clearing debris (tree stumps) cannot contribute to this creditMaterials & Resources category : Construction Waste ManagementIntent: To divert construction and demolition debris from disposal in landfills and incineration facilities; Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process and reusable materials to appropriate sites

Requirements: Recycle and/or salvage nonhazardous construction and demolition debris; develop and implement a construction waste management plan that, at a minimum, identifies the materials to be diverted from disposal and whether the materials will be sorted on-site or comingled; excavated soil and land clearing debris do not contribute to this credit; calculations can be done by weight or volume, but must be consistent throughout

LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222V Acquisition, Installation, and Management of Project Materials (Materials & Resources)

9 To qualify as a regional material, within what distance must a material be extracted, harvested or recovered, and manufactured?

A 250 milesB 100 milesC 500 milesD 1000 miles

All materials must be extracted, harvested (new) or recovered (reused) and manufactured (final assembly) within a radius of 500 miles from the project site Materials & Resources category : Regional MaterialsIntent: To increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the use of indigenous resources and reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation

Requirements: Building materials or products must have been extracted, harvested or recovered, as well as manufactured, within 500 miles of the project site for a minimum of 10% or 20%, based on cost of the total materials value; if only a fraction of a product or material is extracted, harvested, or recovered and manufactured locally, then only that percentage (by weight) can contribute to the regional value

LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222V Acquisition, Installation, and Management of Project Materials (Materials & Resources)

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10 Tenant improvement projects would be best suited for this 2009 LEED Rating System:A LEED for Core & ShellB LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & MaintenanceC LEED for Commercial InteriorsD LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations

LEED for Commercial Interiors rating system is appropriate for interior spaces that are undergoing alteration work for at least 60% of the certifying gross floor area; if the following two statements describe the project, then a New Construction and Major Renovation rating system should be used: 1) the entity conducting the work leases OR owns and controls 90% or more of the building that the space is located in and 2) there is new construction or major renovation occurring in 40% or more of the gross floor area of the building LEED Rating System Selection Policy: http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=6667I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

11 For Storage and Collection of Recyclables, a building recycling program must include these items:(Choose 3)A PlasticB BrickC CardboardD MetalE Hazardous materials

A recycling program should include paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics and metals Materials & Resources category : Storage and Collection of RecyclablesIntent: To facilitate the reduction of waste generated by building occupants that is hauled to and disposed of in landfillsRequirements: Provide an easily accessible dedicated area or areas for the collection and storage of materials for recycling for the entire building; materials must include, at a minimum: paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics and metalsStorage and Collection of Recyclables is a prerequisiteLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222V Acquisition, Installation, and Management of Project Materials (Materials & Resources)

12 The two primary responsibilities of the Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) are:(Choose 2) A Develops LEED Green Building Rating SystemsB Provides third party LEED professional credentialing C Provides and develops LEED based education and research projectsD Provides third party LEED project certification

The Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) provides third party project certification and professional credentials recognizing excellence in green building performance and practice; GBCI administers project certification for commercial and institutional buildings and tenant spaces under the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating Systems addressing new construction and ongoing operations; GBCI also manages the professional credentialing programs based upon the LEED Rating Systems including the LEED Green Associate and LEED AP credentialsDeveloping LEED Green Building Rating Systems and providing/developing LEED based education and research projects are responsibilities of USGBCGreen Building Certification Institute (GBCI) information: http://www.gbci.org/Homepage.aspxI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

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13 Regional Priority credits are new to LEED 2009 and are made available to the project for:A Achieving the highest threshold level of the creditB The zip code of the geographic location of the projectC Ensuring all environmental concerns associated with energy usage for the project location are achievedD Determining all local environmental issues are achieved as identified by the Project Team

Regionalization was created to identify the most prevalent environmental issues in the U.S. as they relate to regional zip codes - what will be a concern in Florida may not be an issue in Michigan; there are 6 bonus credits available for each zip code but only 4 credits can be selected and used from this pool of 6; one point is awarded for each Regional Priority credit earned while no more than 4 credits identified as Regional Priority credits may be earned; projects outside of the U.S. are not eligible for Regional Priority creditsRegional Priority category: Regional PriorityIntent: To provide an incentive for the achievement of credits that address geographically specific environmental prioritiesRequirements: Earn 1-4 of the 6 Regional Priority credits identified by the USGBC regional councils and chapters as having environmental importance for a project’s region; a database of Regional Priority credits and their geographic applicability is available on the USGBC website; Regional Priority credits are not new credits but identify environmental issues already addressed by existing credits in the rating systems; 6 existing credits have been identified by their environmental concerns relative to that specific zip codeLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222LEED Regional Priority credits: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1984VII Stakeholder Involvement in Innovation

14 The LEED project boundary is defined as:A The same as the site boundaryB The portion of the site that encompasses only the building and hardscape areasC The boundary description that is submitted for certificationD The same as the attendance boundary

LEED Project Boundary: The portion of the site submitted for LEED certification and is generally limited to the site boundary; it must include all contiguous land that is associated with, and supports, normal building operations for the LEED project building, including all land that was or will be disturbed for the purpose of undertaking the LEED project; the LEED project boundary may not include land that is owned by a party other than that which owns the LEED project unless that land is associated with and supports normal building operations for the LEED project building; for projects developed on properties with multiple buildings, such as campuses or industrial complexes, a reasonable property boundary, as required for the project construction and local code, is permitted; LEED projects located on a campus must have project boundaries such that if all the buildings on campus become LEED certified, then 100% of the gross land area on the campus would be included within a LEED boundaryProject Boundary: The platted property line of the project Property Boundary: The total area within the legal boundaries of the siteAttendance Boundary: Used by school districts to determine which students attend what school based onwhere they liveI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

15 The 2009 LEED Rating System best suited for an office complex where the owner will occupy 60% of the building would be:

A LEED for Core & ShellB LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & MaintenanceC LEED for Commercial InteriorsD LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations

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LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations: In terms of construction scope, these rating systems are appropriate for whole buildings that are undergoing new construction and/or major renovationsLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations rating system is appropriate for all buildings with functions not addressed by another rating system in this category; currently, there is only one other rating system (schools); however, other market sectors such as healthcare and retail will be addressed in the futureLEED for Schools rating system is appropriate for buildings that provide both core learning spaces and ancillary learning spaces; it was designed with children in grades K-12 in mind, but it may be used for other age levels as wellAs a general rule, LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations will apply to new projects where the Owner or tenant occupies greater than 50% of leasable space: LEED for Core & Shell projects will apply to new projects where the Owner or tenant occupies 50% or less of leasable spaceLEED Rating System Selection Policy: http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=6667I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

16 The minimum FTE requirement per Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs) for LEED Certification is:A 25 FTEB 1 FTEC 10 FTED 1 FTE per 100 square feet

LEED MPRs require 1 FTE on an annual averageLEED NC, CS, Schools and CI: The LEED project must serve 1 or more Full Time Equivalent (FTE) occupant(s), calculated as an annual average in order to use LEED in its entirety; If the project serves less than 1 annualized FTE, optional credits from the Indoor Environmental Quality category may not be earned (the prerequisites must still be earned)FOR LEED Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance: The LEED project must serve 1 or more Full Time Equivalent (FTE) occupant(s), calculated as an annual average in order to use LEED in its entirety; if the project serves less than 1 annualized FTE, optional credits from the Indoor Environmental Quality category may not be earned (the prerequisites must still be earned); the LEED project must be in a state of typical physical occupancy, and all building systems must be operating at a capacity necessary to serve the current occupants, for a period that includes all performance periods as well as at least the 12 continuous months immediately preceding the first submission for a reviewThe minimum gross floor area for LEED NC, C&, Schools and EB:O&M is 1,000 sf; For LEED CI the minimum gross floor acres is 250 sfThe gross floor area of the project must be no less than 2% of the gross land area within the LEED project boundaryLEED 2009 Minimum Program Requirements: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=2102I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

17 A popular program for comparing the energy performance of multiple buildings:A ENERGY STARB EPAct 1992C ASHRAE 90.1-2007D ASHRAE 90.1-2004

ENERGY STAR is a joint program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy helping to save money and protect the environment through energy efficient products and practices

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Internal benchmarking allows an organization to compare the energy use at a building or group of buildings to that of others in that organization; the results can be used within an organization to compare energy performance among buildings, to identify buildings with the greatest potential for improvement, to track performance over time, to identify best practices at individual sites that can be replicated, and to increase management’s understanding of how to analyze and interpret energy data

External benchmarking buildings are compared to other, similar buildings; the results can be used to assess performance relative to peers in the same sector or industry and across other sectors and industries, to compare the energy performance of facilities against a national performance rating, to track performance against industry or sector performance levels, to identify new best practices for improving building performance, to increase understanding of how to analyze and evaluate energy performance, and to identify high-performing buildings for recognition opportunities such as the ENERGY STAR labelEnergy Star: http://www.energystar.gov/Energy Star Benchmarking: http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/EPA_BUM_CH2_Benchmarking.pdfIV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)

18 What is unique about the Innovative Performance requirement for the Innovation in Design credit?A It is not applicable to existing or similar strategies in the LEED rating systemB It is available for achieving the next incremental threshold of the creditC It is available only for prerequisitesD It is available only for existing or similar credit strategies

The question asks for Innovative Performance strategies and should not to be confused with Exemplary (Exceptional) Performance strategies, as each is available through the ID category in credit IDc1The project team should search through the rating system to make certain that the innovative environmental strategy being considered is not already available, in some form, through any of the existing prerequisites or credits in the rating systemID credits for Innovative Performance are awarded for comprehensive strategies which demonstrated quantifiable environmental benefits such as: Education Outreach Program; Green Housekeeping; High Volume Fly Ash to divert waste materials from landfills; Low-Emitting Furniture & Furnishings; Organic Landscaping/Integrated Pest Management Program; using a greenhouse gas budget to demonstrate carbon neutral design and operationsInnovation in Design category: Innovation in DesignIntent: To provide design teams and projects the opportunity to achieve exceptional performance above the requirements set by the LEED Green Building Rating System and/or Innovative Performance in Green Building categories not specifically addressed by the LEED Green Building Rating SystemRequirements: Achieve significant, measurable environmental performance using a strategy not addressed in the LEED 2009 Green Building Rating Systems; Innovative Performance credits are not applicable for existing credits within the rating system being used; One point is awarded for each innovative performance credit achieved LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222Guidance on Innovation & Design (ID) Credits: http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/LEEDdocs/IDcredit_guidance_final.pdfVII Stakeholder Involvement in Innovation

