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Covenants results brochure Long-Term Agreements on energy efficiency in the Netherlands Results of 2010 LTA1 LEE LTA2 LTA3 1992 1998 2008 2009
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Covenants results brochureLong-Term Agreements on energy efficiency in the Netherlands
Results of 2010
LTA1
LEE
LTA2 LTA31992 1998 2008
2009
4
Re
sults LTA
3
Began in 1992 as the first covenant on Long-Term Agreements on Energy Efficiency (LTA),
at the initiative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Under this covenant, the Government
reached a voluntary, though binding, agreement about energy efficiency with the industry and
institutions. Objective: reducing the quantity of required energy per unit of product or service by
improving energy efficiency by 2 per cent annually. In LTA1, the focus was on process efficiency.
After LTA1 came to an end in 1998, the parties continued the covenant through LTA2.
The large industrial enterprises adopted the Benchmarking Covenant at that time. Apart from
Economic Affairs, the ministries of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, Agriculture,
Nature and Food Quality and Transport, Public Works and Water Management were also
involved with LTA2. LTA2 was planned to last until 2012. In LTA2, the focus was still on process
efficiency, but was broadened to include sustainable energy and chain efficiency, amongst
others.
In view of the success of LTA as an instrument, in 2008, the choice was made to
intensify, extend and broaden LTA2: LTA3. Amongst others, the intensification means that
businesses exert efforts to attain an improvement in energy efficiency of 30 per cent in the
period 2005–2020. Roadmaps have been introduced as well. There is also more focus on chain
efficiency and cooperation across sectors.
The LEE covenant was signed in 2009 and is based on LTA3. LEE is a sequel to the
Benchmarking Covenant. It is intended for large industrial companies that are obliged to
participate in the Emissions Trading System of the European Union (ETS). The LEE participants
come wholly or partly under the ETS.
LTA1
LEE
LTA2 LTA31992 1998 2008
2009
Covenants results brochureLong-Term Agreements on energy efficiency in the Netherlands
Results of 2010
4
Contents
New ministries
When the Rutte government came to power in 2010, the decision was made to
merge several ministries. This was put into effect by Royal Decree in October of
2010.
The ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality and the Ministry of Economic
Affairs have been subsumed into the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and
Innovation.
The ministry of Living, Working and Integration merged with the ministry of the
Interior and Kingdom Relations.
LTA1
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LTA2 LTA31992 1998 2008
2009
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1 The covenants LEE and LTA3 together 6
2 Joint results LEE and LTA3 8
3 Monitoring on the basis of measures 10 Monitoring the pillars 11
4 Results LEE 12
Participation LEE 13
EEP ambition of LEE companies 2010-2012 13
LEE results 2010 13
Contribution of LEE to national
energy efficiency improvement 14
Total energy performance LEE 14
Overview of results per sector and pillar 14
LEE results per pillar 14
Statement on the development
of energy consumption 16
5 Results LTA3 18
LTA3 participation 19
EEP ambition of LTA3 companies
for the period 2009-2012 19
LTA3 results 2010 19
Contribution of LTA3 to national
energy efficiency improvement 20
Total energy performance LTA3 22
Overview of results per sector and pillar 22
LTA3 results per pillar 22
Statement on the development
of energy consumption 28
Progress on the energy management front 30
6 Preliminary studies and roadmaps 32
7 Cooperation with EIA 36
8 LEE sectors results 40
Breweries 41
Chemical industry 41
Glass industry 42
Metallurgical industry 42
Other Industry 43
Paper and cardboard industry 43
Refineries 44
Paper and cardboard sector reinvents itself 46
9 LTA3 industrial sectors results 48
Waste Water Treatment (District Water Boards) 49
Asphalt industry 49
Chemical industry 50
Fine ceramics industry 50
Foundries 51
Coarse ceramics industry 51
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) 52
Sand limestone and cellular concrete industry 52
Refrigeration and cold storage industry 53
Metallurgical industry 53
Roadmap highly required for remaining competitive 54
Oil and Gas production industry 56
Surface treatment industry 56
Other Industry 57
Rubber and Plastics Industry 57
Energy management at DAF Trucks 58
Tank storage companies 60
Carpet industry 60
Textile industry 61
Textile service companies 61
Saving thanks to smart sensors 62
10 LTA3 Food and Beverage industry results 64
Potato processing industry 65
Cocoa processing industry 65
Soft Drinks, Waters and Juices 66
Vegetable and fruit processing industry 66
Coffee roasting industry 67
Margarine, Fats and Oils industry 67
Efficient mode of operation of competent
authorities improves services 68
Flour manufacturers 70
Meat processing industry 70
Dairy industry 71
Anticipating the bio-based economy 72
11 LTA3 Sevice sector results 74
Financial services industry 75
Higher Professional Education 75
Cooperation and energy saving on and around the railways 76
University Medical Centers 78
Universities 78
Universities making the campus
and the community sustainable 80
12 Appendix: Results 2009 LEE and analysis LEE EEPs 82
List of definitions 86
Colophon 90
Co
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1The covenants LEE and LTA3 together
LTA1
LEE
LTA2 LTA31992 1998 2008
2009
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Th
e co
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an
d LTA
3 tog
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Foreword
At hand is the brochure with the results of the Long-Term
Energy efficient ETS companies (LEE) and the Long-Term
Agreements on Energy Efficiency (LTA3) for the year 2010.
This document is first of all intended for members of
the Dutch House of Representatives (lower house of
parliament), participating companies and everyone
involved or interested in energy efficiency.
In the pursuit of a sustainable energy supply, energy savings
play a very important role. After all, energy that is not
consumed does not have to be generated in the first place.
The Long-Term Agreements LEE and LTA3 are important
instruments in this regard, designed to stimulate energy
saving in the Dutch industry.
LTA3, the covenant signed in 2008, represents the continua-
tion of the LTA2 covenant. The LEE covenant, signed in 2009
and based on the LTA3 model, is a sequel to the
Benchmarking Covenant. LEE is geared towards companies
whose participation in ETS, the Emissions Trading Scheme
of the European Union, is mandatory. The companies that
participate in LEE come wholly or partially under this CO2
emissions trading. Firstly, ETS companies comply with a CO2
reduction obligation, which means they are making an
important contribution to the implementation of the EU
Energy and Climate package. For the LEE participants, this is
the first year during which the covenant has been
monitored.
The government and Dutch industry have laid down the
objectives of and agreements about energy saving. Both
covenants will run until 2020. The monitoring methodology
is identical for both covenants and connects with national
and European directives.
Layout of brochure
This results brochure has 12 chapters. The first two
following chapters contain the joint results of the
covenants and the monitoring methodology, after which
chapters 4 and 5 deal with the individual covenants.
Chapters 8 to 11 contain the results for 2010 per sector.
They also feature a number of interviews that provide a
glimpse behind the scenes. Finally, an explanatory listing of
definitions is given at the back.
Energy that is not consumed
does not have to be generated
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2Joint results LEE and LTA3
LTA1
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Join
t resu
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The joint results for both covenants are given in Table 1.
2010 is the first year of monitoring for the LEE covenant.
Because of that and because of the differences between the
two covenants, only the results that can be compared are
shown in Table 1. Sustainable energy is not included here,
because it is only relevant to the LTA3 covenant.
In 2010, the entire consumption of primary energy of LEE
and LTA3 is 845 PJ, of which 626 PJ has been consumed by
the LEE companies and 219 PJ by the LTA3 companies.
This is approximately 80 per cent of the total industrial
energy consumption in the Netherlands and a quarter of
the total energy consumption in the Netherlands.
Compared to 2009, the energy consumption of LEE and
LTA3 together increased in 2010 by 99 PJ. In the case of LEE,
this is mainly due to an increase in production in almost all
sectors. For LTA3, that increase may also be attributed to an
increase in production, and to the accession of some new
sectors and companies as well.
In 2010, the LTA3 and LEE companies jointly attained an
improvement in energy efficiency of 1.4 per cent. The result
consists of savings resulting from measures in the produc-
tion process and from measures in the production chain
within the Netherlands.
The saving in the production process (process efficiency) is
10.9 PJ for LEE and LTA3 together, which equals almost 1.3
per cent of the total energy consumption in 2010.
Chain projects also contribute to the result. Until now, little
experience has been gained with monitoring the chain
projects for the LEE sectors. Because of its complexity, many
LEE companies appear to find it difficult to identify and
quantify chain projects at the early stage. But many LEE
companies do latch on to opportunities in the chain and
translate those into concrete activities for realising
improvements in energy efficiency. More chain projects are
carried out by LTA3 companies, but the total saving by
projects in the production chain has risen only little in 2010.
With measures in the production chain, LEE and LTA3
together also realise almost 0.2 per cent of improvement in
energy efficiency.
Table 1. Joint results LEE and TJA3 in 2010
Energy consumption 2010 Improvement in energy efficiency*
PJ %
LEE 626 1.1
LTA3 219 2.3
Joint result 845 1.4
*Savings resulting from measures in the production process and production chain within the Netherlands
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3Monitoring on the basis of measures
LTA1
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Mo
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on
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s
In the LEE covenant, the contribution of measures to
improve energy efficiency rests on two pillars: produc-
tion process and chains. In the LTA3 covenant, the
contribution rests on three pillars: production process,
chains and sustainable energy. In all pillars, the objective
of the covenants is saving on using conventional sources
of energy. Still, there are differences in the efforts that
companies on the pillars expect of each other. In relation
to the production process, the principle involves energy
efficiency improvements; for chains it concerns energy
savings within the chain, from raw materials to product
disposal, and in case of sustainable energy it pertains to
the greening of the energy supply. The monitoring
methodology portrays the results for the three pillars.
Monitoring the pillars
The objective of the methodology is to identify the effort of
companies per pillar and in this way track to what extent
companies meet the agreements contained in the
covenants.
Monitoring the production process
In terms of the production process, the companies are
asked to identify each year the new energy saving measures
and the extent of the savings consequently realised. The
volume of the savings associated with these measures
makes a one-on-one contribution to the change in the
company’s energy consumption and therefore forms the
basis for calculating the energy efficiency improvements
in the production process.
Chain monitoring
Chain projects lead to energy savings in all segments of the
chain: production stage (production chain) and user stage
(product chain), within or outside the Netherlands. Projects
that are, for example, focused on saving materials,
optimising product disposal and recycling, or optimising
product distribution are counted as part of the production
chain. Projects focused on reducing energy consumption
during utilisation of the product and the optimisation of
functionality or useful economic life are counted as part of
the product chain. The idea underlying the distinction
between the production chain and the product chain is that
improvements in the production chain lie within the
company’s direct sphere of influence. Consequently, it is
realistic to attribute the realised savings directly to the
company itself. In the product chain, producer, consumer,
sales chain and legislator collectively have a role in the
realisation of energy savings on the basis of products that
are more energy efficient at the user stage.
Because the size of the savings of a chain project can vary
from year to year, the companies are asked each year during
the monitoring process about the size of the savings related
to existing as well as new chain projects. For LTA3, they were
asked for the first time in 2010 about the size of energy
savings, within or outside the Netherlands. Therefore, it is
not possible to make a comparison of the difference within
or outside the Netherlands for 2010 vs. 2009.
Monitoring sustainable energy
Each year, LTA3 companies report the quantity of sustaina-
ble energy generated by themselves or that they procured.
The reporting only contains the measures where the
company exerts extra effort. This is because the procure-
ment of sustainable energy is not a fixed component that is
supported within the frameworks of the covenants.
Companies usually take that decision for their own
operational reasons. The use of sustainable energy is part of
the LTA3 agreements and is therefore presented separately.
The monitoring methodology
portrays the results per pillar.
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4Results LEE
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Participation LEE
Table 2 shows which sectors have acceded to the LEE
covenant in 2010. For each sector, an Energy Discussion
Group (EDG) has been set up, where the progress of the
covenant is discussed.
All LEE companies have submitted the details of their
monitoring.
Energy consumption of the participating LEE companies is
about 10 per cent less than that of the former Benchmarking
Covenant (over 700 PJ). The reason is that some companies
(including 17 chemical companies) made the transition
from the former Benchmarking Covenant to the LTA3
covenant, because they are not subject to ETS. Energy
consumption of the participating companies has risen in
2010 compared to 2009 (circa 8 per cent.), mainly as a result
of increased production. This is particularly evident in the
Chemical and Metallurgical industry sectors.
EEP ambition of LEE companies 2010-2012
All 117 participating companies drew up an Energy Efficiency
Plan (EEP) in 2010. The plan, which is drawn up every four
years, describes the energy saving measures that are to be
taken from 2010 to 2012, an assessment of the expected
energy saving and the appurtenant time line. On the basis
of the individual plans, Agency NL has aggregated the
expected joint improvement in energy efficiency or the
ambition of the LEE companies (see also ‘Results 2009 LEE
and analysis of LEE EEPs, page 100).
In 2009, the total energy consumption of the 117 companies
was 599 PJ, according to EEP expectations. In the EEPs,
certain measures are described that lead to an improvement
in energy efficiency of 4.2 per cent in the period 2010 – 2012,
compared to 2009. Additionally, conditional measures are
described that can lead at most to an improvement in
energy efficiency of 4.0 per cent in the period 2010 – 2012,
compared to 2009. For the period of 3 years, the total saving
ambition within the Netherlands is therefore 8.2 per cent.
LEE results 2010
The LEE companies are implementing measures to improve
energy efficiency. These measures are divided into process
efficiency (PE) and chain efficiency (CE). 2010 is the first year
for which the results in the context of the LEE covenant
were monitored. This results brochure therefore only shows
the results for 2010. Table 3 provides an overview of the
results.
Table 2. Participants in LEE covenant
Sector Number of companies Energy consumption in PJ
Breweries 5 3
Chemical industry 60 341
Glass industry 9 12
Metallurgical industry 6 75
Paper and cardboard industry 19 24
Refineries 5 151
Other Industry* 13 19
Total 117 626
*The LEE sector ‘Other Industry’ consists of companies from the Cement, Rock wool, Starch, Sugar, Luxury Foods and Textiles sectors
Table 3. Results LEE 2010
Results in 2010
PJ %
Improvement in efficiency Process efficiency 5.9 0.9%
Production chain efficiency
-domestic
-abroad
3.0
1.2
1.8
0.2%
Product chain efficiency
-domestic
-abroad
1.2
0.2
1.0
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LEE contribution to national energy efficiency improvement
Only the changes in energy efficiency in the production
process and in the production chain that have been
achieved in the Netherlands are counted towards the
national contribution to the improvement of energy
efficiency. In 2010 this included:
In 2010, 5.9 PJ worth of new process measures were
implemented in the production process. This corres-
ponds to a 0.9 per cent improvement in energy efficiency.
PJ worth of new measures were implemented in the
production chain in the Netherlands. This corresponds to
a 0.2 per cent savings in the production chain.
Total energy performance LEE
The total energy performance of LEE participants is the sum
of the results of all measures that have been taken in the
production process, in the production chain and in the
product chain. Therefore, the total energy output in 2010 is
5.9 PJ + 3.0 PJ + 1.2 PJ = 10.1 PJ.
Overview of results per sector and pillar
The 7 LEE sectors that participated in the 2010 monitoring
cycle are shown in Table 4. That table illustrates the energy
consumption by sector in 2010 and the effect of new
measures in 2010 in the fields of process efficiency (PE) and
chain efficiency (CE).
LEE results per pillar
Process efficiency LEE
In 2010, the LEE companies have realised a saving of 5.9 PJ
or 0.9 per cent. The large LEE sectors and Chemical industry
and Refineries achieve 0.7 and 0.5 per cent savings
respectively. On the basis of the stated EEP ambitions, it is
expected that the saving rate in the plan period (2010 –
2012) will increase. The Chemical industry sector notes that
in 2010, because of the recovery of the economy, priority
was given to production, causing the implementation of
measures to be delayed. This is expected to be repaid over
the coming years.
In Figure 1, the measures that have been implemented in
2010 in the category process efficiency are shown by
subcategories: This shows that more than 90 per cent of the
savings come from process measures and measures in
utilities and buildings. If we compare this distribution with
that of the LTA3 companies, we observe that there are major
similarities, except that the LEE companies have not yet
reported on ‘strategic projects’.
Chain efficiency LEE
In 2010, the LEE sectors have monitored chain efficiency for
the first time within the framework of LEE. Many LEE
companies show great interest in chain optimisation and
are actively elaborating the opportunities.
In the Paper and Cardboard industry and in the Other
Industry sector, several companies have already achieved
tangible results.
Figure 2 illustrates how the measures in the chain are
distributed over subcategories. Most savings are achieved
through savings on materials and more efficient disposal
and reprocessing of (waste) products.
The Paper industry (2 PJ) and the Metallurgical industry
(1 PJ) are booking successes here in particular. The largest
contribution is made by using recycled raw materials and
lighter products.