19 The major consideration when developing a sustainable project budget:A Final contractor bidsB Life Cycle CostsC Construction hard costs onlyD Triple Bottom Line

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Life Cycle Costs (LLC) Synonymous with green building, “cradle to grave” costs that go beyond the initial construction costs to include operation and maintenance of the building after occupancy, demolition costs and reuse value at the end of the building’s life; Life Cycle Costs (LCC) encompass: Initial costs (design and construction); Operating costs (energy, water, other utilities and personnel); Maintenance, repair and replacement costs; Salvage value at the end of the building’s lifeHard Costs: These costs are the expenditures for the actual construction phases of the project such as sitework, concrete, masonry, roofing, interior finishes such as carpet and painting, mechanical systems, etc.; in general, these are the costs paid to the general contractor, subcontractors or material suppliers for direct construction related activities and materialsSoft Costs: These are costs are for services outside the realm of what is done on the construction site; they include architectural and engineering fees, permit fees, legal and real estate fees, interest paid for the cost of doing the project, insurance, closing costs, etcSustainable Building Technical Manual, Part II, Pre-Design Issues: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/Sustainable-Building-Technical-Manual-Part-II.sflb.ashxI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

20 The EPAct 1992 water standard excludes which types of fixtures and equipment?A BidetsB DishwashersC Lavatory faucetsD Water closets

Not included in the scope of EPAct 1992: Commercial steam cookers; commercial dishwashers; automatic commercial ice makers; commercial clothes washers; residential clothes washers; standard and compact residential dishwashersIncluded in the scope of EPAct 1992: water closets; urinals; lavatory faucets; sink faucets; showerheads; prerinse spray valvesEPAct 1992 establishes water use for the baseline caseEPAct 1992 EPA National Efficiency Standards and Specifications for Residential and Commercial Water Using Fixtures and Appliances: http://www.epa.gov/watersense/docs/matrix508.pdfIII Water Management (Water Efficiency)

21 Which statement is true for a project to qualify for the LEED for Homes rating system?A The project must be single family residentialB The project cannot be a multistory residential projectC The project can be a 3 story or less low-rise multifamily residential projectD The project can be an 8 story mid-rise multifamily residential project

LEED for Homes rating system is appropriate for single family and low-rise (1-3 stories) multifamily residential buildings that are undergoing new construction or a gut rehab; if they contain kitchens, dormitories and assisted living facilities may use LEED for Homes, at the project team’s discretion; if the kitchens are in-unit, as opposed to central, project teams are strongly encouraged to use LEED for Homes; Mid-rise (4-6 stories) multifamily residential buildings, dormitories, and assisted living facilities may use either LEED for Homes OR the LEED for Homes Mid-Rise Pilot Rating System (again, if kitchen facilities are present), which is a modified version of LEED for HomesLEED Rating System Selection Policy: http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=6667I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

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22 Who can offer an alternative way to provide verification for a number of submittals in a project application for LEED certification?

A LEED APB Licensed ProfessionalC Project AdministratorD LEED Technical Advisory Group (TAG)

The phrase “Licensed Professional” refers to a person formally certified by a licensing board to practice as a Professional Engineer, Registered Architect, or Registered Landscape Architect; the Licensed Professional Exemption offers an alternative way to provide verification for a number of submittals in a project application for LEED certificationI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

23 Source reduction relates to:A Heat island effectB Waste preventionC Stormwater runoffD Energy reduction

Waste prevention, also know as "source reduction," is the practice of designing, manufacturing, purchasing, or using materials (such as products and packaging) in ways that reduce the amount or toxicity of trash created; reusing items is another way to stop waste at the source because it delays or avoids that item's entry in the waste collection and disposal system; source reduction, including reuse, can help reduce waste disposal and handling costs, because it avoids the costs of recycling, municipal composting, landfilling, and combustion; source reduction also conserves resources and reduces pollution, including greenhouse gases that contribute to global warmingEPA source reduction information: http://www.epa.gov/waste/conserve/rrr/reduce.htmV Acquisition, Installation, and Management of Project Materials (Materials & Resources)

24 How many levels, or tiers, of LEED professional accreditation are available?A 4B 3C 2D 1

There are three (3) tiers available for accreditation: LEED Green Associate; LEED AP with Specialty: LEED AP Fellow LEED accreditation information: http://www.gbci.org/main-nav/professional-credentials/credentials.aspxI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

25 Consolidates and aligns credits and prerequisites to be consistent across all LEED 2009 rating systems:A Credit weightingsB RegionalizationC HarmonizationD Minimum Program Requirements

Harmonization is the structure used to consolidate, align and update all existing LEED 2009 rating systems into their most effective common denominator providing a pool of prerequisites/credits for all LEED 2009 rating systemsA scrub of the existing Credit Interpretation Rulings (CIRs) was conducted and necessary precedent-setting and clarifying language has been incorporated into the prerequisites/credits; necessary precedent setting and clarifying information from Credit Interpretation Rulings (CIRs) were incorporated into the rating systems; LEED for Homes and LEED for ND will not be changed under LEED 2009LEED Harmonization information: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1971I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

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26 The two primary responsibilities of the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) are:(Choose 2) A Develops LEED Green Building Rating SystemsB Provides third party LEED professional credentialsC Develops and provides LEED based education and research projectsD Provides third party LEED project certification

USGBC is responsible for developing the LEED Green Building Rating Systems and LEED based education and research projects; the LEED green building certification system is the preeminent program for rating the design, construction and operation of green buildings; USGBC provides top quality educational programs on green design, construction, and operations for professionals from all sectors of the building industry; USGBC also hosts Greenbuild, the largest international conference and expo focused on green buildingProfessional credentialing and project certification are responsibilities of GBCIU.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) information: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=124I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

27 Two primary benefits of using pervious materials for hardscapes (parking lots, walks and patios):(Choose 2) A Decrease heat island effectB Improve stormwater quantityC Increase site open spaceD Improve stormwater qualityE Allow collection of water for recyclingF Help implement stormwater management during construction activities

Pervious materials are more porous than impervious materials which allows stormwater to penetrate through the material to reduce the amount of surface runoff and filter what reaches the subsurfaceSustainable Sites category : Stormwater Design - Quantity ControlIntent: To limit disruption of natural hydrology by reducing impervious cover, increasing on-site infiltration, reducing or eliminating pollution from stormwater runoff and eliminating contaminantsStrategies: Design the project site to maintain natural stormwater flows by promoting infiltration; specify vegetated roofs, pervious paving and other measures to minimize impervious surfaces; reuse stormwater for non-potable uses such as landscape irrigation, toilet and urinal flushing, and custodial usesSustainable Sites category: Stormwater Design - Quality ControlIntent: To limit disruption and pollution of natural water flows by managing stormwater runoffStrategies: Use alternative surfaces (e.g., vegetated roofs, pervious pavement, grid pavers) and nonstructural techniques (e.g., rain gardens, vegetated swales, disconnection of imperviousness, rainwater recycling) to reduce imperviousness and promote infiltration and thereby reduce pollutant loadingsLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222II Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)

28 Credit Weightings are used to evaluate the credit with respect to:A Environmental and human healthB Energy conservationC Human healthD Environmental benefit

Credit Weightings are a matrix that measure the credit's ability to impact different environmental and human health concerns; LEED awards more points to credits that will have greater positive impacts on what matters most - energy efficiency and CO2 reductions

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Credit Weighting information: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1971I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

29 The Energy Policy Act of 1992 addresses these types of fixtures or equipment:(Choose 2)A DishwashersB Clothes washersC Kitchen faucetsD Urinals

Included in the scope of EPAct 1992: water closets; urinals; lavatory faucets; sink faucets; showerheads; prerinse spray valvesNot included in the scope of EPAct 1992: Commercial steam cookers; commercial dishwashers; automatic commercial ice makers; commercial clothes washers; residential clothes washers; standard and compact residential dishwashersEPAct 1992 establishes water use for the baseline caseEPAct 1992 EPA National Efficiency Standards and Specifications for Residential and Commercial Water Using Fixtures and Appliances: http://www.epa.gov/watersense/docs/matrix508.pdfIII Water Management (Water Efficiency)

30 Where can the USGBC logo not be used?(Choose 2)A Business cardsB PackagingC LetterheadsD ProductsE Email transmittals

USGBC Logo guidelines: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1835I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

31 What is the recommended process for the project team to follow to achieve LEED certification?A Register the project, complete construction and request certification plaqueB Retain a LEED AP to certify the project meets all environmental requirements

CDetermine if project is appropriate for LEED; register the project with GBCI and pay registration fee; prepare application; submit application and pay appropriate fees; application review; certification

D Demonstrate all prerequisites have been met and achieve a minimum of 40 credit pointsThe project team should first review the LEED 2009 Green Building Rating Systems and determine if the project can achieve certification and if so, would it be appropriate to pursue certification; if the project team determines to pursue certification, a project administrator is selected and that person will submit for registration and pay the applicable fee; the project administrator will then determine which team member(s) are best suited for each prerequisite/credit and assign them responsibility for that prerequisite/credit; the project administrator will periodically review the project status of each prerequisite/credit via LEED Online; when the prerequisites/credits have been sufficiently documented, the project administrator will upload and submit application for certification and pay the applicable fee; GBCI will review the application submittal and respond accordingly to each prerequisite/credit; after all prerequisite/credit submittals have been successfully achieved, GBCI will issue a final ruling that certification will be awarded on a level determined by the credits achieved; the certification is not final until the project team accepts the final rulingLEED registration and certification process: http://www.gbci.org/main-nav/building-certification/leed-certification.aspxI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

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32Before submitting a CIR for technical assistance, what actions should the Project Team take when considering a strategy for credit compliance but are unsure if the strategy would satisfy the necessary requirements?