Table 4. Primary energy consumption and results by sector in 2010 (per sector, in TJ)
Sector Primary energy
consumption in
2010
Process
efficiency
Production chain
efficiency (TJ)
Product chain
efficiency (TJ)
Breweries 3.4 0.1 0.0 -
Chemical industry 341.5 2.3 0.1 0.0
Glass industry 12.4 0.1 - -
Metallurgical industry 75.5 1.7 0.0 1.0
Paper and cardboard industry 24.1 0.6 2.0 0.2
Refineries 150.7 0.7 - -
Other Industry 18.8 0.3 0.8 -
Total 626.4 5.9 3.0 1.2
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Figure 2. Allocation of chain efficiency measures to subcategory (in %)
Reduction in energy consumption during use of
product (16%)
Savings on materials (41%)
Optimisation of useful economic life (3%)
Product disposal and
recycling (33%)
Distribution (3%)
Cooperation on location (4%)
Figure 1: Allocation of process efficiency measures to subcategory
Utilities and buildings (21%)
Process measures (71%)
Energy management (8%)
Strategic projects (0%)
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Statement on the development of energy consumption
An analysis of the figures has been made to allow a
qualitative assessment. That analysis gives insight into the
difference in energy consumption during observed year and
the previous year. Although 2010 is the first year of
monitoring for LEE, the LEE companies have also submitted
details of total energy consumption in 2009.
A number of factors explain the difference between the
energy consumption last year and this year (an increase of
55 PJ). They cause an increase or decrease compared to
energy consumption in 2009. Those factors are elucidated
below.
Applied process measures
They account for a saving of 5.9 PJ. Compared to the other
changes, this is a relatively minor effect.
Volume effect
Because of an increase in production in some sectors,
energy consumption increases robustly, by more than 63 PJ
in total.
Factors of influence
They are the Saving (S) and dissaving (D) factors that have
influenced the energy consumption. These range from
adapted product specifications and influences from the
weather to standstills in production and utilisation of CHP
installations. The companies submitted these factors during
the monitoring. Table 5 shows a more detailed specification
of those factors.
Unexplained difference
Not all factors are known. They are gathered in the
miscellaneous item ‘Unexplained’. The miscellaneous item
‘Unexplained’ of 10.0 PJ accounts for 1.6 per cent of energy
consumption in 2010. This miscellaneous item results
mainly from inaccuracies in determining the volume effect
(especially from inaccuracies in translating the realised
production into energy consumption) and from uncertain-
ties in identifying and quantifying the factors of influence
(incomplete reporting of factors of influence).
Figure 3 shows the changes in energy consumption
graphically.
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PJ
500
520
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
Energy consumption
2009 PE measures
(S)
5.9
63.2 4.9 3.1 10.0
Volume
(more production)
Factors
of influence (S)
Factors
of influence (D)Unexplained (S) Energy
consumption 2010
0z
Figure 3. Substantiation of change in energy consumption (S=saving, D=dissaving) (in PJ)
Table 5. Overview of factors of influence (in TJ)
Factors of influence (TJ) Saving Dissaving
Intra-company, scale, capacity utilisation 3,306 473
Intra-company, composition of raw materials 22 104
Intra-company, product specifications - 317
Intra-company, other internal company factors 1,264 1,426
Extra-company, scale, capacity utilisation - 356
Extra-company, composition of raw materials 59 316
Extra-company, product specifications - 15
Extra-company, legislation and regulations - 29
Extra-company, climate - 109
Extra-company, miscellaneous 214 0
Total 4,866 3,146
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5Results LTA3
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LTA3 participation
In 2010, 31 sectors participated in the LTA3, altogether about
900 participating companies. These must be divided into
three clusters:
Industry (eighteen sectors)
Food and Beverage industry (nine sectors),
Services (four sectors)
Over 98 per cent of participating companies have submitted
their monitoring data. There will be further consultation
with the companies that have not submitted their data in a
timely fashion. A frequently heard reason for not submit-
ting the data on time is that the companies are undergoing
a merger or reorganisation process.
In 2010, the LTA3 sectors consumed 219 PJ worth of energy.
This repesents 20 per cent of the total industrial energy
consumption in the Netherlands (approximately 1,100 PJ).
Of this, 154 PJ were used by the sectors in the cluster
Industry, 48 PJ by the sectors in the cluster Food and
Beverage industry and 17 PJ by the sectors in the cluster
Services.
The accession of several new companies has a big impact on
the energy consumption of the LTA3 population in 2010. In
the Chemical industry, the energy consumption increased
by 25 PJ because of entrants. These are 17 companies that are
not subject to ETS, which made the transition from the
former Benchmarking Covenant to the LTA3 covenant.
Additionally, three sectors have joined the LTA3 covenant
and have submitted data for the first time in 2010: the
sectors Soft Drinks, Waters and Juices and the Financial
Services and IT sectors. Together, they consume more than
19 PJ. Total energy consumption by the LTA3 population has
therefore risen by 43.5 PJ.
EEP ambition of LTA3 companies for the period 2009-2012
All participating companies draw up an LTA3 Energy
Efficiency Plan (EEP). The plan, which is drawn up every four
years, describes the energy saving measures that are to be
taken from 2009 to 2012 inclusive, an assessment of the
expected energy saving and the appurtenant time line. On
the basis of the individual plans, Agency NL has calculated
the expected joint improvement in energy efficiency or the
ambition of the LTA3 companies.
In the EEPs, certain and conditional measures in the process
are described that lead to an improvement in energy
efficiency of 7.9 per cent. The certain and conditional
measures that are described in the chain may lead to an
improvement in energy efficiency of 2.2 per cent. Within the
framework of LTA3, the proportion of intensification of
renewable energy may be included in the overall improve-
ment of efficiency. In percentage terms, the contribution of
renewable energy amounts to 4.3 per cent. The total savings
ambition is then 14.4 per cent over the period 2009 – 2012.
LTA3 results 2010
The LTA3 companies are implementing measures that lead
to improvement of energy efficiency. Those measures are
subdivided into process efficiency (PE), chain efficiency (CE)
and sustainable energy (SE). This results brochure shows the
results that were achieved in 2010 compared to 2009 as well
as the results that were achieved over the period 2005 –
2010. Table 6 provides an overview of those results.
Table 6. Overview of LTA3 results during the 2010 monitoring year
Results in 2010 vs.
2009 (PJ) 2009 (%) 2005 (PJ) 2005 (%)
Improvement in efficiency Process efficiency (*) 5.0 2.2% 17.7 9.5%
Production chain efficiency (*) 0.6 0.1% 2.5 1.1%
Product chain efficiency 0.6 3.3
Use of sustainable energy Generation of sustainable energy 0.3 2.8
Procurement of sustainable energy 16.7 26.4
*This partial result counts towards the contribution to the national energy efficiency objectives.
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Contribution LTA3 to national energy efficiency improvement
Only a portion of the total LTA3 results is counted towards
the contribution to the national energy efficiency objecti-
ves. This concerns energy efficiency improvements in the
production process and in the production chain1.
In 2010 this included:
Energy efficiency in the production process.
This improved by 2.2 per cent in 2010 (5.0 PJ energy saving
through new process efficiency measures in 2010).
The total improvement since 2005 is 9.5 per cent.
The realised saving in the production chain. This
increased by 0.6 PJ in 2010, which corresponds to an
improvement of 0.1 per cent2. Compared to 2005, there is
2.5 PJ more energy saving through production chain
projects.
Table 7. Primary energy consumption and LTA3 results in 2010 (per sector, in TJ).
Clu
ste
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Se
cto
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Pri
ma
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ne
rgy
con
sum
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on
Pro
cess
effi
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ncy
me
asu
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Pro
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n c
ha
in
effi
cie
ncy
Pro
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ct c
ha
in e
ffici
en
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Ge
ne
rati
on
of
sust
ain
ab
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ne
rgy
Pro
cure
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nt
of
sust
ain
ab
le e
ne
rgy
in 2010 in 2010 vs. 2009 vs. 2009 vs. 2009 vs. 2009
Industry Waste Water Treatment (District Water Boards) 8,138 125 61 - 163 397
Asphalt industry 2,920 28 -4 0 -36 122
Chemical industry 34,940 906 131 -2 -253 -22
Fine ceramics industry 1,158 14 - - 0 38
Foundries 2,518 42 -1 78 0 -
Coarse ceramics industry 7,697 115 19 - -43 359
IT 14,715 659 76 74 6 9,470
Calcium silicate industry 930 44 0 - - -
Refrigeration and cold storage industry 2,777 81 - - 7 -
Metallurgical industry 3,699 126 438 3 0 -66
Oil and Gas production industry 41,600 386 -51 0 0 -9
Surface treatment industry 1,512 36 -44 0 0 9
Other Industry 15,219 499 128 1 181 1,611
Rubber and Plastics Industry 9,119 208 -696 408 1 -68
Tank storage companies 2,526 89 0 - 0 -
Carpet industry 856 33 17 2 0 59
Textile industry 1,423 20 3 0 0 -4
Textile service companies 1,605 42 7 3 0 0
Subtotal industrial sectors 153,352 3,453 84 567 26 11,896
Food Potato processing industry 8,701 326 -41 1 119 -3
Cocoa processing industry 2,346 26 0 - 0 -
Soft Drinks, Waters and Juices 1,236 27 141 0 - 238
Vegetable and Fruit processing industry 2,668 62 4 5 56 2
Coffee roasting industry 1,092 15 1 2 -3 15
Margarine, fats and oils industry 8,431 266 3 1 0 0
Flour manufacturers 1,199 8 0 - - 0
Meat processing industry 4,080 91 123 3 63 101
Dairy industry 18,551 476 200 -8 12 828
Subtotal Food and Beverage industry 48,304 1,297 431 4 247 1,181
Services Financial services industry 3,192 30 5 0 14 2,302
Higher professional education 1,401 24 0 1 5 127
University Medical Centers 5,735 47 31 0 5 430
Universities 6,902 143 19 - -6 749
Subtotal services sector 17,230 244 55 1 18 3,608
Totals 218,886 4,994 570 572 291 16,685
21
Re
sults LTA
3
The collective energy efficiency in the production process
and production chain improved by 2.3 per cent in 2010.
Compared to 2005, the improvement is 10.6 per cent.
That means an average saving per year of 2.1 per cent.
1 Only the changes in energy efficiency in the production chain that have been
achieved in the Netherlands are counted towards the national contribution to the
improvement of energy efficiency. The question about the size of the saving in the
production chain inside or outside the Netherlands was posed for the first time in
2010 for LTA3. Therefore it is not possible to make a comparison of the difference
within and outside the Netherlands between 2009 and 2010.
2 A large number of companies newly acceded. Because they cannot reach the level of
the existing LTA3 population within one year, the new group has not been considered
here.
Table 8. Primary energy consumption in 2010 and LTA3 results compared to reference year 2005 (per sector, in TJ).
Clu
ste
r
Se
cto
r Pri
ma
ry e
ne
rgy
con
sum
pti
on
Pro
cess
effi
cie
ncy
me
asu
res
Pro
du
ctio
n c
ha
in
effi
cie
ncy
Pro
du
ct c
ha
in
effi
cie
ncy
Ge
ne
rati
on
of
sust
ain
ab
le
en
erg
y
Pro
cure
me
nt
of
sust
ain
ab
le
en
erg
y
in 2010 since
2005
vs. 2005 vs. 2005 vs. 2005 vs. 2005
Industry Waste Water Treatment
(District Water Boards)
8,138 183 139 - 2,131 4,164
Asphalt industry 2,920 227 53 0 -20 211
Chemical industry 34,940 1,716 914 19 -22 -29
Fine ceramics industry 1,158 92 - - 0 302
Foundries 2,518 156 0 1,201 0 -
Coarse ceramics industry 7,697 605 321 - 72 480
IT 14,715 659 76 77 6 9,470
Calcium silicate industry 930 184 1 - - -
Refrigeration and cold storage industry 2,777 174 - - -1 0
Metallurgical industry 3,699 380 310 -13 0 295
Oil and Gas production industry 41,600 3,366 -5 - 0 -9
Surface treatment industry 1,512 202 43 - 0 21
Other Industry 15,219 1,795 147 977 204 4,735
Rubber and Plastics Industry 9,119 891 -183 822 -236 -172
Tank storage companies 2,526 403 0 - 0 -
Carpet industry 856 95 -105 2 0 26
Textile industry 1,423 176 15 0 -7 -38
Textile service companies 1,605 258 -16 25 0 44
Subtotal industrial sectors 153,352 11,564 1,710 3,110 2,127 20,057
Food Potato processing industry 8,701 1,067 93 1 305 0
Cocoa processing industry 2,346 103 70 - 0 -
Soft Drinks, Waters and Juices 1,236 27 145 0 - 238
Vegetable and Fruit processing industry 2,668 355 22 41 68 2
Coffee roasting industry 1,092 128 5 2 -25 11
Margarine, fats and oils industry 8,431 739 11 1 -1 0
Flour manufacturers 1,199 103 6 - - 30
Meat processing industry 4,080 378 106 3 61 54
Dairy industry 18,551 1,814 277 150 7 1,130
Subtotal Food and Beverage industry 48,304 4,714 735 198 415 1,465
Services Financial services industry 3,192 30 5 0 14 2,302
Higher professional education 1,401 211 0 3 5 585
University Medical Centers 5,735 664 31 0 7 1,099
Universities 6,902 464 48 - 235 919
Subtotal services sector 17,230 1,369 84 3 261 4,905
Totals 218,886 17,647 2,529 3,311 2,803 26,427
22
Re
sults LTA
3
Total energy performance LTA3
All efforts put in by companies in support of the LTA3
covenant are expressed in the form of an energy perfor-
mance indicator. The total energy performance of LTA3
participants is the sum of the results of all measures that
were taken in the process, in the chain and the application
of sustainable energy. Therefore, total energy output
in 2010 is 5.0 PJ + 1.2 PJ + 17.0 PJ = 23.2 PJ.
Overview of results per sector and pillar
In the tables on pages 20 and 21, the 31 LTA3 sectors that
participated in the 2010 monitoring cycle are subdivided
into the clusters Industry, Food and Beverage industry and
Services. Table 7 (page 20) illustrates energy consumption
per sector in 2010 and the effect of new or intensified
measures in 2010, broken down by the various categories.
Table 8 (page 21) illustrates the cumulative effect of all
measures in comparison to LTA3 reference year 2005.
LTA3 results per pillar
Process Efficiency LTA3
Improving process efficiency is based on taking measures in
relation to energy saving within the business operations.
New process measures are reported one time, but have a
lasting effect.
The saving realised through process measures is 5.0 PJ in
2010. This agrees with an improvement in energy efficiency
of 2.2 per cent in 2010. Both the absolute result and the
relative results improved significantly in 2010 compared to
2009, from respectively 3.0 PJ to 5.0 PJ and 1.8 per cent to
2.2 per cent. The result of 2010 is even more remarkable
because the energy consumption of all LTA3 companies in
2010 rose by 33 per cent compared to 2009. New entrants are
responsible for 27 per cent of that 33 per cent. The remain-
der is due to increased production volumes of most LTA3
companies in 2010 compared to 2009. On the plus side,
despite this large number of new entrants, the realised
savings of 5.0 PJ in 2010 are equal to the prognosis
according to the EEPs, including the new entrants.
Figure 4 illustrates the cumulative effect of process
efficiency measures from 2006 (2005 is the LTA3 reference
year). Cumulatively, a saving of 17.7 PJ was realised in 2010.
This corresponds to a 9.5 per cent improvement in energy
efficiency in comparison to 2005.
Figure 4. Cumulative savings due to process efficiency over the LTA3 period (in PJ)
PJ
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
23
Re
sults LTA
3
Figure 6. Breakdown of PE measures by category (as a % of total saving)
Process measures (57%)
Energy management and good housekeeping (11%)
Strategic projects (7%)
Utilities and buildings (25%)
Figure 5. Energy consumption trend and yearly effect of new PE measures over the LTA3 period (in PJ)
PJ
PJ
0.0 0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
Process efficiency per year
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Energy consumption per year
Figure 5 illustrates the primary energy consumption trend
(trend line with scale to the right) and the savings achieved
on the basis of process efficiency measures for all LTA3
sectors (bars with scale to the left). It can be seen that the
absolute saving through process measures has increased by
2 PJ compared to the previous year.
Process efficiency measures broken down by category
Figure 6 illustrates the classification of all process efficiency
measures in 2010 by the following categories:
24
Re
sults LTA
3
Figure 7. Breakdown of process efficiency measures by energy source (as a % of total saving)
Electricity (49%)
Natural gas (33%)
Heat (5%)
Other(13%)
Figure 8. Allocation of chain efficiency measures to subcategory in %
Optimisation of product disposal
and recycling (16%)
Distribution optimisation (7%)
Optimisation of useful
economic life (13%)
Reduction in energy consumption during use
of product(16%)
Optimisation of functionality
(13%)
On site collaboration (10%)
Savings on materials (25%)
25
Re
sults LTA
3
The main difference with 2009 is that, at 7 per cent, the
category ‘strategic projects’ is back at the pre-crisis average
level. The contribution of this category has increased in
comparison to the category ‘energy management’.
Considering the major changes in the LTA3 population,
the shifts are minor.