(Choose 3) A Discuss the strategy with a USGBC regional chapterB Search the CIR database to see if the same inquiry has been previously addressedC Contact LEED customer service as a last resortD Write a letter or call USGBCE The Project Team should reevaluate the credit or prerequisite intentF The strategy cannot be used if not addressed in the appropriate 2009 LEED Rating System

The project team should first reevaluate the prerequisite/credit as a final check that they are at an impasse with regards to understanding their strategy compliance; the second step would be to search the CIR data base to see it a similar CIR had been submitted and ruled upon; the project team then could contact customer service for advice; if none of these paths prove to be successful, the project team should then submit a CIRThe Credit Interpretation Request (CIR) and ruling process was established for project applicants seeking technical and administrative guidance on how LEED credits apply to their projects and vice versa; CIRs apply to only one prerequisite or credit; CIRs cost $220 per requestGuidelines for CIR Customers: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/Guidelines-for-CIR-Customers.sflb.ashxI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

33 How are the sustainable categories in the LEED Scorecard arranged?A By costB AlphabeticallyC By credit weightD By environmental category

A LEED Scorecard (checklist) replicates the corresponding 2009 LEED Rating System which is organized by environmental categoriesThe LEED Scorecard is a tool that lists all sustainable (environmental) categories, prerequisites and credits for the appropriate rating system and has (3) columns of boxes marked "YES", "NO" and "MAYBE"; the project team marks each credit they intend to pursue and the scorecard will automatically total the score to indicate a "Target Level" of certification; the project team can make adjustments at any time since this is only a tool to use for final determination of the credits that will be submitted; it is advisable to add a few credits when submitting the project for certification as a safety factor in the event some credits are denied when ruled upon by GBCILEED Rating Systems: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

34 The 2009 LEED category with the largest number of credit points and environmental impact is:A Materials and ResourcesB Sustainable SitesC Energy and AtmosphereD Water Efficiency

Energy and Atmosphere (EA) has the most points available and offers the most environmental impactFor LEED NC: Sustainable Sites = 26 pts; Water Efficiency = 10 pts; Energy & Atmosphere = 35 pts; Materials & Resources = 14 pts; Indoor Environmental Quality = 15 ptsEnergy & Atmosphere category: Entire categoryLEED Rating System Structures: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1991I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

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35 What does gerrymandering mean with regards to the LEED project boundary?A Excluding portions of the siteB Using noncontiguous parcels of landC Ensuring the project building area is no less than 10% of the site areaD Defining the site area to exclude spaces outside the building and hardscape areas

Per MPR: Gerrymandering of a LEED project boundary is prohibited: the boundary may not unreasonably exclude sections of land to create boundaries in unreasonable shapes for the sole purpose of complying with prerequisites or creditsIt is important to note that the LEED project boundary must be used consistently across all credits; this applies also with Full Time Equivalent (FTE) countsLEED 2009 Minimum Program Requirements: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=2102I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

36 If the project site is 1.25 acres in size, what minimum gross floor area is required for the building?A 2,348 sfB 4,560 sfC 12,500 sfD 1,089 sf

Per MPR: The gross floor area of the LEED project building must be no less than 2% of the gross land area within the LEED project boundaryminimum gross floor area = gross land area * 0.02 = (1.25 acres x 43,560 (sf/acre) * 0.02 = 54,450 sf * 0.02 = 1,089 sfLEED 2009 Minimum Program Requirements: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=2102I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

37 The Green Label Plus program establishes VOC limits for these materials:A Carpet cushionsB Ceramic walls and floorsC Wood flooringD Carpets

Carpet and Rug Institute Green Label Plus program addresses VOC limits for carpetsCarpet and Rug Institute Green Label program addresses VOC limits for carpet cushionsIndoor Environmental Quality category: Low Emitting Materials - Flooring SystemsIntent: To reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well-being of installers and occupantsRequirements: All carpet installed in the building interior must meet the testing and product requirements of the Carpet and Rug Institute Green Label Plus program; all carpet cushion installed in the building interior must meet the requirements of the Carpet and Rug Institute Green Label programLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI): http://www.carpet-rug.org/commercial-customers/green-building-and-the-environment/green-label-plus/index.cfmVI Improvements to the Indoor Environment (Indoor Environmental Quality)

38 LEED projects cover a wide range building types and users. How does LEED define transient occupants?(Choose 2)A Retail customersB StudentsC Part time employeesD Full time receptionistsE Operations & Maintenance staff

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LEED defines 4 types of occupants: Full Time Staff; Part Time Staff; Peak Transients (students, volunteers, visitors, customers); ResidentsIt is important to note that Full Time Equivalent (FTE) counts must be used consistently across all credits; this applies also with the LEED project boundaryFull Time Equivalent (FTE): Regular building occupant who spends 40 hours per week in the project building; part time or overtime occupants have FTE values based on their hours per week divided by 40; multiple shifts are included or excluded depending on their intent and requirements of the creditFull Time Equivalent building occupants: Measure equal to the total number of hours all building occupants spend in the building during the peak 8 hour occupancy period divided by 8 hoursFor Full or Part Time Staff calculate the Full Time Equivalent (FTE) occupants based on a standard 8 hour occupancy period; A Full Time 8 hour occupant has an FTE value of 1.0 (i.e. a Full Time occupant works 8 hours per day, the FTE = 8 / 8 = 1.0); A Part Time occupant has a FTE value based on work hours per day divided by 8, (i.e. if a Part Time occupant works 4 hrs per day, the FTE = 4 / 8 = 0.5); Total FTE occupants = Total occupant hours / 8 hours; Transient occupants are calculated by applying a numerical factor based on the occupancy typeSustainable Sites category: Alternative TransportationWater Efficiency category: Indoor water and wastewater calculationsLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

39 Which strategy should a construction and demolition waste and recycling management plan address?A Recycling PCB productsB To use comingled or separated recyclingC Selecting reused materialsD Selecting regional materials

Comingling is the process of recycling materials that allows for the disposal of various materials in one container that is separate from waste; the recyclable materials are not sorted until they are collected and brought to a sorting facility; different rules apply for verification when implementing comingled recyclingMaterials & Resources category: Construction Waste ManagementIntent: To divert construction and demolition debris from disposal in landfills and incineration facilities; redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process and reusable materials to appropriate sitesRequirements: Recycle and/or salvage nonhazardous construction and demolition debris; develop and implement a construction waste management plan that, at a minimum, identifies the materials to be diverted from disposal and whether the materials will be sorted on-site or comingled; excavated soil and land clearing debris do not contribute to this credit; calculations can be done by weight or volume, but must be consistent throughoutLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222V Acquisition, Installation, and Management of Project Materials (Materials & Resources)

40 Often a reduction in water use will offer greater benefits in this environmental area:A Heat islandsB Stormwater quantity controlC Erosion controlD Energy consumption

Reducing water consumption can save energy and improve environmental well being; in many buildings, the most significant savings associated with water efficiency results from reduced energy costs; water efficiency cuts costs by reducing the amount of water that must be treated, heated, cooled and distributed -all of which requires energy

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Water Efficiency category: Water Use Reduction, Water Efficient Landscaping and Process Water Use reductionLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

41 According to the Environmental Protection Agency, how much time do Americans typically spend indoors?A 75%B 50%C 90%D 65%

According to the EPA, on average, Americans spend 90% of their time indoors where the indoor air quality can be 2 - 5 times worse than the air quality outdoorsEPA - Indoor Air Quality: http://www.epa.gov/iaq/index.htmlEPA - Green Building Practices: http://www.epa.gov/greenbuilding/pubs/gbstats.pdfVI Improvements to the Indoor Environment (Indoor Environmental Quality)

42 ASHRAE standards address which of the following?(Choose 4)A Stormwater management BMPsB Minimum requirements for the energy efficient design of most buildingsC Volatile Organic CompoundsD Minimum ventilation ratesE Thermal comfort conditionsF MERV ventilation air filters

ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999 Method of Testing General Ventilation Air Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size standard for methods for testing air cleaners for 2 performance characteristics: the device's capacity for removing particles from the air stream and the device's resistance to airflow; MERV air filters ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy identifies the factors of thermal comfort and the process for developing comfort criteria for a building space and its occupants; indoor space environmental and personal factors that will produce thermal environmental conditions acceptable to 80% of the occupants within a spaceASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality specifies minimum ventilation rates; these rates are used to improve indoor air quality as part of the IEQ credit categoryASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 establishes minimum requirements for the energy efficient design of buildings (not included are single family homes or multifamily homes less than 3 stories) with regards to the building envelope, HVAC, service water heating, power, lighting and other equipmentASHRAE: http://www.ashrae.orgI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

43 By what system or program does USGBC allow a volume certification path to enable owners to integrate LEED across the board as a standard feature of their design, construction and operations?

A USGBC Portfolio ProgramB LEED OnlineC ENERGY STARD 2009 LEED Rating Systems

The USGBC Portfolio Program allows organizations to achieve LEED certification on a volume scaleUSGBC Portfolio Program: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1729I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

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44 LEED 2009 offers 4 levels of certification. What is the highest level of certification a project can achieve?A PlatinumB CertifiedC GoldD Silver

The four LEED certification levels are: Certified, Silver, Gold, and PlatinumLEED project certification levels: Certified 40-49 points; Silver 50-59 points; Gold 60-79 points; Platinum 80+pointsRefer to Green Building and LEED Core Concepts GuideI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

45 Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs) does not include:A Minimum daylighting requirementsB Permanent building or spaceC Minimum floor area requirementsD Minimum building to site area ratio

Minimum Program Requirements:MPR: Must: 1) comply with environmental laws; 2) must be a complete, permanent building or space; 3) must use a reasonable site boundary; 4) must comply with minimum floor area requirements; 5) must comply with minimum occupancy rate; 6) must commit to sharing whole-building energy and water usage data; 7) must comply with a minimum building area to site area ratioLEED 2009 Minimum Program Requirements: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=2102I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

46 The 2009 LEED Rating System best suited for new buildings that will be 25% occupied is:A LEED for Core & ShellB LEED for Existing Buildings Operations & MaintenanceC LEED for Commercial InteriorsD LEED for New Construction

LEED for Core & Shell rating system is appropriate for whole buildings in which the entity pursuing certification controls the design and construction of all primary structural components and the exterior skin but not the interior fit-out (with the exception of common spaces, such as lobbies, etc)As a general rule, LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations will apply to new projects where the Owner or tenant occupies greater than 50% of leasable space: LEED for Core & Shell projects will apply to new projects where the Owner or tenant occupies 50% or less of leasable spaceLEED Rating System Selection Policy: http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=6667I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