Process efficiency measures broken down by energy
sources
Figure 7 illustrates the effect of the process efficiency
measures in 2010, broken down by the most important
sources of energy. Of note is the increase of 18 per cent
versus 2009 of the saving that was realised on ‘electricity’
and a decrease of almost the same size (16 per cent) in the
group ‘other’. The saving on ‘electricity’ was realised
through a vast number (2,300) of relatively small measures.
The energy sources ‘natural gas’ and ‘heat’ show no change
compared to 2009. The component ‘other’ contains mostly
unspecified energy sources.
Chain efficiency LTA3
Chain efficiency has been an LTA component since 2002.
The attention for chain optimisation and sustainability has
visibly increased at the LTA3 companies. On the one hand,
this is because the chain approach has found its place in the
corporate culture. And on the other hand, ever more
companies see new opportunities and new possibilities
through the chain approach. Amongst others, this can be
explained by the increasing cost and scarcity of raw
materials and by new applications for reuse and recycling,
by new products and new markets and by new logistical
concepts.
Chain efficiency measures in 2010
The LTA3 companies realised a sizeable saving in the chain
in 2010. The total saving increased between 2005 and 2010
by 5.8 PJ. Total saving from chain measures fluctuates
somewhat: some measures have been halted or have been
replaced by new ones. 2.5 PJ worth of new projects have
been carried out in 2010 that partly replaced earlier
measures. Chain saving fell back a little in 2009 because of
the credit crisis. In 2010, the trend of before 2009 was
re-established. With that, chain measures make an
important contribution to the realisation of the covenant’s
objectives. With chain measures, a number of categories are
differentiated when monitoring. Figure 8 shows how the
various categories contribute to the total result that has
been achieved in 2010 with chain measures.
Product Chain
The growth in chain efficiency can be ascribed to savings in
the product chain. Figure 9 shows that the realised savings
amount to 2.0 PJ (2008), 1.9 PJ (2009) and 2.5 PJ (2010).
In the industrial sectors, the Metallurgical and Chemical
industries especially stand out with increased energy savings
of respectively 0.4 PJ and 0.1 PJ compared to 2009. In the
Metallurgical industry, the increase can be mainly attributed
to recycling, a measure that finds strong application by
businesses in that sector. The measure yields a lot of energy
saving because the use of secondary metals obviates the
need for extracting ‘virgin’ material from ore. The saving of
0.1 PJ in the Chemical industry can also be attributed to
recycling.
Figure 9. Effect production chain measures during the LTA3 period (in PJ)
PJ
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
26
Re
sults LTA
3
In the Food and Beverage industry industry, particularly the
Dairy industry, the sectors Soft Drinks, Waters and Juices
and the Meat-processing industry made a contribution to
the increase of savings in the production chain. They score
respectively 0.2 PJ, 0.2 PJ and 0.1 PJ. In the Dairy industry,
this is explained by companies procuring more steam
(residual heat) from parties in their immediate surroun-
dings instead of generating heat themselves from fossil
sources. The sector Soft Drinks, Waters and Juices participa-
tes in monitoring this year for the first time and realises
energy saving in the production chain through packaging
that is made of recycled materials and is of lighter weight.
The saving in the Meat-processing industry is explained by
reuse of organic residual heat for the production of fodder.
The general increase in production chain efficiency is
further explained by the measures of a number of compa-
nies in the services sector (Universities and University
Medical Centers).
The increase in realised saving from chain efficiency in 2010
is in step with an increase in energy consumption of the
companies. This is remarkable, as it means that, in spite of
the increased saving, the relative contribution remains
roughly the same as in the previous year. There are various
reasons for this. For example, 17 companies that are large
consumers of energy acceded in the Chemical industry.
But they do not yet implement many chain measures.
Additionally, some bigger measures are discontinued.
A remarkable development is the decrease of 0.7 PJ in the
Rubber and Plastics Industry. The reason for the decrease is
that various Rubber and Plastics companies state less energy
saving for recycling and savings on materials because of
reduction in weights.
Product Chain
The savings in the product chain increase strongly in 2010
by 0.6 PJ and achieve again the level of 2008 (3.3 PJ). This is
shown in Figure 10. The largest contribution to the increase
in product chain efficiency is made by the Rubber and
Plastics Industry (0.4 PJ). The other savings come from
Foundries and IT in particular (both 0.1 PJ).
Sustainable energy
Overview of the use of sustainable energy
The LTA3 covenant encourages companies to generate
increasingly more sustainable energy themselves or to
procure it. The total use of sustainable energy in 2009 was
12.1 PJ and more than doubled in 2010 to 28.5 PJ.
That increase is shown in Figure 11. The increased applica-
tion of sustainable energy is mainly explained by procure-
ment (from 9.8 PJ in 2009 to 26.1 PJ in 2010). For a large
part, the increase can be attributed to the accession in 2009
of a number of new sectors to the LTA3 covenant. They were
only able to submit their monitoring details for the first
time in 2010. In 2010, 12 PJ worth of sustainable energy was
procured in the industrial sectors, compared to 2009. In the
IT sector, 9.5 PJ worth of procured energy was sustainable.
That is mainly done by one single company. Compared to
2009, the sector Other industry procured about 1.6 PJ more
of sustainable energy in 2010. Here again, one single large
company makes a significant contribution.
Figure 10. Effect of product chain measures in the LTA3 period (in PJ)
PJ
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
27
Re
sults LTA
3
Figure 11. Use of sustainable energy over the LTA3 period (in PJ)
PJ
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Procurement
Generation
In the services sector, 3.6 PJ more sustainable energy was
procured in 2010 as compared to 2009. Together, the
financial services industry as a whole procured 2.3 PJ worth
of sustainable energy. Universities also contributed 0.7 PJ.
One university in particular made an important contribu-
tion: 0.4 PJ.
Additionally, various companies in the Waste Water
Treatment (District Water Boards) sector, Dairy industry,
Coarse ceramics industry, the Soft Drinks, Waters and Juices
sector and the University Medical Centers contribute to the
(increasing) procurement of sustainable energy. The sectors
with the highest procurement are shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12. Procurement of sustainable energy per sector (in PJ)
PJ
0.0
Other
sectors
Higher
professional
education
Universities University
Medical
Centres
Dairy
industry
Financial
services
industry
Waste water
treatment
(district
water boards)
Other
Industries
IT
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
28
Re
sults LTA
3
Figure 13 shows the sectors with the most self-generation of
sustainable energy.
The self-generation of sustainable energy rose slightly in
2010 by 0.3 PJ to 2.8 PJ (compared to 2005). We are seeing
differences between the sectors: a slight increase in the
sectors Waste Water Treatment (District Water Boards) and
Other industry, a slight decrease in the other sectors.
Through the beneficial use of released biogas, the Waste
Water Treatment (District Water Boards) sector is the biggest
generator of sustainable energy.
When drawing up the 2009 results brochure it was not yet
no absolute figure has been mentioned. Because of that,
the reported level of the total of generated sustainable
energy for 2009 was considerably lower than it actually was.
Further investigation has yielded the correct values.
Statement on the development of energy consumption
An analysis of the figures has been made to allow a
qualitative assessment. That analysis gives insight into the
difference in energy consumption during the observed year
and the previous year. This development is graphically
depicted in Figure 14.
A number of factors explain the difference between the
energy consumption last year and this year (an increase of
54.4 PJ). They cause an increase or decrease compared to the
energy consumption in 2009. Those factors are elucidated
below.
Applied process measuresThey account for a saving of 3.7 PJ. This concerns the saving
from process measures that have been applied by the LTA3
populations, without the new entrants. Compared to the
other changes, this is a relatively minor effect.
Volume effect
Because of an increase in production, energy consumption
has increased by more than 6 PJ in total.
Factors of influence
They are the saving (S) and dissaving (D) factors that have
influenced the energy consumption. Table 9 shows a more
detailed specification of these factors of influence.
Unexplained difference
Not all factors are known. They are gathered in the
miscellaneous item ‘Unexplained’. The miscellaneous item
‘Unexplained’ accounts for 5.7 PJ or 3.2 per cent of total
energy consumption in 2010 (without the new entrants).
This miscellaneous item results mainly from inaccuracies in
determining the volume effect (especially from inaccuracies
in translating the realised production to energy consump-
tion) and from uncertainties in identifying and quantifying
the factors of influence (incomplete reporting of factors of
influence). The fact that not all companies have reported (in
a timely fashion) also has an influence.
New entrants to the covenant
A number of companies (17) made the transition from the
former Benchmarking Covenant to the LTA3 covenant,
because they are not subject to ETS. Additionally, three
(new) sectors (the sectors Soft Drinks, Waters and Juices and
the Financial Services and IT sectors) participate in the LTA3
covenant and have submitted data for the first time in 2010.
Together, they consume more than 19 PJ. Total energy
consumption by the LTA3 population has therefore risen
by 43.5 PJ.
29
Re
sults LTA
3
Figure 13. Generation of sustainable energy per sector (in PJ)
PJ
0.0Other
sectors
Coffee roasting industry
Universities Other
Industry
Potato processing
industry
Waste water treatment
(district water boards)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Figure 14. Substantiation of the change in energy consumption (S=saving, D=dissaving) (in PJ)
PJ
0
50
100
150
200
250
Energy consumption
2009 (without entrants)
PE
measures
(S)
Volume (more
production)
Factors of
influence (S)
Factors of
influence (D)
Unexplained
(D)
Energy consumption
2010 (without entrants)
Energy consumption entrants 2010
Energy
consumption
2010
(including
entrants)
3.7 6.0 2.1 5.15.7
43.5
Table 9. Overview factors of influence
Factors of influence (TJ) Saving Dissaving
Intra-company, energy dissaving measures 226
Intra-company, scale, capacity utilisation 1,434 1,045
Intra-company, composition of raw materials 34 106
Intra-company, product specifications 63 43
Intra-company, other internal company factors 35 647
Extra-company, scale, capacity utilisation 176 810
Extra-company, composition of raw materials 235 172
Extra-company, product specifications 71 174
Extra-company, legislation and regulations 1 52
Extra-company, climate 4 1,781
Extra-company, miscellaneous 21 61
Total 2,074 5,116
30
Re
sults LTA
3
Figure 15. Percentage of companies that comply with the energy management criteria (2001-2010)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20102001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Progress on energy management
State of affairs at the end of 2010
Companies with access to an energy management system
are in a position to manage their energy consumption
better and in a structural way. The percentage of companies
that comply with the energy management criteria in 2010 is
the same as in 2009 and therefore stable. Of the participa-
ting companies, 37 per cent have implemented the energy
management system on the basis of ISO 9001 or ISO 14001,
and integrated into other available management systems.
This percentage is just as large as in 2009. Figure 15 shows
the trend in the percentage of LTA3 companies that has
implemented an energy management system. Companies
with an energy management system are in a position to
manage their energy consumption better.
Companies with an energy
management system manage their
energy consumption better
31
Re
sults LTA
3
32
Pre
limin
ary stu
die
s an
d ro
ad
ma
ps
6Preliminary studies and roadmaps
LTA1
LEE
LTA2 LTA31992 1998 2008
2009
33
Pre
limin
ary stu
die
s an
d ro
ad
ma
ps
In order to maintain a good competitive position, it is
important to identify opportunities and bottlenecks for
sustainability and energy in good time and to respond to
them adequately. In other words: foresight is the essence
of government. Preliminary studies and roadmaps are
useful tools to this end. Those paths are now well
established. The perspectives for the future of individual
sectors and the entire business community in the
Netherlands are beginning to take shape. Sustainability
turns out to be important for maintaining the competi-
tive position and the ambitions for improving energy
efficiency are based on strong resolve. The sectors
particularly wish to aim for sustainable products and
services, closing chains and improving the sustainability
of the own production. Additionally, it appears that their
ambitions would suit government policy.
On schedule
25 sectors have now completed their preliminary studies.
Three sectors are still working on them. Of those, seventeen
sectors have embarked upon the sequel, the drawing up of
a roadmap. The high tech companies of the Other Industry
have started a project through their preliminary studies
under the name FME Sustainability Compass High Tech
Chains.
Ambitious improvement attainable
50 per cent improvement in energy efficiency in the process
and the chain: is this ambitious work hypothesis attainable?
A great many sectors have investigated the attainability as
part of their preliminary studies. Virtually all those sectors
estimate that an improvement in energy efficiency between
30 and 50 per cent is possible within their own processes.
Additionally, we see good potential for savings in the chain,
up to as much as five times the energy consumption of the
own sector. Moreover, many sectors have the objective of
making their own consumption environmentally friendlier
through procurement and/or production of sustainable
energy. And many sectors pay attention to making the chain
environmentally friendlier. For example, they want to do so
by making optimum use of the residual electricity or
through using their products and residual electricity for
producing sustainable energy.
Preliminary studies and roadmaps
Energy efficiency and sustainability are requirements for maintaining the
competitive position of the Dutch business community. Preliminary studies and
roadmaps are important tools in this regard. In a preliminary study, a sector
provides a clear vision for the sector in 2030 and an overview of the ambitions for
energy efficiency. That also creates a basis and fuels enthusiasm. A preliminary
study may be followed by a roadmap. That will show the paths that can be
followed for realising the ambition
Sustainable enterprise enhances competitive position
With the aid of sustainability, sectors also wish to acquire a
stronger international competitive position in 2030.
The business community has determined that this will
require a transition leap. In that regard, sectors do not only
look at their own activities, but also see added value in
cooperating with other sectors and chains, in technical as
well as non-technical fields. An analysis of cross-links and
ambitions from the preliminary studies – a simultaneous,
industry-wide look at the future – of LTA3 and LEE sectors
yields six themes that may serve the future interests of the
various sectors:
valorisation of knowledge of sustainable (breakthrough)
technologies and concepts.
The preliminary studies have greatly motivated the business
community to collaborate on themes such as ‘Undertaking
in the future’ and the concomitant impact on the environ-
ment. On their path, sectors organise workshops to which
other sectors and their partners in the chain are invited.
These are steps to a better competitive position based on
a sustainable economy.
34
Pre
limin
ary stu
die
s an
d ro
ad
ma
ps
Basis for government policy
The preliminary studies and roadmaps provide the business
community with motivation and direction and they
contribute to the related government policy as well. At the
request of a number of sectors, the preliminary studies
have been offered to the top teams. The Government has
designated ten sectors that are supported by the
Government through the ministry of Economic Affairs,
Agriculture and Innovation. The ministry had already
previously received a note about sustainability ambitions
from the preliminary studies.
The ministry has also requested a note about the objectives
that the sectors have formulated for raw materials. Three
themes stand out from the preliminary studies that the
sectors want to start with in order to sustainably satisfy their
future needs for raw materials.
Availability of raw materials at a stable price. Stocks are
nearing exhaustion and many raw materials are
becoming scarce. Because of the growth in the world’s
population and the appurtenant demand, prices of raw
materials will rise.
New markets. Because of scarcity of sources of fossil
energy, a new market for sustainable energy and for biotic
raw materials is coming into being (bio-based economy).
Durability. Consumers are growing increasingly critical
about quality, sustainability and health, which leads to
demand for raw materials that satisfy those
requirements.
The ministry uses that information to adapt its policy in
respect of supply assurance of raw materials.
Rounding off and implementing
In principle, the LTA3 sectors will submit their roadmaps by
the end of 2011. The LEE sectors have until the middle of
2012 for rounding off. After that, they may start implemen-
ting the identified measures. It is expected that these will
also feature in the EEPs for the period 2013 – 2016. The
sectors will begin drawing those up in 2012.
Sectors that implement a roadmap
LTA3 sectors
Waste Water Treatment (District Water Boards)
Potato processing industry
Chemical industry (LTA3 and LEE)*
Fine & Coarse ceramics industry
Vegetable and fruit processing industry
Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
Coffee roasting industry
Margarine, Fats and Oils industry
Metallurgical industry including Steel and Foundries*
Rubber and Plastics Industry
Carpet industry
Textile service companies
Textile industry
Meat processing industry
Dairy industry
LEE sectors
Glass industry
Paper and cardboard industry**
* This is one path for both LTA3 as well as LEE companies.
** These are roadmaps that are financed through the Energy
Innovation Agenda.
35
Pre
limin
ary stu
die
s an
d ro
ad
ma
ps
36
De
con
ven
an
ten
ME
E e
n M
JA3 sa
me
n
7Cooperation with EIA
LTA1
LEE
LTA2 LTA31992 1998 2008
2009
37
Co
op
era
tion
with
EIA
Apart from the energy covenants, the Energy Investment
Deduction (EIA) is an important instrument for attaining
energy efficiency in the Dutch business community.
The participants in the covenant are actively made aware
of the existence of the EIA and they use it intensively.
The Energy Investment Deduction is a possibility of
fiscal deduction for entrepreneurs, for investments in
energy-saving operational means and sustainable
energy. Investing and saving energy does not only
result in a lower energy bill, but with the EIA it also
possibly yields a fiscal advantage.
The EIA arrangement is an initiative of the ministry of
Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation, in
conjunction with the ministry of Finance. NL Energy and
Climate, part of Agency NL, and the fiscal authorities take
care of the implementation of the arrangement.