47 Implementing a CFC refrigerant phase out plan for chiller systems requires this to be done:A Reduce the annual leakage rate of CFC based refrigerants to 5% or lessB The annual leakage of CFC refrigerants must be reduced to 25% or lessC CFC refrigerants must be replaced with natural refrigerants within 7 yearsD CFC refrigerants must be replaced with HCFC refrigerants

The project is permitted 5 years from the project completion date to phase out the use of CFC refrigerants of existing chilled water systems while maintaining a 5% or less leakage rate; for systems connected to a central chilled water system, an alternative compliance path is permitted requiring an economic analysis showing replacement or conversion is not economically feasible by taking more than 10 years to payback the investmentEnergy & Atmosphere category: Fundamental Refrigerant ManagementIntent: To reduce stratospheric ozone depletion

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Requirements: Zero use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) based refrigerants in new base building heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems; when reusing existing base building HVAC equipment, complete a comprehensive CFC phase-out conversion prior to project completion; phase-out plans extending beyond the project completion date will be considered on their meritsFundamental Refrigerant Management is a prerequisiteLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222The Treatment by LEED of the Environmental Impact of HVAC Refrigerants: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/The-Treatment-by-LEED-of-the-Environmental-Impact-of-HVAC-Refrigerants.sflb.ashxIV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)

48 Exemplary Performance is:A Available for some prerequisitesB Not available for all creditsC Earned for all credits by doubling the maximum threshold for complianceD Available for all credits

Innovation in Design category: Innovation in DesignIntent: To provide design teams and projects the opportunity to achieve exceptional performance above the requirements set by the LEED Green Building Rating SystemRequirements: Achieve Exemplary Performance in an existing LEED Green Building Rating System; as a general rule of thumb, ID credits for Exemplary Performance are awarded for achieving the next incremental percentage threshold or doubling the credit requirements of an existing credit; one point is awarded for each exemplary performance credit achieved Exemplary Performance is also referred to as Exceptional PerformanceThe LEED rating system reference guides will indicate which credits are available for Exemplary Performance

An example of earning an exemplary point would be with MRc5 Regional Materials that awards 1 point for using 10% regional materials and 2 points for using 20% regional materials. An Exemplary Performance point is available for this credit for achieving the next incremental threshold of 30%.

Another example is EAc6 Green Power that awards 1 point for engaging a 2 year renewable energy contract to provide 35% of the building's electricity from renewable sources; in this instance, an Exemplary Performance point is warded for doubling the threshold and providing 70% electricity from renewable sources LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222Guidance on Innovation & Design (ID) Credits: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/Guidance-on-Innovation-and-Design-Credits.sflb.ashxI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

49 What option is available to comply with Alternative Transportation - Public Transportation Access if a project is not located within 1/2 mile distance of a rail station or within 1/4 mile distance of a bus stop?

A Have additional stations or stops added to the route within the required walking distanceB Submit a CIR and request reliefC There is no alternative compliance path availableD Provide shuttle service to mass transit stations or stops

A campus or private bus is a bus or shuttle service that is privately operated and not available to the general public; in LEED, a campus or private bus line that falls within 1/4 mile of the project site and provides transportation service to the public can contribute to earning the credit

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Credit Interpretation Requests (CIRs) interpret the intent of the credit and do not offer relief aside from the opinion of the CIR reviewing bodySustainable Sites category: Alternative Transportation - Public Transportation AccessIntent: To reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile useRequirements:Option 1: Rail Station Proximity: Locate the project within 1/2-mile walking distance (measured from a main building entrance) of an existing or planned and funded commuter rail, light rail or subway stationOption 2: Bus Stop Proximity: Locate the project within 1/4-mile walking distance (measured from a main building entrance) of 1 or more stops for 2 or more public, campus, or private bus lines usable by building occupantsLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222Guidelines for CIR Customers: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/Guidelines-for-CIR-Customers.sflb.ashxII Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)

50 Rainwater harvesting systems are designed to address these environmental issues:(Choose 2)A Water efficiencyB Site restorationC Heat island effectD Stormwater management

Stormwater can be collected and used for irrigation, fixture flushing and process water; harvesting rainwater can reduce the quantity of stormwater; rainwater harvesting can consist of strategies such as: rain barrels; cisterns; retention ponds Sustainable Sites and Water Efficiency categories: Stormwater quantity control and water use reductionLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

51 Ventilation rates and Indoor Air Quality levels are addressed by this standard:A ASHRAE 90.1-2007B ASHRAE 55-2004C ASHRAE 62.1-2007D SCAQMD

ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality specifies minimum standard ventilation rates and indoor air quality (IAQ) levelsIndoor Environmental Quality category: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring, Increased Ventilation and Controllability of Systems - Thermal Comfort LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222ASHRAE: http://www.ashrae.orgVI Improvements to the Indoor Environment (Indoor Environmental Quality)

52 A project's hard cost budget would include these:(Chose 2)A Electrical system controlsB Wall coveringsC Office personal computersD Furniture

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Hard Costs: costs for expenditures of the actual construction phases of the project such as sitework, concrete, masonry, roofing, interior finishes such as carpet and painting, mechanical systems, etc.; in general, these are the costs paid to the general contractor, subcontractors or material suppliers for direct construction related activities and materialsSoft Costs: costs for services outside the realm of what is done on the construction site; they include architectural and engineering fees, permit fees, legal and real estate fees, interest paid for the cost of doing the project, insurance, closing costs, etcLife Cycle Costs (LCC): Synonymous with green building, “cradle to grave” costs that go beyond the initial construction costs to include operation and maintenance of the building after occupancy, demolition costs and reuse value at the end of the building’s life; Life Cycle Costs (LCC) encompasses: Initial costs (design and construction); Operating costs (energy, water, other utilities and personnel); Maintenance, repair and replacement costs; Salvage value at the end of the building’s lifeSustainable Building Technical Manual, Part II, Pre-Design Issues: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/Sustainable-Building-Technical-Manual-Part-II.sflb.ashxI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

53 Reducing potable water for flushing toilets may be permitted to use this type of water:A Water reclaimed from toilets and urinalsB BlackwaterC GraywaterD Well water

Graywater: domestic wastewater composed of wash water from kitchen, bathroom and laundry sinks, tubsand washers; the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) defines graywater as untreated household wastewater that has not come in contact with toilet waste; the International Plumbing Code (IPC) defines graywater as wastewater discharged from lavatories, bathtubs, showers, clothes washers and laundry sinks; some states will allow kitchen sinks to be included with graywater; some communities allow the use of water treated and conveyed by a public agency specifically for nonpotable usesBlackwater: wastewater from toilets and urinals; definitions vary where wastewater from kitchen sinks, showers and bathtubs are considered as blackwater under some jurisdictionsPotable water: water that meets or exceeds EPA’s drinking water quality standards and is approved for human consumption by the state or local authorities having jurisdiction; water from municipal supplies and well water are considered potable waterStormwater: runoff water resulting from precipitation that flows over surfaces and usually to storm sewers or waterwaysThe quality of any alternative source of water used must be taken into consideration based on its application or use; Check with local codes for stormwater or graywater reuseLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222III Water Management (Water Efficiency)

54 CFC refrigerants represent what percentage of use in existing building water chiller systems today?A 75%B 50%C 25%D 10%

Approximately 50% of existing buildings still use CFC-11 as a refrigerant, and many of these remaining chillers are old, inefficient and often leaky; retrofitting them is not cost-effectiveThe Treatment by LEED of the Environmental Impact of HVAC Refrigerants: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/The-Treatment-by-LEED-of-the-Environmental-Impact-of-HVAC-Refrigerants.sflb.ashx

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IV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)

55 For a project to be certified, these minimum requirements must be achieved:(Choose 2)A Earn only a minimum number of credit pointsB Have the LEED AP qualify achievement of all environmental creditsC Comply with all prerequisites and earn a minimum number of credit pointsD Satisfy appropriate prerequisites and earn a minimum number of 50 environmental credit pointsE Comply with the Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs)

A project must comply with all MPRs, prerequisites and earn a minimum number of credit points; at least 40 points must be earned for a building to be LEED Certified at the base level (Certified)LEED project certification levels: Certified 40-49 points; Silver 50-59 points; Gold 60-79 points; Platinum 80+pointsLEED 2009 Minimum Program Requirements: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=2102I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

56 Why would the project team submit a Credit Interpretation Request (CIR)?A To receive approval for questionable credit strategiesB To appeal credits that have been deniedC To receive technical guidance on LEED credit strategiesD To communicate with project teams regarding credit interpretations on other projects

The Credit Interpretation Request (CIR) and ruling process was established for project applicants seeking technical and administrative guidance on how LEED credits apply to their projects and vice versa; CIRs apply to only one prerequisite or credit and are project specific for 2009; CIRs cost $220 per requestThe project team should first reevaluate the prerequisite/credit as a final check that they are at an impasse with regards to understanding their strategy compliance; the second step would be to search the CIR data base to see it a similar CIR had been submitted and ruled upon; the project team then could contact customer service for advice; if none of these paths prove to be successful, the project team should then submit a CIR

Guidelines for CIR Customers: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/Guidelines-for-CIR-Customers.sflb.ashx

I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

57 When an owner purchases RECs, they receive:A Clean natural gas from the local utility companyB Environmental, social and other positive attributes of power generated by renewable resourcesC Electricity from the local utility companyD Carbon credit offsets

Renewable electricity has two components: 1) electricity generated and 2) the environmental attributes associated with renewable electricity; the electricity is distributed via regional grid systemsIt is important to understand that the electricity associated with a Renewable Electricity Certificate (REC) is sold separately and is used by another party; the consumer of a REC receives only a certificate representing the purchase of the environmental attributes of renewable energy. In essence, it is supporting the promotion of renewable energyRECs, also known as Green tags, Renewable Electricity Certificates, or Tradable Renewable Certificates (TRCs), are tradable, non-tangible energy commodities in the United States that represent proof that 1 megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity was generated from an eligible renewable energy resource (renewable electricity); all purchases of green power is based on the quantity of energy consumed and not the costGreen Power is renewable energy generated from off-site resources