Through the EIA arrangement, a company can benefit from
a fiscal advantage: it will pay less tax on profits or income
tax. Entrepreneurs may deduct 41.5 per cent of the cost of
the investment from fiscal profits. With a tax rate of 25 per
cent, this is a net advantage of around 10 per cent. However,
the investment must be included in the energy listing or
satisfy the support effectivity criterion. If the operating
means are not ‘specifically’ included in the energy listing,
but the company can demonstrate that it satisfies the saving
standard, the company may still qualify for EIA through a
‘generic’ application.
In 2010, 340 million euros worth of EIA investments have
been registered by companies from sectors with an energy
covenant. That is 29 per cent of the total registered
investment amount. In 2009, it was 308 million euros,
therefore there is an increase of around 10 per cent. The
highest investment amounts have been registered by the
Chemical industry and the Food and Beverage industry.
Those two constituent sectors invested respectively 85 and
30 million euros more than in 2009. There were also many
applications by supermarkets.
The participants in the covenant
are actively made aware of the
existence of the EIA and they use
it intensively.
38
Re
sults LE
E
38
De
con
ven
an
ten
ME
E e
n M
JA3 sa
me
n
Results for the sectors
MJA1
MEE
MJA2 MJA31992 1998 2008
2009
39
Re
sults LE
E
Gerrit Jan Koopman:
‘Recycling is more than just
reusing paper.’p. 46
Frank Buijs:
‘The roadmap works
like a lever.’p. 54
Arie van de Put:
‘It is useful to see whether
overused patterns can be changed’p. 62
Ronald Stegers:
‘ Extraordinary that DAF
has now developed a
hybrid lorry.’ p. 58
Frank Bergmans and Hans Ridderikhoff:
‘ Since long, our sector has been replacing
finite materials with renewable ones’ p. 72
Marcel Rietberg and Daniël Broer:
‘Within permissioning paths, we can
think along about energy standards’p. 68
Piet-Jan Klijn:
‘ The number of students has
doubled over the past ten years.
Energy consumption has not
increased by even 15 per cent’ p. 80
Frans Slats and Godelieve Kok:
‘ Utrecht Central Station already has
solar panels on some of its platform
coverings’
p. 76
40
Re
sults LE
E se
ctors
8LEE sectors results
LTA1
LEE
LTA2 LTA31992 1998 2008
2009
41
Re
sults LE
E se
ctors
In 2009, the breweries acceded to LEE with 3 companies
(5 facilities). At the production location, heating during
brewing and cooling during fermentation and storage
demand the most energy. In the chain, the most energy is
required for cooling and distribution.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 140 TJ through 37 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. Two products in
the field of distribution optimisation have shown an
improvement in chain efficiency of 23 TJ in 2010. The use of
sustainable energy is increasing. Making use of hydropower
has yielded 1 TJ. One project, where energy is produced from
waste and biomass, accounts for 36 TJ.
Sector development and 2011
In 2010, the Dutch breweries have brewed 24 million
hectolitres of beer: 10 million were intended for domestic
consumption, the remainder was for export. This makes the
Netherlands one of the world’s largest exporters of beer.
Thanks to increasing exports, production has increased
every year until 2008. But since the nineties, Dutch beer
consumption has been falling on account of a changed
population mix, greater choice and larger differences in
excise duties with those of neighbouring countries. With
product diversification and innovative packaging, the sector
is attempting to hold on to market share or to increase it
(again). Benchmarking is showing that the Dutch breweries
belong to the top in the world in the area of energy
efficiency. The largest possibilities of saving now lie to a
significant extent outside the own production location. In
2011, the sector organisation Dutch Brewers will start
research on cooling within the chain in the catering
industry. The sector will also draw up a sustainability
schedule and strategy around various sustainability
initiatives.
In 2009, the chemical industry acceded to LEE with 26
companies (60 facilities). The sector produces intermedia-
tes, speciality chemicals, consumer and performer
products).
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 2,334 TJ through 132
measures in the area of process efficiency. Additionally, in
2010, they have realised 8 new chain measures for a saving
of 54 TJ. It is expected that more chain measures have been
realised, but that not all LEE participants have reported
them because of lacking experience in quantifying them.
Sector development and 2011
For many companies, 2010 was a good year because of an
unexpectedly strong recovery of the economy. Although the
Dutch chemical industry was affected by the economic
crisis, it coped with it quite well. The sector indicates that
2010 offered little room for implementing new energy-
saving measures. The reason is the unexpected and
considerable increase in the occupancy rate of the produc-
tion capacity. This increase was accompanied by strong
dynamics in the raw materials and energy markets and a
rising oil price.
In view of the great interests, a lot of attention was given in
2010 to the emissions trading system and compliance with
the LTA and LEE energy covenants.
Chemical industry Breweries
42
Re
sults LE
E se
ctors
In 2009, the glass industry acceded to LEE with 6 companies
(9 facilities). The large diversity in products accounts for
differences in energy consumption between the facilities.
Most energy is needed for melting the raw materials in glass
furnaces and for moulding machines.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 100 TJ through measures in
the area of process efficiency. Chain efficiency measures had
not yet been included in the monitoring over 2010. In 2010,
the sector has taken no measures for sustainable energy.
Sector development and 2011
2010 saw a slight recovery and production capacity returned
to somewhat more ‘normal’ levels. This is energetically
important, because the melting furnaces have a considera-
ble basic requirement. Most markets for the glass producers
have shown an improvement in 2010, except for the
building trade. No major changes are expected for 2011 in
this regard. The Dutch glass producers continue to hold on
to and improve their position as one of the world’s most
efficient glass sectors. In 2010, the sector completed a
preliminary study that has offered sufficient perspective to
set out on the roadmap project in 2011. That will have great
emphasis on improvements in the internal production
process, but chain aspects will also receive adequate
attention. International decision-making impedes the
implementation of new technologies. Dutch glassworks are
affiliate companies of foreign concerns. Other obstacles are
high capital costs and the frequently associated risks,
especially in the glass melting process.
In 2009, the metallurgical industry acceded to LEE with 5
companies (6 facilities). Partly due to divergent products,
energy consumption is very diverse. Most energy goes
towards the production of iron through the blast furnace
process.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants carried out 12 different measures in
the area of process efficiency. They led to a saving of 1,664
TJ. In 2010, the participants took 3 measures in the area of
chain efficiency. No measures have been taken in the field
of sustainable energy.
Sector development and 2011
Recovery in 2010 in the production volume explains to a
large extent why total energy consumption increased by
9,922 TJ compared to 2009 (65,569 TJ). Thanks in part to the
attention that was paid to developing a roadmap until 2030,
energy efficiency is a major item on the agenda in most
companies, both for processes and in the chain. In the field
of energy and energy measures, the sector gains a lot of
trust from the enthusiasm with which companies participa-
ted in drawing up the roadmap and from the results that it
has yielded. In addition to Long-Term Activities, such as a
new iron production process, improvements can be made
in the short term to existing furnaces. From the joint
roadmap project with the Foundries, the sector has
submitted three projects in response to the call for Green
Deals by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and
Innovation.
Metallurgical industry Glass industry
43
Re
sults LE
E se
ctors
In 2009, the Other Industry acceded to LEE with 8 compa-
nies (13 facilities). Those companies supply very divergent
products, such as cement, fabrics, sugar and chocolate.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 305 TJ through measures in
the area of process efficiency. They saved 836 TJ with various
projects in the production chain. Sustainable energy was
fully realised through their own efforts. In 2010, it was 53 TJ.
This was mostly through own generation, amongst others
from organic materials, from process water and from the
efficient deployment of CHPs and gas motors.
Sector development and 2011
Participants vary from producers of foodstuffs to heavy
industries. Because of that diversity, no general statements
can be made about economic growth. But, for example, it
can be reported that the building trade is not seeing an
economic recovery yet. Other companies, such as those in
foodstuffs, are not doing badly at all, economically. Four
future energy-saving projects are illustrative. The possibility
of distributing residual heat through a network around a
company is being investigated. Internal utilisation of
residual heat is also being looked into. In another company,
internal heat management is being optimised by means of
pinch analysis. Finally, in one company, the portion of
sustainable energy will increase through commissioning a
large-scale biomass anaerobic digestion system. In view of
the poor market expectation for CHPs, there is a big risk of
dissaving in the future.
In 2009, the paper and cardboard industry acceded to LEE
with 13 companies (19 facilities). Most energy is needed for
drying processes and the actuation of pulpers, pulp
treatment machines, pumps and production machines. Net
energy consumption consists almost entirely of natural gas.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 583 TJ through measures in
the area of process efficiency. The participants realise chain
efficiency mainly in the production chain. Compared to
2009, chain efficiency measures yielded 2.2 PJ of new chain
savings, of which 1.8 PJ were realised abroad.
Sector development and 2011
In 2010, sales in the paper sector grew by 10 per cent
compared to 2009. The sector is well on its way with its
energy transition project (see also the interview on page
[x]). In addition to reducing demand for energy at the
production stage, the sector is looking for alternatives for
fossil fuels, using residual flows and heat, cooperation of
chains to avoid wastage and forming coalitions for the
bio-based economy. A significant part of savings in the
chain will be achieved through more efficient and intensive
utilisation of bio-based raw materials. In addition to
intended energy saving measures in factories, in 2011, the
focus is on two subjects: combined heat and power (CHP)
during the third stage of CO2 emissions trading and chain
measures. When drawing up the EEPs, VNP members
identified 130 possible chain measures. The paper sector is
also doing research into using alternative raw materials.
Furthermore, the participants further save by used recycled
materials, economising on materials, cleverly utilising
secondary flows and saving during the transportation stage.
Paper and cardboard industry Other Industry
44
Re
sults LE
E se
ctors
In 2009, the refineries acceded to LEE with 5 companies (5
facilities).
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 745 TJ through 7 measures in
the area of process efficiency. Other than the measure that
was already under way where refineries supply CO2 to the
horticultural sector and the minerals industry, no new chain
measures have been realised in 2010.
Sector development
In spite of the crisis, the refinery sector has made efforts,
within the framework of the preliminary study for the LEE
covenant, to map out the technical savings potential for the
sector. That was done with studies in the fields of process
efficiency, chain efficiency and combined heat and power
(CHP). A study of innovative technologies for the sector has
not yet been completed. But the preliminary study, in which
the sector explores the benefit and need of a roadmap, has
been started. The Dutch refineries not only produce for the
-
tion. Therefore, the perseverance of the various factories is
strongly influenced by demand domestically as well as
abroad. Because of the crisis, the refining margin and
profitability of the sector have sharply fallen since 2008.
Because of that and because of the building of new
refineries outside Europe, substantial overcapacity in the
sector has resulted in Europe. A significant number of
refineries have closed down or been put up for sale.
Capacity utilisation of the Dutch refineries fell by 2.2 per
cent in 2009, but rose again by 4.7 per cent in 2010. The
utilisation rate fluctuated around 80 per cent the last few
years.
Refineries
45
Re
sults LE
E se
ctors
46
Re
sults LE
E se
ctors
‘Paper is a centuries old natural product that remains in
strong demand until today’, Gerrit Jan Koopman, director of
the Royal Netherlands Paper and Board Association (VNP).
‘For many years, we have been making efforts to produce as
sustainably as possible, though initially that happened
mainly within the company gates. A few years ago, it
became clear that we had to do something to counter the
strongly rising energy prices, the scarcity of raw materials
and the expensive CO2 rights. We realised that doing more
of the same was not enough to remain healthy in the long
term. We decided to look far ahead and to lay the bar high.
Cooperating within the chain was the appropriate path.’
Fibres from potatoesThe response took shape in the ‘Energy transition paper
chain’. The Dutch paper and cardboard industry set out on
this path in 2004, together with the then Ministry of
Economic Affairs. Objective: saving energy, stimulating
innovation and improving the investment climate. ‘We
decided to start searching for sustainable solutions with
companies within and outside the chain. The government
was enthusiastic about our systematics and wished to share
it with other sectors. That turned us into a kind of forerun-
ner of the approach that is now taken in the LEE and LTA3
with chain efficiency and roadmaps. We also monitor our
results now through the LEE covenant: in 2010 we saved
around 2.4 per cent with process measures within the gates.
Between 2005 and 2010 that was ca. 2.2 PJ. And during that
period, chain measures have yielded twice as many savings.’
The transition path provided important insights, including
into the scarcity of raw materials and, through that, the
increasing need for recycling. ‘Our sector already set the
tone for reuse: The Netherlands are a real scrap paper
country. But recycling is a lot more than reusing paper.
It is also the higher-grade use of residual electricity and
biomass: vegetable materials. For example, we can use
fibres from potatoes or sugar beet for making paper. And
therewith replace wood as raw material. And, for example,
the chemical industry can make bio-plastics from our paper
pulp. In respect of using raw materials, we will have to
reinvent ourselves as sector.
From distributor of raw materials to printing pressIn the meantime, all sorts of collaboration arrangements and
projects have started within the framework of the paper chain
energy transition. ‘As VNP we take the initiative and act as
coordinator in bringing the parties together. That way we
facilitate the collaboration within the chain: from the
distributor of raw materials to the printing press. Additionally,
we’re looking for new partners outside the chain. We hope that
entrepreneurs then pick up the initiatives themselves.’
In 2004, the paper and cardboard industry made the first steps
towards an ambitious target: by 2020 it must be possible to
create all final products with only half the energy. At that time,
the sector was looking far ahead and well beyond its own
boundaries. It created a blueprint for the current LEE approach.
‘Doing more of the same was not enough.’
46
Paper and cardboard sector
reinvents itself
In 2004, the paper and cardboard industry made the first
steps towards an ambitious target: by 2020, it must be
possible to create all final products with only half the ener-
gy. At that time, the sector was looking far ahead and well
beyond its own boundaries. It created a blueprint for the
current LEE approach. ‘Doing more of the same was not
enough.’
47
Re
sults LE
E se
ctors
There are various ways of working on saving within the chain.
For example, through reducing wastage of materials in
printing presses. ‘Because, in the past, printing systems were
rather labour-intensive, an offprint was included in contracts
by default. With digital printing, that is no longer necessary.
But many contracts still have to be adjusted. We talk about this
kind of measures with the printing press sector. Additionally,
we talk with the designers, for example, how they can already
take the saving of paper into consideration during the design
stage.’
In conjunction with the agricultural, chemical and the energy sectorAn example of collaboration with other sectors is the Dutch
Biorefinery Cluster (see box). The paper and cardboard and
the Agrofood industries started this for the purpose of
making use of each other’s knowledge and raw materials.
Another cross-industry initiative is that of the Agricultural,
Paper and Chemical sector (APC). It looks at how new raw
materials can be made from biomass. ‘It is telling that also
energy companies now sit at the table at the APC. They can
use certain materials from biomass for the generation of
energy. That way, together we retrieve ever higher value
from the same biomass. With the scarcity in raw materials
this is very necessary.’
Koopman admits that it is a challenge to maintain the
momentum in the transition. ‘The paper industry is an
energy intensive sector and within the energy covenants we
have been doing everything we can to promote saving since
many years. We must ensure that companies continue to see
energy saving and sustainability as positive challenges.
A crucial element to this initiative is the Transition House
that steers the transition path. It works as a catalyst and
ensures that individual companies continue to participate,
also during times of economic headwind. For even though
we are doing a lot, there certainly still is a lot to be gained.
Therefore, we must continue to be active.
47
Making better use of biomass
Bio-refining is the ‘unravelling’ of green raw materials. A process that is central to
the bio-based economy, where petrochemical raw materials make place for
vegetable raw materials, i.e. biomass. This can be separated into, amongst others,
hydrocarbons, fibres, proteins, vitamins, colourings and flavourings. The
components can each have a separate application. Thus, biomass attains a much
higher economic value than when it is used in raw form. As such, the isolating of
valuable components from biomass is not new. Before the twentieth century,
virtually all materials were bio-based. And that still is the case for many materials,
such as starch glues, paper and rubber. In the bio-based economy there is a key role
for the agrofood sector and the paper industry. Indeed, they process a large part of
the biomass. A number of leading enterprises from these sectors decided to join
forces in the Dutch Biorefinery Cluster. This shares knowledge, skills, facilities and
means through open innovation. It wishes to move towards a bio-based economy
with great leaps. Partners are Royal Cosun, Avebe, FrieslandCampina, Courage, the
Agricultural Commodity Board and Royal VNP.
Gerrit Jan Koopman:
‘Recycling is more than
just reusing paper.’
48
Re
sults LTA
3
9LTA3 industrial sectorsresults
LTA1
LEE
LTA2 LTA31992 1998 2008
2009
49
LTA3 in
du
strial se
ctors re
sults
49
The Waste Water Treatment (District Water Boards) has
acceded to LTA in 2008. The number of participating water
boards is 24 (363 sewage treatment plants, 2000 pumping
stations). The water boards are one of the largest producers
of biogas products in the Netherlands. Most of the energy
goes into aerating the wastewater and draining sludge.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the water boards saved 125 TJ through 154 different
measures in the field of process efficiency. Chain efficiency
was realised through 18 measures with a saving of 100 TJ.
The sector is an important producer of biogas and, with 50
measures, it disposes over 2,131 TJ of own generation.
Additionally, the sector has taken 21 measures with a total
energy commitment of 4,721 TJ, which concern the
procurement of sustainable energy. Altogether, the sector
supplies 6,852 TJ of sustainable energy.
Sector development and 2011
Thanks to closer cooperation within the wastewater chain,
new opportunities are arising for energy reduction. In
coming years, in addition to large-scale production of
biogas and green gas, the recycling of raw materials is
becoming an important point of attention. These themes
also play an important role in the preliminary study and the
roadmap. In 2010, the water boards reached an accord on
climate with the Government. Amongst others, it includes
an agreement to become 40 per cent self-sufficient by 2020
through the production of sustainable energy. An Action
Programme has been started for that purpose. In 2011,
various water boards will make the first decisions on
investing in the realisation of so-called ‘energy factories’:
sewage treatment facilities that produce on balance more
(sustainable) energy than is needed for the treatment
process. This will be realised over the coming years. The
Union of Water Boards will conclude a Green Deal with the
Government about this in 2011.
The Asphalt industry acceded to LTA in 1995. The number of
participating companies is 43. Most of the energy (more
than 85 per cent) is needed for drying and heating raw
materials and asphalt granules.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 28 TJ through 19 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. Chain efficiency
is realised through 41 measures and saves 211 TJ. In 2010,
twenty-four companies took measures that led to the use of
219 TJ of sustainable energy. This consists of procuring
green electricity (215 TJ) and using bio-oil (4 TJ).
Sector development and 2011
There was a decline in the civil and hydraulic engineering
sector as well. This was mostly because of cutbacks in
expenditure by the main principal: the government. For
awarding, the sustainability aspect is a criterion in addition
to the price, and therefore energy efficiency is one as well.
In its ‘Sustainable Adventure’, Rijkswaterstaat (RWS) is
looking for collaboration with, amongst others, the asphalt
industry, in order to achieve its ambitious CO2 target: 50 per
cent reduction in five years. The asphalt sector completed
its preliminary study during the course of 2010. The
conclusion is that the actions emanating from the prelimi-
nary study connect well with the initiatives of the various
principals, such as RWS’ Sustainable Adventure mentioned
above.
Subjects such as participation in the Energy Trade System
(ETS) and the ‘Green Deal’ will be on the agenda in the
regular discussions with the government. It is expected that
the volume of production will decline somewhat, compared
to the level of 2010. The sector will also interpret the
conclusions of the preliminary study.
Asphalt industry
Waste Water Treatment (District Water Boards)
50
LTA3 in
du
strial se
ctors re
sults
The Chemical industry acceded to LTA in 1993. The number
of participating companies is 45 (63 facilities). The sector
supplies chemical products, such as intermediates,
speciality chemicals, consumer and performer products. In
2010, the results of 17 companies that switched in 2009
from the former Benchmarking Covenant to LTA3 have been
included in the reporting for the first time.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants carried out 203 different measures
in the area of process efficiency. These led to a total saving
of 906 TJ. In 2010, the participants have realised 60 new
chain measures for a saving of 61 TJ. At the end of 2010, the
total use of sustainable energy was 170 TJ. That makes the
proportion of sustainable energy 0.5 per cent of total energy
consumption. The use has declined by 275 TJ in 2010,
compared to 2009. The main reason is that a company has
ceased generating sustainable energy, for economic
reasons.
Sector development and 2011
For many companies in the sector, 2010 was a good year.
Although the Dutch chemical industry was affected by the
economic crisis, it has coped with it quite well. The
occupancy of production capacity has increased considera-
bly in 2010. This was accompanied by strong dynamics in
the raw materials and energy markets and a rising oil price.
The VNCI (Association of the Dutch Chemical Industry) gives
energy and climate high priority. Concretising the energy
covenants LTA and LEE are important projects for the VNCI.
The Fine ceramics industry acceded to LTA in 1994. The
number of participating companies is 6 (8 facilities). The
biggest consumers of energy are the furnaces and drying
houses.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 14 TJ through measures in
the area of process efficiency. The sector has not listed any
chain measures.
The total consumption of sustainable energy increased by
38 TJ, compared to 2009. The combined use of sustainable
energy by participating facilities compared to 2005 (302 TJ)
was 26 per cent of the sector’s total energy consumption in
2010. Green gas is not yet available to the sector.
Sector development and 2011
Because of the different markets that they sell to, the trends
are not unequivocal. The effects of the economic decline
varied a lot in 2010. For the entire construction chain, an
important buyer of tiles, 2010 was once again an economi-
cally very bad year. Those sales declined. Fireproof materials
and glazed pipes were sold internationally to an important
extent. For ornamental earthenware, tourism was again an
important factor in 2010. It remains difficult to gauge
developments for 2011 in the foreign markets for special
products. That also applies to the Dutch markets in the
building trade and tourism. The sector expects that the
building trade will show modest growth in 2011. It looks like
there may be further recovery in the building trade from
2012 onwards. Other markets are hoping for further
recovery in the near future. In 2011, the sector will further
elaborate the roadmap ‘Building ceramics’, together with
the coarse ceramics industry.
Fine ceramics industry Chemical industry
51
LTA3 in
du
strial se
ctors re
sults
The Foundries acceded to LTA in 1995. The number of
participating companies is 16 (18 facilities). Natural gas and
electricity are specifically needed for the melting furnaces. A
large quantity of coke has been used as well.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 42 TJ through 82 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. Only one new
measure has been realised in chain efficiency through a
change in distribution. Two measures were started in 2009
and have been continued in 2010. In 2010, the companies
have taken no measures in the field of sustainable energy.
Sector development and 2011
After the dramatic 2009, a cautious though fragile recovery
was seen in 2010. Reorganisations and the possibility of
applying part-time unemployment legislation avoided LTA
foundries having to wind down or close. In spite of the
improved market situation, the possibility of investing
proved to be unfeasible for most companies in 2010 as well.
The collaboration with the metallurgical sector in drawing
up a roadmap until 2030 has been positively received and
has in many companies fanned attention to energy
efficiency again.
In spite of the recovery of the production volume in 2010,
the sector remains only moderately positive for 2011. The
roadmap offers a number of starting points in the field of
energy, such as the ‘Low Pressure Sand Casting’ process,
also known as ‘Runnerless Casting’ (read more about this in
the interview on pg. Xx). The project has also been
submitted as part of the Green Deal initiative of the Ministry
of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation.
The Coarse ceramics industry acceded to LTA in 1993. The
number of participating companies is 14 (39 facilities). The
biggest consumers of energy are the furnaces and drying
houses, which account for about 70 per cent. Other
activities that require energy are preparing clay, pressing
and internal transportation.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 115 TJ through 39 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. In 2010, chain
efficiency has been fully realised within the product chain.
Total savings in the product chain were 1,044 TJ in 2010,
which is an improvement of 19 TJ compared to 2009. 552 TJ
worth of sustainable energy has been generated and
procured in 2010.
Sector development and 2011
For the building sector, 2010 was economically very bad:
1,083 million bricks were supplied. Sales of bricks for
cementing nosedived 15 per cent, compared to 2009. Sales
of bricks for road-laying fell by 6 per cent, compared to the
previous year. But sales of packets of machine-processable
bricks for road laying saw strong growth. There is a similar
trend for roof tiles as there is for bricks. In 2010, the sector
drew up a plan of approach for a roadmap until 2030. The
focus is on pioneering research into process innovation,
innovative product development and closing the raw
materials cycle.
The sector expects that the building sector will grow by 1 per
cent in 2011. That growth would come after a decline of 15
per cent. Therefore, the market would still remain below
the level of before the crisis. The industry wishes to save on
energy through effective changes in the production process
and by marketing multifunctional and energy-saving
ceramic products and systems.
Coarse ceramics industryFoundries
52
LTA3 in
du
strial se
ctors re
sults
The Information and Communication Technology (IT)
industry acceded to LTA in 2008. The number of participa-
ting companies is 32 (with hundreds of buildings and
thousands of installations). Telecom and data Centers
consume the most energy.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 659 TJ through 121 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. Chain efficiency
was realised through 18 measures with a saving of 152 TJ. In
2010, nine companies have procured a very large quantity of
green electricity (5.8 PJ). Four projects arranged their own
generation.
Sector development and 2011
The sector made a clear recovery in 2010 after a difficult
2009. The Dutch IT market saw total expenditure growing by
1.1 per cent to 29,400 million Euros. Precisely in the
software sector, where small and medium-sized companies
have a major share, growth is above average. The use of IT
by consumers and companies continues to grow, and with it
the total energy consumption, although per device it is
falling. There are good reasons for the theme of sustainabi-
lity being a major item on the agenda of IT companies. One
the one hand, this stems from a sense of responsibility for
reducing energy consumption themselves and on the other
hand, IT plays a crucial role in promoting sustainability in
other sectors. This is causing the IT sector to accelerate
innovation.
In 2011, the sector will start implementing the roadmap
project. Four themes have been identified that touch on the
sector in the broadest sense of the word: driving on
electricity / smart grids, accelerated innovation of the Top
Sector Energy, CO2-neutral IT sector and Reverse Logistics.
The Sand limestone and cellular concrete industry acceded
to LTA in 2004. The number of participating companies is 2
(10 facilities). Natural gas is needed for generating steam for
autoclaves: machines in which stones are hardened by
subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam.
Electricity is needed for processes like grinding, mixing,
pressing, sawing and internal transportation.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 44 TJ through 59 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. The participants
have saved 1 TJ in the chain in 2010 by optimising transpor-
tation. In 2010, there has been no procurement or own
generation of sustainable energy.
Sector development and 2011
2010 was a very bad year for the building chain. Production
in this sector fell by around 11 per cent, compared to 2009.
Installations have been used less intensively, which had a
negative effect on energy efficiency. Production is being
increasingly automated. That has a positive influence on
working conditions, but leads to more consumption of
electricity. The products have sustainable characteristics.
they have a very long useful economic life (120 years is
realistic) and can be almost entirely reused. This also saves
energy, which, however, is not eligible for inclusion in the
LTA result. The expectation is that the most important
market, the building sector, will show minimal growth in
2011. In spite of that minimal growth, after a decline of
more than 35 per cent since 2008, the sector remains below
the level of before the crisis. The sector expects that market
growth will resume after 2011.
Sand limestone and cellular concrete industry
Information and Communication Technology (IT)
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The refrigeration and cold storage industry acceded to LTA
in 1998. The number of participating companies is 67 (87
facilities). Most energy, around 85 per cent, is used for
engendering coldness. Fluctuation in total consumption is
a function of the total quantity of products that need to be
frozen and the occupancy rate of storage.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 81.1 TJ through 125 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. Energy saving in
the chain is difficult, because control is demand-driven.
Where opportunities arise, they are actively applied. The
sector has saved 7.0 TJ of sustainable energy, compared to
2009.
Sector development and 2011
Fragile recovery can be seen at the macro-economic level.
Energy management and product management are the most
important subjects. A monitoring project has been set up
with a view of gaining good insight into energy flows, into
keeping the product at the right temperature and into the
influence of logistics. Nekovri is aiming to develop
monitoring across the sector.
Entrepreneurs are facing big investments for phasing out
HCFCs and it is proving hard to make a good (sustainable)
choice for new installations. Nekrovi renders support with
that and hopes to convince more members to make the
switch to natural cold agents by emphasising the advanta-
ges. An analysis of the EEPs shows that the largest losses
occur through transmission and doors, considering the way
the cooling charge is distributed. Therefore, Nekrivi is
starting a project for mapping and greatly reducing losses of
energy. The preliminary study for a 2030 roadmap has been
concluded and seven performance areas have been
designated. They will be elaborated, amongst others, in the
Long-Term Plan. A commission within Nekrivi is concerned
with the ‘Future Vision 2020’.
The Metallurgical industry acceded to LTA in 1992. The
number of participating companies is 16 (20 facilities).
Natural gas is especially needed for furnace applications,
moulding processes like extrusion and rolling.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved more than 111 TJ through 30
different measures in the area of process efficiency.
Additionally, 19 measures from 2009 yielded a saving of
almost 11 TJ in 2010. In the chain, the participants have
taken 10 measures in the production chain. 295 TJ worth of
sustainable energy has been procured and consumed in
2010. No own sustainable energy has been generated.
Sector development and 2011
The production volume recovered in 2010. That has created
room for investments in energy efficiency. Thanks in part to
the attention to developing a roadmap until 2030, energy
efficiency is a major item on the agenda in most companies.
In spite of the growth in production volume, the sector is
not seeing any structural growth yet. Nevertheless, the
outlook for the future is moderately positive. In the field of
energy and energy measures, the sector draws a lot of trust
from the enthusiasm with which companies participated in
the roadmap project and from the results that it has yielded.
In addition to Long-Term Activities, such as a new iron
production process, in the short term improvements can be
made to existing furnaces. From the joint roadmap project
with the Foundries, the sector has submitted three projects
(Liquid Aluminium Transportation, Runnerless Casting and
Applying Sustainable Energy) in response to the call for
Green Deals by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture
and Innovation.
Metallurgical industry
Refrigeration and cold storage industry
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Buijs is proud of the metallurgical industry and the
foundries. Since he joined VNMI as director at the begin-
ning of 2010, he has noticed that, in spite of the crisis,
companies are making great efforts to become environmen-
tally friendlier: ‘We have participated in the LTA since the
1980s, we have never let down. Because of that effort over
many years, the low hanging fruit has already been plucked,
such as good housekeeping. For instance, not keeping the
lights on unnecessarily, no wasting of water. Then, more
decisive measures become necessary and there we have
been successful. There is a good reason that it is written in
our roadmap that in 2030 we want to use 50% less energy.’
Lighter carsHow can that be realised? Buijs: ‘The focus is on technical
innovation and on the consumption path of a product. If
we supply lighter steel to the automotive sector, cars will
become less heavy and will use less petrol. We may include
those effects in our own energy objectives. So, now we are
looking at what other products will our buyers make and
how do we supply them with the environmentally friend-
liest semifinished products?’ The sector is also developing
new techniques in cooperation with universities. Buijs:
‘Metal casting has been done in the same way for centuries
with the aid of a runner. Molten metal sticks to that runner
and has to be scraped off. Thanks to innovation, casting
without a runner is now possible, which does make a
difference. Another example is the stocking of aluminium
transport. Aluminium now goes into the lorries in a
coagulated state. The aluminium is molten before and after
transportation. Indeed, the metal is molten twice. That is
wastage of energy. Therefore, we are now looking for a way
to transport metals in molten state.
Green energyConverting to sustainable energy turns out to be hard. In
2009, the foundries achieved negative results on that score.
Buijs: ‘The crisis hit us fiercely in 2008. As a procyclic sector,
we had to endure the first hits. For the first time in
ninety-five years, Tatasteel had to bring a furnace to a
standstill. The use of sustainable energy fell back, because
our sector sells residual heat to green energy companies.
But if you process less steel, it is logical that also less
residual heat is released, hence the falling back.’ In that
context, the DAAN project (Duurzaam Arrangement
AkzoNobel en Nyrstar (Sustainable Arrangement AkzoNobel
and Nyrstar)) is an interesting solution. Buijs: ‘A number of
companies are in discussion with a supplier of energy about
a park with windmills, biomass energy and solar energy that
is to be constructed. If they procure energy from that
supplier over the next 20 years, the supplier can guarantee
green energy at a lower price. Because they expect that
sustainable energy will be cheaper in the future, the
supplier of energy can calculate that expectation into the
current price. Because the current price of sustainable
energy is still holding companies back from the transition.’
54
Roadmap highly required for remaining competitive
The Dutch metal sector was the first to finish its roadmap. Very
necessary, because the sector is under strong pressure. China and
India are throwing spanners in the works; raw materials, such as ore,
are becoming ever more expensive. ‘The roadmap helps us to remain
competitive through energy efficiency, chain measures and smarter
reuse of raw materials’, according to Frank Buijs, director of the
Vereniging Nederlandse Metallurgische Industrie (VNMI (Association
of Dutch Metallurgical Industries)).
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Roadmap ready first
The roadmap is an LTA3 instrument that supports a sector in laying down the plans
and ambitions with regard to energy efficiency until 2030. Buijs: ‘That the foundries
and the metallurgical industry have jointly made a roadmap is an important step.
The roadmap works like a lever. Because it is detailed, ambitious and directed at
the long term, it provides concrete steps and broadens our perspective in the
chain.’ Cross-sector projects are important for the sector. Buijs: ‘We should very
much like to find partners with whom we could share ideas and innovations.’ Better
cooperation in the manufacturing industry is indispensable if we wish to continue
to play a role on the international metals market.’
ChinaThe investments that the sector wants to make according to
the roadmap will cost money, but will also yield income.
Very necessary, because of the emergence of growth markets
such as China and India. Buijs: ‘No less than half of
worldwide steel production is in China. The battle for
primary raw materials such as ore is only intensifying.