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On-site Renewable Energy systems are not classified by LEED as Green Power, but renewable energy that is generated on-site by a variety of sources such as: Photovoltaic systems; Wind energy systems; Solar thermal systems; Bio-fuel base electrical systems; Geothermal heating systems; Geothermal electrical systems; Low-impact hydroelectric power systems, Wave and tidal power systems Energy & Atmosphere category: Green PowerIntent: To encourage the development and use of grid-source, renewable energy technologies on a net zero pollution basisRequirements: Engage in at least a 2 year renewable energy contract to provide at least 35% of the building’s electricity from renewable sources, as defined by the Center for Resource Solutions Green-e Energy product certification requirementsLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222Center of Resource Solutions: http://www.resource-solutions.org/index.phpGuide to Purchasing Green Power: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/Guide-to-Purchasing-Green-Power.sflb.ashxIV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)

58 What is the goal of IPMVP Volume III?A Lighting and ventilation efficiency monitoringB To provide the framework for assessing building performanceC Control and monitoring Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) ControlD Stormwater quantity and quality control management

International Performance Measurement for Verification Protocol (IPMVP), Volume III provides best practice techniques for verifying energy performance in new construction; Option D: Calibrated Simulation and Option B: Energy Conservation Measure Isolation are the only 2 of the 4 available options permitted to be usedEnergy & Atmosphere category: Measurement and VerificationLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222IV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)

59 Sites seeking the Community Connectivity credit must achieve these 2 requirements:(Choose 2)A A site within 1/2 mile of a residential area with an average density of 10 units/acreB A site within 1/4 mile of a bus stopC A site within 1/2 mile of a rapid transit stationD A site within 1/2 mile of 10 basic services

Bus stops and rapid transit stations refer to elements associated with mass transit and apply to Alternative Transportation - Public Transportation AccessSustainable Sites category: Development Density and Community ConnectivityIntent: To channel development to urban areas with existing infrastructure, protect greenfields, and preserve habitat and natural resourcesRequirements: Option 2: Construct or renovate a building on a site that meets the following criteria: 1) is located on a previously developed site; 2) is within 1/2 mile of a residential area or neighborhood with an average density of 10 units per acre net; 3) is within 1/2 mile of at least 10 basic services; 4) has unobstructed pedestrian access between the building and the servicesExamples of basic services include: bank; place of worship; convenience grocery; day care center; cleaners; fire station; beauty salon; hardware; laundry; library; medical or dental office; senior care center; park; pharmacy; post office; restaurant; school; supermarket; theater; community center; fitness center; museumLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222II Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)

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60 The EPA defines, in part, a brownfield site as:A A site that has been previously developed and presently vacatedB A site that contains hazardous substancesC A barren site without vegetationD A site that has been previously developed and presently occupied

EPA: With certain legal exclusions and additions, the term "brownfield site" means real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminantSustainable Sites category: Brownfield RedevelopmentIntent: To rehabilitate damaged sites where development is complicated by environmental contamination and to reduce pressure on undeveloped landRequirements:Option 1: Develop on a site documented as contaminated (by means of an ASTM E1903-97 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment or a local voluntary cleanup program)Option 2: Develop on a site defined as a brownfield by a local, state, or federal government agencyLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222EPA Brownfields definition: http://www.epa.gov/brownfields/overview/glossary.htmII Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)

61 Natural refrigerants are environmentally benign to the atmosphere. Which of the these are au naturel?(Choose 3)A H2OB CO2

C CFCD AmmoniaE HCFCF Halon

Natural refrigerants are environmentally benign to the atmosphere: CO2 (carbon dioxide); H2O (water); NH3 (ammonia); HC (hydrocarbons); AirThe Treatment by LEED of the Environmental Impact of HVAC Refrigerants: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/The-Treatment-by-LEED-of-the-Environmental-Impact-of-HVAC-Refrigerants.sflb.ashxIV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)

62 What is true about a material that was extracted 525 miles from the project site, partially assembled 650 miles from the project site with final assembly 100 miles from the project site?

A The material can contribute towards the recycled content creditB The material does not meet complicance as a regional materialC The material contributes toward regional materialsD The material can contribute part of the product towards regional materials

Regional Materials can be a single material or a product that is made of several materials; for products containing several materials, only the materials that comply with the requirements of the credit can contribute to the credit; to achieve partial compliance, the material must be locally harvestedMaterials & Resources category: Regional MaterialsIntent: To increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the use of indigenous resources and reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation

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Requirements: Building materials or products must have been extracted, harvested or recovered, as well as manufactured, within 500 miles of the project site for a minimum of 10% or 20%, based on cost, of the total materials value; if only a fraction of a product or material is extracted, harvested, or recovered and manufactured locally, then only that percentage (by weight) can contribute to the regional valueLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222V Acquisition, Installation, and Management of Project Materials (Materials & Resources)

63 During the charrette, the project team establishes an integrated design approach toward this major goal:A Ensure the project will come in on budgetB To generate possible design solutions and strategies for a succcesful sustainable projectC Ensure the project will achieve certificationD Ensure the project will come in on budget and on schedule

During the predesign phase, environmental guidelines are established as an important component of green building development to direct the activities of the design team from the predesign stage through all subsequent stages of the projectThe project team, during the predesign phase, should develop a building program that should include: the physical constraints of the project; budget; schedule; general room by room description; the project's environmental vision and goals and it's design criteria and priorities; criteria for energy efficiency, indoor air quality, materials selection, waste and demolition recycling as well as other green requirements; consideration of the local cultural and climatic factors including ease of pedestrian and mass transit accessSustainable Building Technical Manual, Part II, Pre-Design Issues: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/Sustainable-Building-Technical-Manual-Part-II.sflb.ashxI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

64 Energy use intensity is an important factor in determing energy usage and refers to:A The amount of energy consumed per unit floor spaceB The total daily energy useC Energy consumption divided by the site areaD The ratio of maximum daily energy use divided by the total annual energy use

This method adjusts either the amount of energy consumed or expenditures spent, for the effects of various building characteristics, such as size of the building, number of workers, or number of operating hours, to facilitate comparisons of energy across time, fuels, and buildings; Btus = kWh/sf/yrU.S. Energy Information Administration: http://www.eia.doe.gov/IV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)

65 The least affect to the ozone depletion potential is most likely by using this group of refrigerants:A CFC-11 (ChloroFluoroCarbons)B HCFCs (HydroChloroFluoroCarbons)C HFCs (HydroFluoroCarbons)D CFC-500 (ChloroFluoroCarbons)

HFCs, typically, have a negligible impact on the ozone layerThe Treatment by LEED of the Environmental Impact of HVAC Refrigerants: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/The-Treatment-by-LEED-of-the-Environmental-Impact-of-HVAC-Refrigerants.sflb.ashxIV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)

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66 The primary goal for preparing a sustainable building program is to:A Bypass the split submittal processB Assign team members credit responsibilityC Determine if the certification submittal will be done as a split submittal or a combined submittalD Develop the project's environmental goals

A building program develops a clear understanding of the owner's or clients expectations of the building and the function of the entire building as these relate to the project's environmental vision and goalsA building program should include: the physical constraints of the project; budget; schedule; general room by room description; the project's environmental vision and goals and it's design criteria and priorities; criteria for energy efficiency, indoor air quality, materials selection, waste and demolition recycling as well as other green requirements; consideration of the local cultural and climatic factors including ease of pedestrian and mass transit accessSustainable Building Technical Manual, Part II, Pre-Design Issues: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/Sustainable-Building-Technical-Manual-Part-II.sflb.ashxI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

67 What documentation is required for LEED Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance certification?A Documentation that no performance period overlaps with another performance periodB Verification that an addition is no more than 75% of the total building area C Documentation that the building meets the minumum 5 FTE requirementD Performance data for the building and site over time

LEED Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance certification requires performance data for the building and site over the continuous unbroken time during which sustainable operations performance is being measuredAdditions can be no more than 50% of the total building area Performance periods must overlap and terminate within one week of each otherThe minimum FTE requirement is 1LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance Guide, Introduction: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/LEED-for-Operations-and-Maintenance-Reference-Guide-Introduction.sflb.ashxI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

68 The greatest threat to global warming potential is presented by this group of refrigerants:A CFC-11 (ChloroFluoroCarbons)B HCFCs (HydroChloroFluoroCarbons)C HFCs (HydroFluoroCarbons)D CFC-500 (ChloroFluoroCarbons)

HFCs, typically, have a negligible impact on the ozone layer but have a significant GWP valueThe Treatment by LEED of the Environmental Impact of HVAC Refrigerants: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/The-Treatment-by-LEED-of-the-Environmental-Impact-of-HVAC-Refrigerants.sflb.ashxIV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)

69 When selecting refrigerants, what is most important for the project team to take into account? A The availability of the refrigerantB An analysis of trade-offs between global warming and ozone depletionC The cost of the refrigerantD A determination of the refrigerant's overall global warming potential

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An objective analysis of trade-offs between global warming and ozone depletion that comes from a full understanding of all interacting pathways and the effects on economic activities, human health, and terrestrial and oceanic ecosystemsThe Treatment by LEED of the Environmental Impact of HVAC Refrigerants: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/The-Treatment-by-LEED-of-the-Environmental-Impact-of-HVAC-Refrigerants.sflb.ashxIV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)

70 The footprint of a building is defined as:A The area of the building structure onlyB The building structure and hardscapesC The building structure and landscapesD The entire project boundary

Building Footprint: The area of the site occupied by the building structure, not including parks, landscapes and other nonbuilding related facilitiesDevelopment Footprint: The area affected by the development of the project site activity; Hardscapes access roads, parking lots, nonbuilding facilities and the building itself are all included in the development footprintO&M Glossary: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/LEED-for-Operations-and-Maintenance-Reference-Guide-Glossary.sflb.ashxII Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)

71 The government organization responsible for controlling ozone depleting substances in the U.S. is:A DOEB Montreal ProtocolC EPAD USGBC

The U.S. federal agency primarily responsible for the management of air quality and atmospheric protection issues is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; the Clean Air Act amendments passed by Congress require that EPA develop and implement regulations for the responsible management of ozone-depleting substances in the United States; EPA has published a range of regulations for the protection of the ozone layer; because of their relatively high ozone depletion potential, several man-made compounds including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, methyl bromide, and halons were targeted for phase-outEPA Ozone Depletion: http://www.epa.gov/Ozone/intpol/IV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)

72 The intent of the 2009 LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance rating system is:

A To certify the sustainability of ongoing operations of existing commercial and institutional buildings under 50,000 sf

B To certify the sustainability of additions onto existing commercial and institutional buildings