Precisely for that reason, we must deal very efficiently with
secondary materials, such as metal.’ ‘Unfortunately, at the
moment a lot of scrap wastage is leaking abroad, such as
tins, mobile telephones and refrigerators. Telephones, for
example, contain metals that are worth a lot of money.
Because metal has the unique property that it can be
recycled infinitely. Producing a new tin costs one hundred
per cent energy, recycling the same tin costs a fraction of the
energy. Count your profits.’ For that reason, the roadmap
strongly focuses on the scrap flows. For example, the
recycling of steel from scrap leads to sixty per cent less
energy consumption (and CO2 emissions) compared to
making primary steel.
Emissions rightsThe reduction of CO
2 emissions is an important objective of
the roadmap. Buijs: ‘Europe puts a lot of emphasis on
reducing CO2 emissions. That means that either our sector
must invest still more in sustainable solutions or it will have
to purchase emission rights. Either way, it will cost money
to comply with the requirements. But it may not be at the
expense of your competitive position. Worldwide agree-
ments about CO2 emissions would therefore be the best
solution. Then, every country would have to play by the
same rules.
55
Frank Buijs: ‘The
roadmap works
like a lever.’
56
LTA3 in
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sults
The Oil and Gas production industry acceded to LTA in 1996.
The number of participating companies is 9. (Depletion)
compression consumes most of the energy by far: around
70 per cent of the total.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the sector carried out 7 new saving measures in the
areas of process efficiency and energy management. They
led to an extra saving of 386 TJ. In 2010, companies carried
out altogether 3 measures that led to a saving of 8.4 TJ in the
production chain in the Netherlands. In 2010, companies
generated with windmills.
Sector development and 2011
In 2010, production of natural gas from Dutch gas fields was
85,900 million m3. This is 10.4 per cent more than in 2009.
In 2010, a total of 1.26 million m3 of oil has been won, 19.1
per cent less than in 2009. In 2010, the average daily
production of oil was around 3,500 m3. In total, 58 borings
for oil and natural gas were carried out, six times more than
in 2009. In 2011, the sector will continue its energy saving
measures from 2010. Additionally, the EEPs 2011-2016 from
the various operators and the sector plan LTP 2011-2016 will
become available. An elaborate series of measures has been
carried out in LTA1 and LTA2, which is to a great extent
determinant for energy efficiency. But it leaves very little
room for complementary improvements during the LTA3
period. The redevelopment of the gas field in Groningen
and the oil field in Schoonebeek greatly determines future
energy consumption and energy efficiency of the sector.
The Surface treatment industry acceded to LTA in 1996. The
number of participating companies is 66 (66 facilities).
Natural gas is needed for heating process baths and the air
in drying installations. Electricity is mainly used for
galvanising and anodising, but also for supporting
processes.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 35.5 TJ through 156 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. Chain efficiency
has been fully realised within the product chain. Total
savings in the production chain were 43.3 TJ. In 2010, the
sector has procured 21.1 TJ worth of sustainable energy.
Sector development and 2011
In the surface treatment industry – and in industry in
general – there was growth in 2010. But it had different
effects on every subsector. The situation in the building
sector remains poor, while markets in the metal sector
show a slight recovery. The merger between the Dutch
Stichting Doelmatig Verzinken (SDV) and its Belgo-
Luxembourgish counterpart proGalva has, in 2010, led to
the official founding of the new professional association
Zinkinfo Benelux. The sector continues to pay attention to
process improvement and cost reduction. In addition to
improving energy efficiency in its own process, the sector
has elaborated the preliminary study in 2010. The focus here
is on extending useful economic life during the utilisation
stage and closing of the material chains. The expectation is
that the sector will show further growth in production in
2011. Whether profits will increase also depends on a
number of other factors. For instance, the increase in prices
for raw materials, which is already being seen.
Surface treatment industry
Oil and Gas production industry
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The Other Industry acceded to LTA in 2002. The number of
participating companies is 35 (79 facilities). The proportion
of energy costs of the turnover varies a lot because of the
heterogeneity of the companies. There are very large
consumers of energy and also small ones, including
especially small and medium-sized businesses.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 499 TJ through 455 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. 32 chain
efficiency measures have been carried out in 2010 in the
entire production life cycle. They led to a saving of 1,377 TJ.
In the production chain, 130 TJ has been saved through 19
measures. Compared to 2005, in 2010 a total of 80 measures
have been taken in the field of sustainable energy. That has
yielded total savings of 5,422 TJ.
Sector development and 2011
After a deep trough, the theme of 2010 was economic
recovery. The technological manufacturing industry in
particular saw very big reductions in turnover in 2009. 2010
is exhibiting faster recovery than anticipated, but the sector
is certainly not yet back at the level of 2008. Growth in 2010
stemmed mainly from exports. Because of its heterogeneity,
it is not possible to paint a unified economic picture of the
other sectors. The recovery in the technological manufactu-
ring industry strongly advanced in the beginning of 2011. It
is expected that the growth will slow down to normal levels
by the end of 2011 or the beginning of 2012. Just as in 2010,
the recovery can be explained by an increase in exports of
around 20 per cent per year. It is expected that the manufac-
turing industry can regain the level of 2008 by the begin-
ning of 2012.
The Rubber and Plastics Industry acceded to LTA in 1998. The
number of participating facilities is 94. The main energy
consuming processes in the plastics industry are injection
moulding and extrusion and in the rubber industry the
mixing of raw materials, rolling, extrusion and vulcanising.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 208 TJ through 232 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. In 2010, the
participants have realised 110 new chain measures for a
saving of 460 TJ. At the end of 2010, the total use of
sustainable energy was 8 TJ, 0.1 per cent of total energy
consumption.
Sector development and 2011
Because of an unexpectedly strong economic recovery, the
occupancy of production capacity rose strongly in 2010.
Prices for raw materials also increased forcefully because of
the high price of oil and the recovering world economy. It is
resulting in long delivery periods and physical shortages of
raw materials and additives. The fast and strong rising of
prices for raw materials also eats into the margins and
profitability of the companies. The sector is retaining its
positive image and focus on innovation. Within the sector,
sustainability receives a lot of attention as well. Lighter
construction materials for the building of residential
properties and means of transportation come to mind.
There is also an increasing focus on making products that
can be used again at the end of their useful economic life.
They could serve as feed stock or as raw material for a
different application. By using and applying bio-based raw
materials, the sector is making a prominent contribution to
the Bio-based Economy.
Rubber and Plastics IndustryOther Industry
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Stegers was already interested in technology and energy at a
young age. Therefore he opted for studies in energy science.
After having worked for some time as a boiler designer, he
made the switch to energy management. He has been in
that position at DAF Trucks for seven years now. ‘When it
comes to energy management, DAF is one of the leading
companies in the Netherlands,’ says Stegers. ‘The role of
energy manager has been in existence here for about as
long as the Long-Term Agreements. My tasks? I follow the
LTA, draw up energy plans and make sure that we imple-
ment the emanating obligations as favourably as possible.
I am a one-man department, but work closely with the
mechanical engineers and electrical engineers in the
company. In addition, I closely follow developments in the
field of energy saving. For example, through projects of the
LTA programme.’
Showing energy savingsAccording to Stegers, lorries cannot so easily be built more
energy-efficiently. ‘Take the processing of the cylinder
block. Drilling and milling of this cast iron product can only
be done in one way and simply happens to require a certain
amount of energy. It is virtually impossible to make those
processes more energy efficient. Benefit can particularly be
derived from implementing secondary processes more
smartly. When working on cylinder blocks, heat is released.
For example, it is possible to save by cooling the coolant
differently. We have already gained a lot with that kind of
measures.’ Stegers is trying to integrate energy management
ever better into the operational processes. To achieve that,
he continuously propagates the energy policy at all levels of
the company. This is not an easy task: DAF Trucks has more
than 5000 staff.
‘It is logical that not everyone knows exactly what I am
doing. I make myself as visible as possible. Amongst others,
by drawing up weekly reports, by sitting in at meetings, by
writing articles for our magazine and by training staff.
Colleagues know where to find me more and more easily. As
energy manager, I try to show what fruit the measures bear.
For when you show the profits, people are ready to make
the effort.
Sixty year old shop floorsAnd benefits can certainly still be derived at DAF Trucks,
where some buildings are sixty years old. ‘We should very
much like to renovate a number of the shop floors: other
lighting, better insulation.’ The economic crisis gave Stegers
the chance to map energy saving even better. ‘Whole
departments were lying idle for want of work. We then
started switching off machines that were always on.
Suddenly, a lot of hidden energy saving came to the fore.
It made the management aware of how much there still is
to be gained.’
58
Energy Management
at DAF Trucks
Energy management helps companies control energy
consumption. This is the responsibility of Ronald Stegers at
DAF Trucks. As full time energy manager, he continuously
implements energy policy at all levels of the company.
‘Small steps together provide big savings.’
‘Thanks to the crisis, hidden energy
consumption was revealed’
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sults
‘Now, for example, we are focusing on beneficially reusing
residual heat and hope to begin in 2012’, Stegers said. ‘With
that, we would achieve another improvement in energy
efficiency of about two and a half per cent per year. So we
always take small steps that add up to big savings.’ Stegers
hopes that ISO 50001, the new global standard for energy
management, leads to faster and bigger steps being taken.
Hybrid lorryStegers himself is mainly concerned with energy efficiency
in the business operations themselves. But DAF Trucks and
the American parent company Paccar are committed to
savings in the entire chain, even when it comes to the
consumption of the end product: the lorry. ‘If, for example,
we make lighter parts, fuel consumption will decrease.
We may include that too in our energy performance.
And particularly: DAF has now developed a hybrid lorry.
Depending on the input, a reduction in fuel consumption
and therefore of CO2 emissions of up to 20 per cent is
realised. Such developments are not directly related to my
responsibilities, but they are important for my work.
Indeed, the more DAF and Paccar have their eyes on saving,
the stronger the basis will be for good energy management.’
European and global standards for energy management
In the Netherlands, the LTA agreement endorses the importance of good energy
management: the participating companies are required to support these efforts.
But at the European and global level as well, there is more attention to energy
management in recent years. For example, the European Union introduced EN
16001 in 2009. And since June 2011, there is an international standard: ISO 50001.
These international standards increase the market value of good energy
management. LTA companies can implement the European and global standards
quite easily. Because together with sister organisations in other countries, Agency
NL ensured that they largely correspond to the requirements that LTA imposes on
energy management. That way, LTA companies achieve a stronger international
competitive position in terms of sustainability.
Ronald Stegers: ‘It is
quite extraordinary
that DAF has now
developed a hybrid
lorry’
59
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The Tank storage companies acceded to LTA in 2002. The
number of participating companies is 8 (18 facilities).
Electricity is especially consumed by the actuation of pumps
and utilitarian facilities.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 89.2 TJ through 137 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. Energy saving in
the chain was realised in 2010 by one of the participants: it
procured residual heat from a neighbouring company for
the benefit of its own operations. This measure has not (yet)
been quantified for the year under review. In the area of
sustainable energy, photovoltaic generation of energy has
led to a saving in the use of fossil fuels of 0.1 TJ.
Sector development and 2011
The market for bio fuels for transportation purposes was
developing sluggishly. This was due to uncertainties about
EU regulations on stimulating the use of this form of
sustainable energy. Growth continued in the storage of oil
products. The demand for storage of chemical products is
back at the level of a few years ago, thanks to the market for
such products picking up worldwide. The result of those
developments is that existing tank storage companies are
significantly expanding their capacity. The sector set the first
steps in the direction of changing the demand toward
sustainable heat and electricity. Feasibility studies and test
projects will provide the necessary building blocks. Those
sector developments will persevere in 2011. A lot of new
storage capacity, with planned completion in 2011, will be
built in accordance with the latest technological standards,
from an energetic point of view. New participants and
accessions to LTA3 are expected as well.
The Carpet industry acceded to LTA in 2001. The number of
participating companies is 13 (14 facilities). In the carpet
industry, most of the energy is needed for dying (27 per
cent) and fitting the back of the carpet backing (39 per cent).
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 32.7 TJ through 63 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. In 2010, 14 chain
efficiency projects have yielded a saving of 54 TJ. The carpet
industry procures mainly sustainable energy. Compared to
2005, that gave a total saving of 98.5 TJ.
Sector development and 2011
Margins came under further pressure in 2010. But some
market segments are recovering cautiously, especially
equipping for projects by offices and institutions. The
residential market for home furbishing is still holding back.
When setting out towards the roadmap Carpet 2030, the
sector drew up a vision document that puts sustainability at
the core and links it to product innovation and process
innovation. In the shorter term, the first ideas and
developments in the area of carpet recycling are especially
important. The carpet markets will probably do broadly
better in 2011. When the markets for new properties and
house moving recover, the results for the residential carpets
market in the Netherlands will improve too. A complete
recovery to the level of (before) 2008 is likely to take a few
more years. Short-term spin-offs of the roadmap activities
may well support further recovery of the markets. Market
exploration within the framework of the roadmap shows
many possibilities for saving energy. But the high cost of
raw materials and the low margins remain of concern to
productivity and investment possibilities.
Carpet industryTank storage companies
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The Textile industry acceded to LTA in 2001. The number of
participating companies is 21 (23 facilities). The sector offers
very diverse products. Moreover, there is increasing
specialisation.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 20 TJ through different
measures in the area of process efficiency. With 13 projects,
chain efficiency has yielded savings of 15 TJ in the produc-
tion chain. Sustainable energy was realised by procurement
of sustainable electricity and yielded 35 TJ.
Sector development and 2011
The Textile industry is highly specialised. It is mostly active
in niche markets with products that are given certain
properties through specific treatment. Those treatments
often require extra consumption of energy. Through
participation in innovation projects like Plasmatreat,
Hybritex and the IPC arrangement, there is a specific search
for possibilities of saving energy. The specially developed
ECO tool offers companies of the sector the possibility of
finding opportunities for saving energy. The sector is also
involved with, amongst others, Jeans for Jeans, Texperium
and the raw materials roundabout (under establishment).
In 2011, the sector will work hard on a Plan of Approach for
the Roadmap. When the actual roadmap is actually being
drawn up, making the sector more sustainable, amongst
others through saving energy, will receive attention.
In 2010, there has been good progress in production.
Expectations for 2011 are still uncertain. A development of
concern is the strong increase in prices for raw materials.
Practice teaches that those increases often cannot be
directly passed on, which has a negative influence on profit
margins. That particularly affects the level of investments.
The Textile service companies acceded to LTA in 2001. The
number of participating companies is 16 (55 facilities). Most
of the natural gas is needed for generating electricity and for
drying appliances.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 41.7 TJ through 89 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. The participants
have saved 10.4 TJ through projects in the production chain.
In the product chain, they have saved 26.5 TJ. In 2010, the
textile service sector has used a total of 43.9 TJ worth of
sustainable energy.
Sector development and 2011
The economic crisis also touched the textile service sector.
2010 has shown sluggish recovery. Competition and
pressure on prices has increased, suppressing margins. That
puts restrictions on the room for investment. Expansion
and further specialisation are ongoing.
The textile service sector expects moderate economic
recovery for 2011. Uncertain political and economic
developments will have a negative effect on raw materials
globally. The LTP and EEP targets will nonetheless stand and
are expected to yield above average results once again in
2011. That would be mainly thanks to process-oriented
projects like Producing on Low Energy, Energy Balance,
Cycle and Wet Wash Process Improvement. After the sector
completed a preliminary study in 2010 that has been
approved by the ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture
and Innovation, the sector continued in 2011 with drawing
up a Roadmap 2030 for Textile Service. In 2011, it will result
in a strategic research and innovation agenda for the sector.
It will mainly focus on intensive collaboration between
chains, amongst others with textile and various other
relevant sectors. The new concepts for products and the
provision of services will offer added value.
Textile service companiesTextile industry
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‘Our family business exists since fifty years and we do many
things on the basis of proven success. It is very useful to see
whether certain worn patterns can be done differently and
better.’ These are the words of Arie van de Put. Together
with his brothers Wim and Jan, he is running the Cooling
and cold storage warehouse Lintelo. Nekrovi has had
research done into the feasibility of an energy monitoring
system at this company in the Achterhoek. It is the first step
towards a tool that the sector association wants to develop
for all its members. Companies will be able to use that to
chart their energy housekeeping themselves, to determine
where savings are possible and thereby achieve their energy
efficiency objectives more easily.
Every cold storage warehouse is unique.Such a monitoring tool is useful, because every cooling and
cold storage warehouse is unique. ‘To to put the energy
housekeeping of two companies from the sector next to
each other is like comparing apples to pears’, Van de Put
explains. ‘For example, it makes a big difference how old
the building and the machines are. And also the kind of
products that the company freezes and cools. For example,
freezing beef costs more energy than freezing pork.
Therefore, if you want to know where in your company
most of the energy goes, measuring becomes necessary.’
Cooling and cold storage warehouse Lintelo has three
locations in the eastern Netherlands and is specialised in
storing meat, butter and cheese. ‘We can freeze as well as
cool off products’, Van de Put says. ‘Many kinds of processes
are possible. Sometimes the goods are already frozen when
they reach us, sometimes they are not. We deliver them
back frozen or we bring them to the right temperature for
further processing. Think of butter for bakers and biscuit
factories, for example. And we can also label or unpack
products.’
Result onlineThanks to a wireless network of smart sensors (see box),
Lintelo gets information about, amongst others, tempera-
ture, voltage and consumption of electricity. All results from
measuring may be consulted through online graphs. Van de
Put: ‘For example, then it becomes clear how the tempera-
ture evolves in the frost tunnel, how much electricity the
various compressors consume and what the influence of the
ambient temperature is.’ The next step is translating these
insights into opportunities for saving. ‘For example, there
are 10 ventilators in the cooling system’ Van de Put explains.
‘Right now, either all of them run or none of them run.
Perhaps it is possible to let two of them run and eight of
them not. We also now know which frost tunnels consume
the most energy. Then we may, perhaps, switch those off
62
Saving thanks to
smart sensors
Energy is a major cost item for cooling and cold storage
companies. So it is not strange that the sector already does a lot
to achieve savings. In order to reduce energy consumption even
further, the sector association Nekovri has arranged for a pilot to
be conducted at the Lintelo cooling and cold storage warehouse.
An investigation was made whether more energy can be saved
with smart sensors.
‘Energy is a huge cost item. It is
logical that we deal with it as
efficiently as possible.’
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The pilot
The feasibility of an energy monitoring system was tested with a prototype.
Location of the pilot: the Lichtenvoorde location of Cooling and cold storage
warehouse Lintelo, with 205,000 m3 of storage capacity divided over eight cooling
cells. IT company Ovis Telematics installed a wireless network of smart sensors
here. They measure a variety of factors, such as electricity, temperature, light and
voltage. Veld Koeltechniek (Veld Cooling Technology) that has a lot of knowledge as
a supplier of cooling installations thought along about which sensors could
measure what and where best. The results may be consulted through online
graphs, with concomitant software. The tool turns out to be scalable and flexible
and various kinds of sensors may be added. Moreover, it turns out that the sensors
can be configured remotely. And not unimportant: the network could be installed
simply and quickly.
first during slack periods. And insulation is important too.
We might be able to cover the black roof with white
tarpaulin so that it will absorb less heat.’
Recouping in one or two yearsLintelo has the costs and benefits of possible measures
calculated by Veld Koeltechniek. ‘We make adjustments if
the investment is not too high’, Van de Put stresses.
‘Obviously, we prefer to be able to earn them back within
one to two years. And if we do have to replace a machine or
have a new one built, we can immediately implement big
measures. “ Van de Put emphasised that cooling and cold
storage companies generally do a lot to save energy. ‘Energy
is a huge cost item. It is logical that we deal with it as
efficiently as possible. For instance, all our doors close
automatically, so as to minimise the influence of the
ambient temperature as much as possible. And, for
example, we also look at the possibilities of LED lighting,
even though the gains of that are too uncertain for real
application. Look, in the beginning one can achieve the
biggest wins in terms of energy saving. After that, it
becomes more difficult. The monitoring system helps in
discovering what is still to be gained.’
Developing a usable toolNow that the pilot shows that a monitoring system is
technically and financially feasible, the sector association
Nekovri will set up a subsequent project. A usable tool
should then be developed that the entire sector can use to
save energy. Nekovri will do this in cooperation with its
members, installation experts and IT consultants and with
support of the LTA program. The development path will take
about a year and a half. ‘Energy consumption can then be
looked at in even more detail, such as the time needed to
freeze specific products’, says van de Put. ‘In any case, the
results from the pilot provide a strong basis for this sequel.’
63
Arie van de Put: ‘It is
useful to see whether
worn patterns can be
done differently’
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10LTA3 Food and Beverage industry results
LTA1
LEE
LTA2 LTA31992 1998 2008
2009
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The Potato processing acceded to LTA in 1996. The number
of participating companies is 7 (15 facilities). The major
thermal processes (use of gas) are blanching, drying,
peeling and frying. Electricity is mainly used for cooling,
freezing and the packaging lines. The quality of the
harvested potato (depending on the harvest) has great
influence on the consumption of energy in the handling
process.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, companies saved 326 TJ through 70 different
measures in the area of process efficiency and energy
management. In total, the participants took 15 chain
measures that led to a saving of 94 TJ, compared to 2005.
This represents a slight decrease of 40 TJ compared to 2009.
The use of sustainable energy by participating companies is
around 308 TJ in 2010. That is 119 PJ more than in 2009.
Sector development and 2011
The most important points of attention are preservation of
the growing of potatoes for consumption in the
Netherlands and sustainability, in addition to themes like
health and an integral approach to chains. Various
investments contribute to innovations in processes,
products and sustainability. That way, the Dutch potato
processing industry continues to belong to the top ones in
the world. In order to maintain the competitive position in
Europe, the cultivation of potatoes for consumption must
also maintain its position in the long term. That requires
sufficient agricultural land that is supplied with sufficient
fresh water. Sustainability remains the core theme in the
processing of potatoes for consumption. Realising value
out of residual products requires investments and innova-
tion. It receives attention in the thematic roadmap
‘Realising value out of residual products in the potato
processing industry’. That is also a contribution to the
Bio-based Economy.
The Cocoa processing industry acceded to LTA in 2006. The
number of participating companies is 3 (6 facilities). Total
energy consumption by participating companies in the
sector has increased by 136 TJ (6.2 per cent) to 2,246 TJ. The
participating facilities have not reported the use of
sustainable energy.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants have implemented 29 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. These have led to
a saving of 24.8 PJ. Since 2005, participants are realising
chain efficiency by reprocessing cocoa pods, which has
yielded a saving of 70.4 TJ (compared to 2005).
The sector has neither generated sustainable energy in 2010,
nor procured green electricity.
Sector development and 2011
Compared to the previous year, the quality of the cocoa
bean has remained more or less the same. The quality of the
bean is a point that receives continuous attention. The
scope of bean processing has shown an increase in 2010,
compared to previous years. Through tightened legislation
and regulation in the area of the emission of odours, more
energy will be used to reduce it. The year 2011 will be the
one in which solutions are sought for this. The participants
will investigate how reduction can be achieved as energy-
efficiently as possible.
Cocoa processing industry
Potato processing industry
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This industry acceded to LTA in 2009. The number of
participating companies is 5 (8 facilities). Energy is used the
most for the production of packaging materials and for
cooling the product during several stages in the chain.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 27 TJ through 36 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. Chain efficiency
has been realised through twelve measures that yielded a
saving of 145 TJ. The sector does not formulate any measures
about sustainable energy for the period 2009 - 2012. One
company procured 238 TJ worth of green electricity.
Sector development and 2011
The figures for all product groups were once again positive
in 2009. Packaging and the developments in this respect
were important themes for discussion in 2010, because of
the consumption of energy but mainly because of (re)using
materials. This year, decisions in the field of packaging have
direct influence on energy efficiency for the participants and
in the chain. Nevertheless, there have also been some
impeding developments. Demand for smaller packaging is
increasing in the market, leading to more occurrences of
filling packages and consequently a greater need of energy
per litre. Because of increasingly frequent changes of
products on the packaging lines and a different way of
managing stock, there are big losses from standing still and
loss of process and energy efficiency. In 2011, the sector will
draw up a broader agenda and strategy for sustainability. On
that basis, the new agenda and strategy for sustainability
and the challenges for the coming years will be recorded. It
appears from the preliminary study and the EEPs that chain
projects have interesting savings potential.Chain stockta-
king will start in 2011.
This industry acceded to LTA in 1993. The number of
participating companies is 20 (23 facilities). Various
methods to make fruit and vegetables more sustainable are
reasons the energy consumption varies a lot in the sector.
Furthermore, in addition to weather conditions and a
continuously changing range of products, the quality of raw
materials, environmental requirements, labour conditions
legislation and improved product quality have a big
influence on energy consumption.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, companies saved 62 TJ in total through 39 different
measures in the area of process efficiency and energy
management. The companies carried out 13 measures
altogether that led to a saving of 68 TJ in the production
chain in the Netherlands. The use of sustainable energy by
participating companies is around 79 TJ. In 2010 three
measures for sustainable energy were carried out.
Sector development and 2011
Because of poor climatological conditions, part of the
products was unfit for processing: on average, 10 to 15 per
cent less has been processed. Because of overcapacity in the
processing industry, factories have closed in Belgium and
Germany. Stronger competition on prices has also made
take-over candidates of Dutch companies and led to a
concentration trend in the Dutch industry. Meanwhile, the
sector has realised more than 85 per cent of the LTP target.
Together, the participating facilities saved 236 TJ worth of
primary energy in the years 2009 and 2010. The most
important trends and developments in the sector are
more added value/innovation, availability of raw materials,
fewer but therefore larger (retail) customers, consolidation
within the industry and increasing pressure of regulations.
VIGEF (Association of Dutch Fruit and Vegetable Processing
Industry) continues to promote innovation, health,
responsible body weight, securing supply of raw materials
and creating equal competition opportunities in Europe.
Vegetable and fruit processing industry
Soft Drinks, Waters and Juices
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The Coffee roasting industry acceded to LTA in 2001. The
number of participating companies is 9 (10 facilities). The
major thermal processes (with gas) are coffee roasting,
after-burning for combatting odours and generating steam
for the preparation of liquids. The major consumers of
electricity are packaging lines, fans and cooling for
freeze-drying.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 14.5 TJ through 25 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. The chain
efficiency (6.8 TJ) has been largely realised by optimising
distribution and by saving on materials. The sector procured
17.2 TJ worth of green electricity and green gas. The use of
biogas and coffee grounds was 102 TJ.
Sector development and 2011
Consumers want to get a fresh cup of coffee quickly and
easily, which leads to an increase in methods of making one
cup. Diversity within the product category is increasing as
well. In addition to introducing innovative and tasty
products, the Dutch coffee sector plays a leading role in
making its products, production processes and trade
relations more sustainable. In 2010, the sector signed a
declaration of intent with the concrete target of making the
coffee chain more sustainable. The KNVKT (Royal Dutch
Association for Coffee and Tea) has the aim that by 2015,
three quarters of all coffee that is sold and drunk in the
Dutch market, will have been certified as sustainable.
During the preliminary study, the coffee sector has
identified the themes with highest priority in the field of
energy efficiency: reusing organic residual flows, efficiently
roasting coffee and efficiently making coffee. Within the
framework of the declaration of intent (and the LTA3
objectives), the coffee sector will look more closely at the
identified themes.
These industries acceded to LTA in 1993. The number of
participating companies is 12 (17 facilities). The vast majority
of energy is needed for the production of raw edible oils
from oleiferous raw materials, crushing (seeds and beans)
and refining oil. For the production of margarine and
sauces and the processing of animal fats, a relatively smaller
portion of energy is needed.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the companies carried out a total of 68 measures in
the area of process efficiency and energy management.
These led to a saving of 264 TJ. In 2010, the companies
carried out 8 measures altogether that led to a saving of 12
TJ in the production chain in the Netherlands. In 2010, the
sector has taken no new measures in the field of sustainabi-
lity energy.
Sector development and 2011
Compared to 2009, the processing of oilseeds rose slightly
by 1.3 per cent in 2010. The processing of rapeseed rose by 15
per cent and 18 per cent fewer sunflower seeds are proces-
sed, compared to the previous year. The Dutch production
of raw vegetable oils has risen by 1.5 per cent. The produc-
tion of rapeseed oil has risen in 2010 at the expense of
sunflower oil. The Dutch production of molten animal fats
has risen by 0.5 per cent. The production of margarine has
risen by 16 per cent and the production of low-fat margarine
has fallen by 12 per cent. The production of edible fats
remained stable. The import value as well as export value of
socially responsible products has slightly risen in 2010
compared to 2009, as a result of increasing pricing that
commenced in 2009 and is continuing.
Margarine, Fats and Oils industry
Coffee roasting industry
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What does a RUD do?Marcel Rietberg, head of the Permits and Notifications
department: ‘A RUD assumes in a given region tasks of
municipalities and the province in the fields of licensing,
supervision and enforcement. That avoids fragmentation, is
more efficient and more straightforward for citizens and
authorities. This new approach also improves the quality of
the services. Because of its scale, a RUD can bundle a lot of
specialist knowledge together.’
How have you organised that in South-Holland South?
‘In January of 2011, the Environment service South-Holland
South started: the first official RUD in the Netherlands. 25
RUDs in total are planned in the Netherlands. We prefer to
call ourselves ‘environmental service’, because in a RUD the
municipalities continue to carry out a number of tasks
themselves. We carry out all municipal environmental
service oriented tasks for the 19 municipalities in the Drecht
Cities, Alblasserwaard / Vijfheerenlanden and the Hoeksche
Waard. And from the municipality of Dordrecht we have a
mandate to carry out tasks in the fields of building
regulations and fire safety. In addition, we carry out the
environmental part of the Wabo tasks for the region.’
What will change for companies?‘There is now one window for permits for the physical living
environment and for advice. In principle, nothing changes
in respect of testing. But because everything comes together
with us, we can proactively think along. And link matters
together: for example, for building permits we can already
take the energy standards into consideration. Then we
might advise the company to already insulate walls in order
to save energy, for example.’
Why is it important to make it more professional?‘Environmental rules and legislation are becoming more
complex all the time. In order to guarantee a good balance
between business and environment, you must be very
knowledgeable. Then, you can be clear about what you are
doing and be a sound partner in the discussion. Companies
are not against the government and rules, but they do
expect professionalism.’
What are your tasks around the LTA?‘As an environmental service, we assess the energy efficiency
plans of the LTA3 companies in our area. We monitor
whether they abide by the agreements that have been made
and discuss what opportunities for saving they are passing
over. Because we know what is happening in the region, we
can properly advise on this. Especially when it comes to
supply chain efficiency, because we can link companies in
the region together. For example, the municipality of
to participate. In addition, in due course we will be able to
attune our policies to those of other RUDs. Because the LTA
must be tested and abided by in the same manner all over
the Netherlands. With 500 municipalities, it was more
difficult to organise in the past.’
68
Efficient mode of operation
competent authorities improve services
Companies are also having to deal with ever more complex legislation
and regulations in respect of energy and the environment. The govern-
ment plans to streamline the services and make them more professio-
nal. The means for that are the General stipulations on environmental
law act (Wet algemene bepalingen omgevingsrecht (Wabo)) and the
Regional Implementation Services (Regionale Uitvoeringsdiensten
(RUDs)), also called ‘environmental services’. Marcel Rietberg of the
environmental service for South-Holland South and Daniël Broer of the
municipality of Hengelo recount.
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The role of the competent authority in LTA3
As Competent Authority for the Environmental Management Act, the provinces and
municipalities and now also the environmental services asses the Energy efficiency
plans (EEPs) of LTA companies that are located within their boundaries. EEPs play a
major role in the LTA3. Participating companies draw up such a plan every four
years, in which they indicate with what measures they will achieve energy efficiency
improvement. When granting and enforcing the permit, the provinces and
municipalities are dealing with the energy consumption of these companies.
This enables them to think along and to render advice.
What is the Wabo?Daniël Broer, Permits process manager: ‘In the Wabo,
25 approval schemes for, amongst others, construction,
housing, nature and the environment are merged into one
environmental permit. Since October of 2010 there is one
desk, one application and one decision. It means fewer
burdens on citizens, businesses and the government. And,
often, shorter procedures. Usually, the municipality is the
competent authority for handling it. For some business
activities, it is the province or the ministry of EA & I. For
example, if, in the past, you wanted to build a company for
waste processing, the municipality dealt with the building
permit and the province with the environmental permit.
Now, the province is the competent authority for such
companies for the entire application. As municipalities,
we then advise the province on the building component.
In order to reach a single decision, we still need to collabo-
rate better behind the scenes.’
How did you tackle this in Hengelo?‘Applications come to us via the national website www.
omgevingsloket.nl. We allotted a lot of time to the proper
handling of digital applications. We work with the same
team as before, from the same location, but now as much as
possible digitally: by now, we are dealing digitally with 95
per cent of all applications. It’s faster, obviates printing and
therefore saves paper. Furthermore, we invest heavily in
preliminary consultations with businesses. We no longer
have an information desk, but companies can always pass
by on appointment.’
What do companies in Hengelo notice of the Wabo?‘On average, the supervision framework remains the same.
But the application is processed faster and more easily. For
example, a company that wants to build something
previously might have had to apply for several permits: for
example for demolition, cutting trees and building. Now
that can all be handled in one application, electronically.
Because everything comes together in one place and is dealt
with in one procedure, we can avoid conflicting decisions.
What do LTA3 companies notice of the Wabo?Because the testing frameworks remain unchanged, LTA3
companies as such notice little. But as competent authority
we do assess the energy efficiency plans of LTA3 companies
in Hengelo and we are aware of the emanating measures.
For example, if they apply for an environmental permit, we
will see whether it is consistent with the obligations under
these plans. Where necessary, we can render advice.’