C To certify the sustainability of ongoing operations of existing commercial and institutional buildings

D To certify the sustainability of ongoing operations of existing commercial and institutional buildings over 50,000 sf

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LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance rating system is appropriate for existing whole buildings; typically, these buildings undergo only improvement work, however, it is normal and acceptable for different levels of construction work to be going on in different parts of a building, if the majority of the floor area remains occupied; project teams in this situation should review the 40/60 rule and the Minimum Program Requirements Supplemental Guidance on MPR #5, for Compliance with the minimum occupancy rate and must be in a state of typical physical occupancy, and all building systems must be operating at a capacity necessary to serve the current occupants, for a period that includes all performance periods as well as at least the 12 continuous months immediately preceding the first submission for a review; must serve 1 or more Full Time Equivalent (FTE) occupant(s), calculated as an annual average in order to use LEED in its entirety; if the project serves less than 1 annualized FTE, optional credits from the Indoor Environmental Quality category may not be earned (the prerequisites must still be earned). LEED Rating System Selection Policy: http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=6667I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

73 A building's energy performance is addressed by this standard:A ASHRAE 90.1-2007B ASHRAE 55-2004C ASHRAE 62.1-2007D SCAQMD

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 establishes minimum requirements for the energy efficient design of buildings with regards to the building envelope, HVAC, service water heating, power, lighting, other equipEnergy & Atmosphere and Sustainable Sites categories: Minimum Energy Performance, Optimize Energy Performance, On-Site Renewable Energy and Lighting Power DensitiesLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222ASHRAE: http://www.ashrae.orgI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

74 Sites seeking the Development Density credit must achieve these 2 requirements:(Choose 2)A A previously developed siteB A site within 1/4 mile of a bus stopC A site in a community with a minimum density of 60,000 sf per acre netD A site within 1/2 mile of 10 basic services

Bus stops and rapid transit stations refer to elements associated with mass transit and apply to Alternative Transportation - Public Transportation Access; basic services are a requirement for Community ConnectivitySustainable Sites category: Development Density and Community ConnectivityIntent: To channel development to urban areas with existing infrastructure, protect greenfields, and preserve habitat and natural resourcesRequirements: Option 1: Construct or renovate a building on a previously developed site AND in a community with a minimum density of 60,000 square feet per acre net; The density calculation is based on a typical two-story downtown development and must include the area of the project being builtLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222II Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)

75 Temperature, humidity and air speed are addressed by this standard:A ASHRAE 90.1-2007B ASHRAE 55-2004C ASHRAE 62.1-2007D SCAQMD

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ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy identifies the factors of thermal comfort and the process for developing comfort criteria for a building space and its occupants; indoor space environmental and personal factors that will produce thermal environmental conditions acceptable to 80% of the occupants within a spaceEnvironmental factors include temperature, thermal radiation, humidity and air speed; Personal factors include activity and clothingIndoor Environmental Quality category: Controllability of Systems - Thermal Comfort, Thermal Comfort - Design and VerificationLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222ASHRAE: http://www.ashrae.orgVI Improvements to the Indoor Environment (Indoor Environmental Quality)

76 The primary contributor to climate change is:A Urban RedevelopmentB Greenhouse gasesC Heat island effectD Ozone depletion

For over the past 200 years, the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, and deforestation have caused the concentrations of heat trapping "greenhouse gases" to increase significantly in our atmosphere; these gases prevent heat from escaping to space, somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse; greenhouse gases are necessary to life as we know it, because they keep the planet's surface warmer than it otherwise would be; but, as the concentrations of these gases continue to increase in the atmosphere, the Earth's temperature is climbing above past levels; other aspects of the climate are also changing such as rainfall patterns, snow and ice cover, and sea levelThe intent of Urban Redevelopment is to improve already existing buildings and infrastructuresEPA Climate Change: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/IV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)

77 VOC limits for adhesives, sealants, paints and coatings are addressed by these standards:(Choose 2)A Green-eB Green SealC Floor ScoreD SCAQMD

South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113 Architectural Coatings: VOC limits for paints and coatingsSouth Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1168 VOC limits for adhesives, sealants and sealant primersGreen Seal Standard GC-03 VOC limits for anti-corrosive and anti-rust paintsGreen Seal Standard GS-11 VOC limits for commercial flat and nonflat paintsGreen Seal Standard GC-36 VOC limits for aerosol adhesivesIndoor Environmental Quality category: Low Emitting Materials - Adhesives & Sealants and Paints & CoatingsLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222Green Seal: http://www.greenseal.org/SCAQMD: http://www.aqmd.gov/VI Improvements to the Indoor Environment (Indoor Environmental Quality)

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78 Fire suppression systems are generally associated with these refrigerants:A H2OB MercuryC HalonsD CO2

Under the Clean Air Act (CAA), the U.S. banned the production and import of virgin halons 1211, 1301, and 2402 beginning January 1, 1994 in compliance with the Montreal Protocol On Substances That Deplete The Ozone Layer; recycled halon and inventories produced before January 1, 1994, are now the only sources of supply; halons are chemicals commonly used in fire suppression systems and cause ozone depletionEnergy & Atmosphere category: Enhanced Refrigerant ManagementIntent: To reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montreal Protocol while minimizing direct contributions to climate changeRequirements: Option 2: Do not operate or install fire suppression systems that contain ozone-depleting substances such as CFCs, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) or halonsLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222The Treatment by LEED of the Environmental Impact of HVAC Refrigerants: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/The-Treatment-by-LEED-of-the-Environmental-Impact-of-HVAC-Refrigerants.sflb.ashxEPA Ozone Layer Depletion: http://www.epa.gov/Ozone/basicinfo.htmlIV Project Systems and Energy Impacts (Energy & Atmosphere)

79 Reducing potable water for landscaping irrigation could be achieved by:A Using turf grassB Increasing pervious surfacesC Using drip irrigationD Using non-native landscaping materials

Drip irrigation provides water to the plant's root system as opposed to watering leaves and surrounding ground as with conventional sprinkler systemsWater Efficiency category: Water Efficient LandscapingIntent: To limit or eliminate the use of potable water or other natural surface or subsurface water resources available on or near the project site for landscape irrigationRequirements: Option 1: Reduce by 50%: Reduce potable water consumption for irrigation by 50% from a calculated midsummer baseline case; reductions must be attributed to any combination of the following items: plant species, density and microclimate factor; irrigation efficiency; use of captured rainwater; use of recycled wastewater; use of water treated and conveyed by a public agency specifically for nonpotable usesLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222III Water Management (Water Efficiency)

80 Minimum ventilation rates are addressed by this standard:A ASHRAE 90.1-2007B ASHRAE 55-2004C ASHRAE 62.1-2007D ASHRAE 61.2-2007

ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality specifies minimum ventilation rates; these rates are used to improve indoor air quality as part of the IEQ credit categoryIndoor Environmental Quality category: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring, Increased Ventilation and Controllability of Systems - Thermal Comfort

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LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222ASHRAE: http://www.ashrae.orgVI Improvements to the Indoor Environment (Indoor Environmental Quality)

81 In the Development Density credit, the density radius calculation is used to:A Define properties included in the development density calculationB Define the area where basic services are locatedC Define the project site areaD Measure any bus/rail line locations relative to the entrance of a building

The density radius places an imaginary boundary centered at the project building entrance according to the formula Density Radius (sf) = 3 x square root [site area (acres) x 43,560 (sf/acre)]; the average density is then calculated from the buildings that are inside of, and touch, this imaginary boundary; the sum of these along with the density of the project must be equal to or greater than 60,000 sf/acreSustainable Sites category: Development Density and Community ConnectivityIntent: To channel development to urban areas with existing infrastructure, protect greenfields, and preserve habitat and natural resourcesRequirements: Option 1: Construct or renovate a building on a previously developed site AND in a community with a minimum density of 60,000 square feet per acre net; the density calculation is based on a typical two-story downtown development and must include the area of the project being builtLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222II Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)

82 Indoor Air Quality during construction is addressed by this standard:(Choose 2)A ASHRAE 62.1-2004B ASHRAE 52.2-1999C ASHRAE 62.1-2007D SMACNA

ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999 Method of Testing General Ventilation Air Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size Standard for methods for testing air cleaners for 2 performance characteristics: the device's capacity for removing particles from the air stream and the device's resistance to airflow; MERV air filters Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association (SMACNA) IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings under Construction, 2nd edition, Chapter 3, November 2007 Guidelines for maintaining healthful indoor air quality during demolitions, renovations and constructionIndoor Environmental Quality category: Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan - During ConstructionLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222SMACNA: http://www.smacna.org/ASHRAE: http://www.ashrae.orgVI Improvements to the Indoor Environment (Indoor Environmental Quality)

83 Local zoning ordinances would, typically, not apply to this:A LandscapingB Interior lighting densitiesC Stormwater controlsD Open space requirements

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Zoning laws are found in almost every municipality in the United States, affecting land use, lot size, building heights, density, setbacks, landscaping, exterior lighting and other aspects of property useBuilding codes are laws or standards established and enforced by local government to address areas such as structural integrity, insulation, plumbing, HVAC, electrical, lighting, fire protection, life safety, etc. VIII Project Surroundings and Public Outreach

84 Which of the following are alternative fuel for vehicles?A MethanolB EthanolC ElectricD All of the above

Alternative-fuel vehicles are those vehicles that use fuels such as electricity, hydrogen, propane, compressed natural gas, liquid natural gas, methanol, and ethanol; gas-electric hybrids are also included in this groupLow-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles are those vehicles that are either classified as Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV) by the California Air Resources Board or have achieved a minimum Green Score of 40 on the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) annual vehicle rating guideDiesel fuel is not an alternative source of fuelSustainable Sites category: Alternative Transportation - Low-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient VehiclesIntent: To reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile useRequirements: Option 1: Provide preferred parking for low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles for 5% of the total vehicle parking capacity of the site; providing a discounted parking rate is an acceptable substitute for preferred parking for low-emitting/fuel-efficient vehiclesOption 2: Install alternative-fuel fueling stations for 3% of the total vehicle parking capacity of the site; liquid or gaseous fueling facilities must be separately ventilated or located outdoorsOption 3: Provide low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles for 3% of full-time equivalent (FTE) occupants; provide preferred parking for these vehiclesOption 4: Provide building occupants access to a low-emitting or fuel-efficient vehicle-sharing programLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222zipcar: http://www.zipcar.com/California Air Resources Board: http://www.arb.ca.gov/homepage.htmAmerican Council for an Energy Efficient Economy: http://www.aceee.org/II Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)

85 Many building codes incorporate these standards:(Choose 2)A Green SealB UPCC EPAct 1992D IPC

International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Publication IAPMO/American National Standards Institute UPC 1-2006, Uniform Plumbing Code 2006, Section 402.0, Water Conserving Fixtures and Fittings: UPC defines water conserving fixtures and fittings for water closets, urinals and metered faucetsInternational Code Council, International Plumbing Code 2006, Section 604, Design of Building Water Distribution Systems: IPC defines maximum flow rates and consumption for plumbing fixtures and fittings, including public and private lavatories, showerheads, sink faucets, urinals and water closetsEPAct 1992 is a U.S. act that addresses energy and water use in commercial, institutional and residential facilitiesVIII Project Surroundings and Public Outreach

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86 Providing contact with GBCI, LEED Online and LEED Credit Form access occurs after this process has been completed:

A Joining the USGBC national organizationB Project registrationC Joining a USGBC regional chapterD Project submittal for certification

Registering a project with GBCI provides: 1) point of contact between GBCI and project, 2) access to LEED Online tools, 3) access to LEED Credit Forms and 4) Ensures maximum potential for achieving certificationLEED Online project registration elements: Account login; Project type selector; General project information; Primary contact information; Project owner information; Project details, Payment informationLEED registration and certification process: http://www.gbci.org/main-nav/building-certification/leed-certification.aspxI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

87 Which of the following strategies will not reduce the heat island effect - nonroof?A Planting large non-native trees for shadingB Increase parkingC Using paving materials with SRI value of at least 29D Placing at least 25% of the parking under shade

Increasing the number of parking spaces would increase the amount of pavement surface and, therefore, increase the heat island effect for nonroofsHeat island effect refers to the absorption of heat by dark surfaces, such as buildings and hardscapes, then radiating that heat into nearby areas; generally, heat is absorbed by these surfaces during the daytime then released to the atmosphere during the evening when the ambient temperatures are cooler; LEED defines a heat island as an area whose temperatures are at least 10 degrees higher than those of surrounding suburban or rural areasSustainable Sites category: Heat Island Effect - NonRoofIntent: To reduce heat islands1 to minimize impacts on microclimates and human and wildlife habitatsRequirements: Use any combination of the following strategies for 50% of the site hardscape (including roads, sidewalks, courtyards and parking lots):Option 1: • Provide shade from the existing tree canopy or within 5 years of landscape installation. Landscaping (trees) must be in place at the time of occupancy• Provide shade from structures covered by solar panels that produce energy used to offset some nonrenewable resource use• Provide shade from architectural devices or structures that have a solar reflectance index (SRI) of at least 29• Use hardscape materials with an SRI of at least 29• Use an open-grid pavement system (at least 50% pervious)Option 2: • Place a minimum of 50% of parking spaces under cover; any roof used to shade or cover parking must have an SRI of at least 29, be a vegetated green roof or be covered by solar panels that produce energy used to offset some nonrenewable resource useLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222EPA Heat Island Effect: http://www.epa.gov/hiri/II Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)

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88 Credit Forms must be signed by this member of the project team:A DeclarantB A LEED Accredited ProfessionalC Lead engineerD Project manager

The declarant is the person who must sign a credit form and each credit form can have a different declarant

Each LEED rating system will have its own set of submittal forms that must be completed and submitted for documentation and verification; these credit forms may also be referred to as letter templates, credit templates, submittal templates, or submittals; credit forms are dynamic PDF forms that can be filled out and saved on a computer, then uploaded directly back to LEED Online; each credit form will list the requirements for credit achievement as well as any documentation required for submittal, space for mandatory and/or optional narratives and must be signed by the declarant; for credits that require calculations, calculators are built into the forms to indicate if the credit requirements have been met

Prerequisite/credit responsibility is assigned by the project administrator; the team member (Declarant) that has been assigned responsibility for the prerequisite/credit by the administrator will fill out the credit form and upload it to LEED Online when the required documentation has been prepared; once all of the credit forms are uploaded for those prerequisites/credits being attempted, the project administrator will submit the project for review either by a split or combined application submittal process; the split process allows certain prerequisites/credits to be submitted during the Design Application Submittal phase and all remaining prerequisites/credits will be submitted during the Construction Application Submittal phase; with the Combined Application Submittal process, all prerequisites/credits will be submitted at the same time, usually at, or after, completion of the project

LEED registration and certification process: http://www.gbci.org/main-nav/building-certification/leed-certification.aspxLEED v2.2 Credit Templates: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1447I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

89 A building that has earned LEED NC certification could qualify for this rating system:A LEED Building Design & Construction (New Construction)B LEED Core & ShellC LEED Interior Design & Construction (Commercial Interiors)D LEED for HomesE LEED Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance

Buildings certified under the NC, CS or Schools may also be certified under EB O&MBuildings certified under CS may also be certified under CILEED Neighborhood Development may earn additional points for construction or retrofit of certified buildings which are part of the developmentLEED Rating Systems: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

90 A preconsumer recycled material:A KleenexB Waste straw from a wheat farmC Broken thingsD Worn out clothing

Recycled Content materials are classified as preconsumer and postconsumer content

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Preconsumer content would include materials that can no longer be used for their original purpose; process waste that an industry has sold or traded to another through the marketplace; a composite board manufacturer may obtain sawdust from a lumber mill or a landscaper buying wood chips from a lumber mill; these materials never made it to the marketplace as originally intended; cotton insulation is created from scraps from other manufacturing processes before the scraps reach consumers; flyash and magazine overruns are considered as preconsumer content materials alsoPostconsumer content are materials that have been manufactured and sold, but no longer of value to the consumer; remodeling a kitchen and setting the old cabinets along side the curb; aluminum, paper, plastic and glass are also postconsumer content; recycled content products generally contain a percentageof both preconsumer and postconsumer content materialsManufacturing scrap that is reclaimed and used to manufacture the same item does not count as preconsumer content or postconsumer contentMaterials & Resources category: Recycled ContentIntent: To increase demand for building products that incorporate recycled content materials, thereby reducing impacts resulting from extraction and processing of virgin materialsRequirements: Use materials with recycled content such that the sum of postconsumer recycled content plus 1/2 of the preconsumer content constitutes at least 10% or 20%, based on cost, of the total value of the materials in the project; the recycled content value of a material assembly is determined by weight; the recycled fraction of the assembly is then multiplied by the cost of assembly to determine the recycled content valueLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222V Acquisition, Installation, and Management of Project Materials (Materials & Resources)

91 This location would be more appropriate to consider for a new technology data center:A Land that is 80 feet from a wetland as defined by the U.S. Code of Regulations CFRB Land with plants listed on a federal or state threatened species listC Developed site located 30 feet from a fishing streamD 10 acres of a 100 acre farm defined by the USDA as prime farmlandE Undeveloped land that is 40 feet from a streamF Undeveloped land whose elevation is 1 foot above the 100-year flood as defined by FEMA

Although this site is within the 50 foot setback from a water body, it was previously developed and, therefore, allowed to earn the creditSustainable Site category: Site SelectionIntent: To avoid the development of inappropriate sites and reduce the environmental impact from the location of a building on a sitePrerequisites: Do not develop buildings, hardscape, roads or parking areas on portions of sites that meet any of the following criteria: • Prime farmland as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in the United States Code of Federal Regulations• Previously undeveloped land whose elevation is lower than 5 feet above the elevation of the 100-year flood as defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)• Land specifically identified as habitat for any species on federal or state threatened or endangered lists• Land within 100 feet of any wetlands as defined by the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR and isolated wetlands or areas of special concern identified by state or local rule, OR within setback distances from wetlands prescribed in state or local regulations, as defined by local or state rule or law, whichever is more stringent• Previously undeveloped land that is within 50 feet of a water body, defined as seas, lakes, rivers, streams and tributaries that support or could support fish, recreation or industrial use, consistent with the terminology of the Clean Water Act

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• Land that prior to acquisition for the project was public parkland, unless land of equal or greater value as parkland is accepted in trade by the public landowner (park authority projects are exempt)LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222II Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)

92 On a 1:12 sloped roof, these strategies could be used for compliance with Heat Island Effect - Roof:(Choose 2)A vegetated roofB roof surface with SRI 18 or greaterC Metal roof with low SRI valueD roof surface of SRI 78 or greater

Both the vegetated roofs and roofs with high SRI value surfaces are acceptable for the low sloped roof in addition to a combination of high SRI and vegetated roofsSustainable Sites category: Heat Island Effect - RoofIntent: To reduce heat islands1 to minimize impacts on microclimates and human and wildlife habitatsRequirements:Option 1: • Use roofing materials with a solar reflectance index (SRI) equal to or greater than 29 for a steep sloped roof and 78 for a low sloped roof for a minimum of 75% of the roof surface; roofing materials having a lower SRI value than those listed below may be used if the weighted rooftop SRI average meets the following criteria:Area Roof Meeting Minimum SRI / Total Roof Area X SRI of Installed Roof / Required SRI is equal to or greater than 75%Option 2: • Install a vegetated roof that covers at least 50% of the roof areaOption 3: • Install high-albedo and vegetated roof surfaces that, in combination, meets the the following criteria:Area Roof Meeting Minimum SRI / 0.75 + Area of Vegetated Roof / 0.5 is equal to or greater than the total roof areaEmissivity is the ability of a material to emit heat by radiation, solar reflectance (albedo) is the measure of a material’s ability to reflect sunlight and Solar Reflectance Ratio (SRI) is the measure of a material’s ability to reject solar heat. The ideal relationship is lower emissivity and higher albedo and SRI. Pavement and roofing materials that exhibit these qualities are often referred to as cool pavements and cool roofsLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222EPA Heat Island Effect: http://www.epa.gov/hiri/II Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)

93 In order to qualify as Low Emission or Fuel Efficient Vehicles, this requirement must be met:A Green Seal score of 30 or moreB Green-e score of 25 or moreC Green Label score of 40 or moreD Green Score of 40 or more

Green Seal refers to standards establishing VOC limits for Low-Emitting Materials (paints, coatings, sealants)Green Label refers to standards establishing VOC limits for Low-Emitting Materials (carpets, carpet cushions)Green-e establishes standards and guidelines for Renewable energy (Center for Resource Solutions)Low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles are those vehicles that are either classified as Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV) by the California Air Resources Board or have achieved a minimum Green Score of 40 on the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) annual vehicle rating guide

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Sustainable Sites category: Alternative Transportation - Low-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient VehiclesLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy: http://www.aceee.org/II Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)

94Promoting durability and high performance of the building enclosure and its components and systems through design, materials selection and construction practices is a hallmark of this LEED for Homes process:

A Integrated designB CharretteC Durability planning and managementD Triple Bottom Line

Durability is essential to LEED for Homes and is placed at the forefront of the rating system; durability is practiced, to some degree, in all LEED projects by considering the life cycle benefits of materials and building/material reuseInnovation & Design category: Durability Management ProcessIntent: Promote durability and high performance of the building enclosure and its components and systems through appropriate design, materials selection and construction practicesPrerequisites:Durability Planning: 1) identify all moderate and high risk durability issues for the building enclosure; 2) develop specific measures to respond to those issues; 3) identify and incorporate all the applicable indoor moisture control measures; 4) incorporate the measures from 1 and 2 into the project documents; 5) list all the liability measures and indicate their locations in the project documents in a durability inspection checklistDurability Management: During construction, the builder shall have a quality management process in place to ensure installation of the durability measuresLEED for Homes Rating System: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=147

95 In the Materials & Resources - Rapidly Renewable Materials credit, these items would qualify:(Choose 2)A Sunflower seed board panelsB Any material with a harvest rate of 15 years or lessC Cork flooringD Brick

Examples of rapidly renewable materials: bamboo flooring; plywood; cotton batt insulation; sunflower seed board panels; wheatboard cabinetry; wool carpeting; cork flooring; bio-based paints; geotextile fabrics; soy-based insulation; straw balesMaterials & Resources category: Rapidly Renewable MaterialsIntent: To reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials and long-cycle renewable materials by replacing them with rapidly renewable materialsPrerequisites: Use rapidly renewable building materials and products for 2.5% of the total value of all building materials and products used in the project, based on cost. Rapidly renewable building materials and products are made from plants that are typically harvested within a 10-year or shorter cycleLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222V Acquisition, Installation, and Management of Project Materials (Materials & Resources)

96 The person responsible for field verification and testing on a LEED for Homes project:A LEED for Homes ProviderB LEED APC GBCID Green Rater

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A Green Rater is an individual who works as part of the LEED for Homes Provider team to perform field inspections and performance testing; Green Raters may work closely with the individual project teams to assist the design and construction professionals in meeting their sustainability goalsLEED for Homes Providers are local and regional organizations chosen by USGBC to provide certification services to LEED for Homes projects in their local or regional marketsLEED for Homes Rating System: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=147I Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

97 The ultimate goal of a Construction Waste Management Plan should be to:A Incinerate on-site construction waste so it isn't taken to landfillsB Divert waste from landfills or incinerators by recyling back into the manufacturing processC Provide proper facilities for waste collectionD Verify that as much waste as possible is taken to landfill nearest the project site

The goal of the Construction Waste Management Plan is to divert construction, demolition, packaging and land clearing debris from disposal in landfills or incinerators by redirecting recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process and redirect reusable materials to appropriate sites. The plan should also include procedures for proper disposal of PCBs and other contaminants and a asbestos containing materials (ACM) management planMaterials & Resources category: Construction Waste ManagementIntent: To divert construction and demolition debris from disposal in landfills and incineration facilities; redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process and reusable materials to appropriate sitesPrerequisites: Recycle and/or salvage nonhazardous construction and demolition debris; develop and implement a construction waste management plan that, at a minimum, identifies the materials to be diverted from disposal and whether the materials will be sorted on-site or comingled; excavated soil and land-clearing debris do not contribute to this credit; calculations can be done by weight or volume, but must be consistent throughoutLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222V Acquisition, Installation, and Management of Project Materials (Materials & Resources)

98One of the most important environmental issues addressed by LEED is reducing greenhouse gas and 2009 LEED Green Building Rating Systems put a great deal of emphasis on reducing transportation needs. What are common strategies that can be implemented by the project team to earn these credits?

(Choose 3)A Provide no more than 3% parking over minimum local zoning requirementsB Place 50% of the required parking undercoverC Provide bicycle storage for 5% of the building usersD Size parking capacity to not exceed local zoning requirementsE Provide LEV vehicles for 5% of the total parking capacityF Reserve parking spaces for occupants to encourage bicycle use

Although this site is within the 50 foot setback from a water body, it was previously developed and, therefore, allowed to earn the creditSustainable Sites category: Alternative Transportation - Bicycle Storage and Changing RoomsIntent: To reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile usePrerequisites: Provide secure bicycle racks and/or storage within 200 yards of a building entrance for 5% or more of all building users (measured at peak periods); provide shower and changing facilities in the building, or within 200 yards of a building entrance, for 0.5% of fulltime equivalent (FTE) occupantsSustainable Sites category: Alternative Transportation - Parking CapacityIntent: To reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use

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Prerequisites: Size parking capacity to meet but not exceed minimum local zoning requirements; provide preferred parking for carpools or vanpools for 5% of the total parking spaces• Provide infrastructure and support programs to facilitate shared vehicle use such as carpool drop-off areas, designated parking for vanpools, car-share services, ride boards and shuttle services to mass transitSustainable Sites category: Alternative Transportation - Low-Emitting & Fuel Efficient VehiclesIntent: To reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile usePrerequisites: Option 1: Provide preferred parking for low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles for 5% of the total vehicle parking capacity of the site; providing a discounted parking rate is an acceptable substitute for preferred parking for low-emitting/ fuel-efficient vehiclesOption 2: Install alternative-fuel fueling stations for 3% of the total vehicle parking capacity of the site; liquid or gaseous fueling facilities must be separately ventilated or located outdoorsOption 3: Provide low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles for 3% of full-time equivalent (FTE) occupants; provide preferred parking for these vehiclesOption 4: Provide building occupants access to a low-emitting or fuel-efficient vehicle-sharing program; the following requirements must be met: One low-emitting or fuel-efficient vehicle must be provided per 3% of FTE occupants• For the purposes of this credit, low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles are defined as vehicles that are either classified as Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV) by the California Air Resources Board or have achieved a minimum green score of 40 on the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) annual vehicle rating guideLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222II Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)

99 To eliminate the use of refrigerants for HVAC systems in new projects, this strategy would be appropriate:A Design a natural (passive) ventilation systemB Use only halons for coolingC Design the building to be cooled with natural refrigerantsD Incorporate a mixed mode mechanical & natural system design

Design and operate the facility without mechanical cooling and refrigeration equipment; where mechanical cooling is used, utilize base building HVAC&R systems for the refrigeration cycle that minimize direct impact on ozone depletion and global climate change; select HVAC&R equipment with reduced refrigerant charge and increased equipment life; maintain equipment to prevent leakage of refrigerant to the atmosphere; use fire suppression systems that do not contain HCFCs or halonsIndoor Environmental Quality category: Enhanced Refrigerant ManagementIntent: To reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montreal Protocol while minimizing direct contributions to climate changePrerequisites: Option 1: Do not use refrigerantsLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222The Treatment by LEED of the Environmental Impact of HVAC Refrigerants: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/The-Treatment-by-LEED-of-the-Environmental-Impact-of-HVAC-Refrigerants.sflb.ashxVI Improvements to the Indoor Environment (Indoor Environmental Quality)

100 Which of the following statements define Life Cycle Cost and Life Cycle Assessment?(Choose 2)A Life Cycle Cost concentrates on economicsB Life Cycle Assessment concentrates on the environment and peopleC Life Cycle Cost concentrates on the environment, people and economicsD Life Cycle Assessment concentrates economics

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Life Cycle Cost = LCC = EconomicsLife Cycle Assessment = LCA = Environment and PeopleLife Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis is a method for assessing the total cost of ownership. It takes into account all costs of acquiring, owning and operating, and the eventual disposal of a building. Sustainable design requires an analysis of a building over its entire life and life cycle cost analysis identifies which high performance building systems will save money over the life of the building. For example: Product A may cost less and have a life expectancy of 5 years whereas Product B may cost a little more but have a life expectancy of 15 years, making Product B a better choice due to it having a better life cycle cost. All of the building expenses that can be calculated are included in the analysis:Initial costs (design and construction)Operating costs (energy, water, other utilities and personnel)Maintenance, repair and replacement costsSalvage value at the end of the building’s lifeLife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an informed choice of building materials and systems that minimizes the negative impacts of the building and land use on people and the environment. The process begins as early as planning and design, analyzes construction activities and then goes beyond convention by including building operations and the eventual retirement and renewal of materials. In essence, a life cycle assessment considers the building along with its materials and components, from their extraction, manufacture and transport, to their use, reuse, recycling and disposal. A cradle-to-grave analysis. Sustainable Building Technical Manual, Part II, Pre-Design Issues: http://www.gbci.org/Libraries/Credential_Exam_References/Sustainable-Building-Technical-Manual-Part-II.sflb.ashxI Synergistic Opportunities and LEED Application Process

101 According to LEED, the site's open space requirements are defined by:A The local building departmentB The project's civil engineerC The local zoning authorityD A consultant hired by the owner to negotiate permitting with the local authorities having jurisdiction

As with all LEED credits local, state and federal authorities will govern the minimum standards for the design and construction of a project unless the LEED referenced standards and methodologies can be proven more stringent; typically maximum density, setbacks, landscaping, stormwater management as well as other issues will be mandated by local zoning ordinancesSustainable Sites category: Site Development - Maximize Open SpaceIntent: To promote biodiversity by providing a high ratio of open space to development footprintPrerequisites: Case 1: Sites with Local Zoning Open Space RequirementsReduce the development footprint1 and/or provide vegetated open space within the project boundary such that the amount of open space exceeds local zoning requirements by 25%Case 2: Sites with No Local Zoning RequirementsProvide a vegetated open space area adjacent to the building that is equal in area to the building footprintCase 3: Sites with Zoning Ordinances but No Open Space RequirementsProvide vegetated open space equal to 20% of the project site areaLEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (link to all 2009 LEED rating systems): http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222II Project Site Factors (Sustainable Sites)

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