69
Marcel Rietberg (left)
and Daniël Broer: ‘In
case of permissioning
paths, we can think
along about energy
standards’
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The flour manufacturers acceded to LTA in 2008. The
number of participating companies is 4 (7 facilities). Most
of the electricity is needed for the grinding process. The
remainder of the consumption is natural gas (20 per cent).
In 2010, production fell by 11 per cent compared to the
reference year 2005, which has an unfavourable effect on
improving energy efficiency.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 8 TJ through 21 process
efficiency measures. Chain efficiency has led to a saving of
6.1 TJ. That has almost realised the ambition set for chain
efficiency (6.3 TJ in 2012). The sector has procured 30.3 TJ
worth of sustainable energy.
Sector development and 2011
In 2010, we saw the same developments as in previous
years. Shortage of machinery still poses a heavy burden.
Reasons are the reigning overcapacity and decreased exports
to countries outside the EU. Drought in Europe and Russia
has caused supply of grain on world markets to fall
significantly and prices have risen significantly. Not being
able to fully pass on costs to buyers contributes to the
savings rate, as given in the LTP, being hard to achieve. At
the same time, the sector association is in talks with
another related sector association, with a view to merging
into one sector association in 2011.
It is expected that global economic developments will cause
production to fall further, which will have an unfavourable
impact on improving energy efficiency. The restructuring of
production locations will also have negative influence on
improving energy efficiency over the coming years.
The industry acceded to LTA in 2002. The number of
participating companies is 37 (55 facilities). Electricity forms
a large part of the total consumption of energy because of
the use of cooling and electrical actuators in the sector.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 91 TJ through 160 different
process efficiency measures. Chain efficiency (134 TJ) has
been realised to a large extent by reusing organic waste
flows and to a lesser extent by the optimisation of distribu-
tion. The target for chain efficiency (39.5 TJ in 2012) has
been amply reached in 2010. The sector procured 100.6 TJ of
green electricity. Total use of sustainable energy in
comparison to 2009 was 171 TJ. The target (133.5 TJ in 2012)
has thus been amply reached.
Sector development and 2011
Within the meat processing industry, the number of
companies has fallen again and the volume and consump-
tion of energy per LTA participant has increased. Prices of
raw materials are rising and fodder is becoming more
expensive. That causes the cost price of cattle and meat to
rise. Price pressure from the buyer’s side is increasing too,
leading again to a high level of competition within the meat
sector. Scale growth may offer more counterweight to large
buyers and accommodate extra investments. But the
community is imposing ever higher demands with regard to
investing in the environment, animal welfare, food safety
and slaughtering methods. That is giving chain concepts
with a focus on animal welfare and/or the environment and
energy, such as biological meat, an ever-larger market
share.
In 2011, the meat processing industry will carry out the plan
of approach of the Meat roadmap.
Meat processing industry
Flour manufacturers
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The dairy industry acceded to LTA in 1994. The number of
participating companies is 20 (52 facilities). The most
energy-intensive processing steps in the dairy and cheese
melting industry are removing water through evaporation
and drying and the pasteurisation and sterilisation of milk
that serves as raw material for other products. Cooling and
cleaning requires a lot of energy as well.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the companies saved 477 TJ through 256 different
measures in the area of process efficiency and energy
management. In 2010, the companies carried out altogether
15 measures that led to a saving of 435 TJ in the entire chain.
23 measures that have been carried out have led to the use
of 1,150 TJ worth of sustainable energy. That use has been
entirely realised by procuring green electricity.
Sector development and 2011
Partly thanks to high prices, the production value of the
dairy industry has risen in 2010 by 16 per cent. In 2010, the
dairy industry has drawn up a new Long-Term Energy Plan
2009-2012. The industry is expecting to achieve energy
efficiency of 11 per cent, 3 per cent above the effort required
by LTA3. Meanwhile, the dairy industry has realised more
than 95 per cent of the LTA3 target. In the Sustainable Dairy
Chain Initiative, a Breakthrough Agenda has been laid
down: parties commit themselves to the ambitions for
energy, animal welfare and biodiversity. The roadmap has
been drawn up with energy-neutral production by 2020 as
ambition. In 2011, the dairy industry is continuing to work
on the Sustainable Dairy Chain Initiative. The objective is to
come up with concrete ideas for applying solar energy, wind
energy and biofermentation.
Dairy industry
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Soap, biscuits, sauces, medicine, mascara. These are
examples of products for which the MFO industry supplies
ingredients. ‘For many years, we have been working to
produce these ingredients as sustainably as possible.
Including in collaboration with the LTA programme’, says
Frank Bergmans, who is responsible for sustainable
development, energy conservation and the roadmap
process at the Productschap MVO (MFO Product Board).
‘In recent years, we have done a lot on sustainability and
energy efficiency. Internationally, we have cooperated on
making the cultivation of palm oil and soy more sustaina-
ble. And we achieved an annual improvement of energy
efficiency of two per cent on average. That is not only good
for the environment, it is also helping MFO companies to
remain competitive. For energy is money. In the preliminary
study and the roadmap, we look at how we can fit saving
energy and sustainability into future developments as well.’
Scenarios of the futureIn the Preliminary Study that has now been completed, the
MFO sector is painting various scenarios for the future.
‘Three themes emerged that we are now elaborating in the
roadmap into a set of concrete measures’, says Bergman.
‘One of those is process management. We want companies
to better understand what their process operator does, what
impact that has on the environment and energy and how
they can adjust. We will develop a refresher training
programme for that. The second theme is separation
technology: how can we make it more efficient and thereby
give our products added value? The third theme is our
contribution to the bio-based economy.’ In the bio-based
economy, petrochemical raw materials are replaced by
renewable, vegetable raw materials. ‘Our sector has been
doing so for a long time’, according to Bergmans. ‘In order
to be processed into chemical products, petroleum must be
separated through energy-intensive processes.
This is not necessary in the case of vegetable oils. Amongst
other because of price increases, there is growing attention
for biomass. Not only from the government, but also from
other sectors. MFO companies can anticipate on this very
well. Because the Netherlands are leading in the field of
processing agricultural products. We now want to find out
how our businesses can increase the added value of the raw
materials by producing bio-based products.’
Subconsciously sustainable One MFO company that is active in the bio-based economy
is Croda. ‘In reality, we have been doing so for 150 years’,
says Hans Ridderhoff. He is research manager in this
oleochemical company, which has its base in Netherlands
in Gouda and is part of the English Croda PLC. The company
produces so-called speciality chemicals: intermediate goods
out of which the buyers make all sorts of non-food
products. From lipstick to sandwich bags, from lubricants to
paint. ‘We noticed that there was more and more talk about
the bio-based economy and realised that we were already
contributing to it. Subconsciously, for we use natural raw
72
Anticipating the
bio-based economy
Vegetable and animal oils and fats are a sustainable alternative for
petrochemical raw materials. With the preliminary study and the
roadmap, the Margarine, Fats and Oils sector (MFO) anticipates this.
One of the main themes is the bio-based economy in which renewable
raw materials partially replace petroleum. The Netherlands are a
leader in processing agricultural products.’
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Green raw materials
In a bio-based economy, biomass such as plants is used as raw material for all sorts
of non-food products. This includes transportation fuels, chemicals and materials.
Biomass then replaces finite raw materials, such as petroleum. Because this
reduces the emission of greenhouse gases, the bio-based economy can contribute
to a sustainable development. Moreover, the dependency on fossil fuels becomes
weaker. The central government is also promoting the bio-based economy. In early
2011, the ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation allocated five
million euros to the Centre for Bio-based Economy of the University of
Wageningen. Various Dutch business sectors, including the MFO, are exploring their
role in a bio-based economy.
materials in the first place because they are a good addition
to other products.’ Croda decided to investigate how
sustainable their vegetable raw materials actually are. ‘We
have done a life cycle analysis of various products based on
vegetable raw materials such as sunflower oil, palm oil and
rapeseed oil. This gives a view of what the impact on the
environment is for all steps in the chain. The economic
useful life of the products into which our semi-finished
products are eventually processed also plays an important
role. With this knowledge, it is now easier for us to choose
the most sustainable alternatives, which also often turn out
to be cheaper over the entire chain. We can also provide our
buyers with better information. Their demand for bio-based
products is still limited, but we expect that they are
increasingly going to ask for information about sustainabi-
lity. It is important that we anticipate this.’
Remaining competitiveAs a chain organisation, the MFO Product Board has a view
over what is happening inside and outside the sector. For
example, it can disseminate knowledge from Croda of the
bio-based economy over other MFO companies. The
Product Board also has good contacts with other sectors.
‘During the preliminary study, we noticed that chemical
companies are open to collaboration’, says Bergmans. ‘They
are looking for alternatives for petrochemical raw materials.
The plan is to research applications, jointly with them and
science. Eventually, the MFO companies may well be able to
ascribe the saving that it yields to their own energy
efficiency.’ The roadmap of the MFO sector will be ready by
the end of 2011. Bergmans can see important advantages.
‘Such a path forces one to look quietly at the future. Usually,
one gets quickly bogged down in taking short-term
measures. In order to remain internationally competitive,
we may have to shift the beacons to a more efficient and
thus more sustainable way of working. It is important to
balance the costs and benefits properly. We will do that in
the roadmap. We are curious to see what usable measures
this will ultimately yield.’
73
Frank Bergmans (left)
and Hans Ridderhoff:
‘Since long, our sector
has been replacing
finite materials with
renewable ones’
74
Re
sults LTA
3
11LTA3 Sevice sector results
LTA1
LEE
LTA2 LTA31992 1998 2008
2009
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The financial services industry acceded to LTA in 2007. The
number of participating companies is 8 (9 facilities).
Electricity is used for cooling buildings, lighting and
especially IT applications. Natural gas is mostly used for
heating buildings. Additionally, financial service providers
procure heat from urban heating projects.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 30.4 TJ through 36 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. In 2010, chain
efficiency was achieved through eight measures. With those
measures, the sector saved almost 5 TJ worth of energy. All
participants will switch wholly or partially to procuring
green electricity. From 2008 onwards, they have saved 2,302
TJ by doing so.
Sector development and 2011
The aftermath of the banking crisis has had, amongst
others, consequences for housing on account of divestment
and consolidation. New housing development and
disposing of buildings kept equal pace. The financial and
economic crises also impacted improvements in energy
efficiency. However, the first results are encouraging.
Sustainability has its fixed spot on the agenda of the
financial sector, as measuring sticks for the environment
and sustainability (BREEAM, LEED and GPR). Socially
Responsible Entrepreneurship also remains important for
financial institutions. In 2011, the sector will probably also
have to deal with farther-reaching measures on staffing and
housing. Both sector organisations will officially sign LTA3
in 2011, which will contribute to further strengthening
managerial support for participation in LTA3. Financial
institutions see their energy consumption changing
through a strongly growing IT requirement on account of
the digitalisation of service provision. Measures in the field
of green IT are becoming important.
Higher professional education acceded to LTA in 2003.The
number of participating companies is 31.Electricity is mainly
used for lighting, cooling and IT devices. Heating of spaces
consumes twelve million m3 of natural gas. On top of that,
192 TJ of heat is supplied to various buildings.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved almost 24 TJ through 70
different process efficiency measures. Four chain measures
saved almost 3 TJ. 11 measures in the field of sustainable
energy yielded 609 TJ.
Sector development and 2011
In 2010, the number of LTA3 participants went up. Expressed
as a percentage of students, more than 95 per cent of higher
professional education is active in LTA3. The HBO-raad
(Netherlands Association of Universities of Applied
Sciences) has taken the initiative to do more for sustainable
development and to use it for profiling itself. The DUPLHO
(Sustainability Platform for Higher Education) platform has
been set up for that purpose. Many colleges are working
together here on a strategic position paper that will be
published around the middle of 2011. In it, attention is
drawn towards making business operations more sustaina-
ble. ‘Green’ IT also receives ever more attention from higher
professional education. A Special Interest Group (SIG) wants
to use SURF to raise awareness in higher education about
the consumption of raw materials and energy in IT. Within
DUPHLO, knowledge will be exchanged about research,
education and business operations. The objective is to
cooperate as much as possible with existing initiatives and
organisations and to join forces. In 2011, preparations will
commence for the new Energy Efficiency Plans. On the basis
of previously gained experience, new spearheads will be
named that should enable the ambitions of the covenant. It
will become important to join the initiatives of the sector to
each other.
Higher professional education
Financial services industry
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‘LTA3 Rail stimulates everyone in the chain to jointly
implement energy savings’, says Frans Slats, member of the
management for Energy and the Environment of NS
Reizigers. ‘Indeed, LTA3 is designed in such a way that a
company can claim part of the savings it causes to another
in the chain as its own savings. For example, if ProRail
builds an extra substation, NS saves on power grid costs.
This is not directly (cost) efficient for ProRail, but it is for us.
We can share the improvement in energy efficiency.’
By acceding to LTA3, NS and ProRail commit themselves
after MJA1 to the new objectives. LTA1 went very well for
both companies, with an overall efficiency improvement of
39.6 per cent between 1997 and 2010. In 2010 alone, 3,101 TJ
worth of energy has been saved. ‘Within the framework of
the preliminary study and roadmap, in 2011 we want to
indicate the efficiency themes for the coming years. They
will be based on a vision of future developments in the
railway sector’, Godelieve Kok says, strategic Environment
policy advisor at ProRail. ‘It includes themes that will be
incorporated in the Energy Efficiency Plan 2012-2016. The
aim is to complete the preliminary study and the plan by the
end of 2011. Then, the roadmap follows. A component of
LTA3 is the implementation of an energy management
system. ProRail has already started on this. The objective is
aiming for the goals and to adjust in a timely fashion if it
looks that they may not be attained. This requires close
monitoring of the energy consumption. This is not yet
possible at all desired locations.’
Energy efficient offices, trains and stationsSlats: ‘It still is a little early to address the efficiency
opportunities for the entire chain. But some of our own
plans are already known. All our business units take
measures. NS Poort and NedTrain look, among other
things, at equipment that is more energy efficient and at
lighting at various NS office locations and workshops. Work
is even being done on storing heat and coldness. In its
revision paths, the NS-Reizigers component pays extra
attention to energy efficient solutions. Multiple units that
are being renovated halfway through their useful economic
life, will in some cases be given a new or different climatic
configuration, more efficient compressors and improved
(window) insulation, for example. Or the exterior will be
better streamlined. It also looks at a more efficient use of
existing multiple units: the more accurately we can deploy
the correct units in the correct location, the more energy we
can save.
ProRail also sees many opportunities for saving energy. ‘A
tool here is the Station Scan Sustainability that we have
76
Cooperation and energy saving on and around the railways
More cooperation in the chain in order to jointly deal more efficiently
with energy. That is the most important target of the new LTA3
entrants NS and ProRail. After a very successfully run LTA1-NS, they
were the first to accede to the LTA3 Rail on 1 January 2011.
Participation is open to all passenger and freight transport operators
on the Dutch railways and to other parties in the railway chain.
‘ LTA3 stimulate everyone in the chain
to jointly implement energy savings’
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Efficient trains and sunlight absorbing stations
Since 2010, wherever possible, ProRail places solar panels on platform coverings
and roofs in the case of stations that are being newly built. They supply energy for
lighting, lifts and escalators. Amersfoort Station already has solar panels on its
platform covering. There will be solar panels on the roof of Rotterdam Central
Station that can supply ten per cent of the power required by the station. The
platform coverings of Utrecht Central Station will also be fitted with solar panels.
The energy that is generated with them goes back to the grid. Those solar panels
yield energy of approximately 85,000 kWh per year and a CO2 reduction of 46
tonnes per year. Energy efficient trains also contribute to energy savings. NS are
buying sprinters of the Sprinter Light Train type. They are as much as 30 per cent
more energy efficient than their predecessors. They are running on more and more
routes in the Netherlands. In the coming years, a significant portion of the existing
trains will also be made more energy efficient. Amongst others, through better
aerodynamics and LED lighting. In 2012, the first more efficient current trains may
be admired on the tracks.
developed together with with NS Poort for existing as well as
new stations’, Cook explains. ‘We look at how we can save
energy at existing stations. And when we have new stations
designed or are going to replace obsolete buildings or
installations, we always look at a layout that is as energy
efficient as possible. A good example is Utrecht Central
Station. There, some solar panels have already been installed
on the new platform coverings, and there are more to come.’
Deeper into the chainAnd ProRail is working hard to increase the proportion of
sustainable energy. In 2020, ProRail wants to consume one
hundred per cent sustainable eneregy. ‘We also apply the
CO2 performance ladder for lower CO
2 emissions, but also
for a reduction of emissions in our chain’, Kok adds. ‘The
ladder supports our sustainable procurement policy. Every
step stands for a particular certification level. The higher a
supplier is on the ladder, the better his chances of being
awarded a tender. For that matter, the CO2 performance
ladder falls since recently under the aegis of the indepen-
dent Stichting Klimaatvriendelijk Aanbesteden &
Ondernemen (SKAO, Environmentally Friendly Tendering &
Enterprising) and does not apply to just the railway sector,
but also to such companies that are involved in the
construction of transportation infrastructure of the Ministry
of Waterways and Public Works.
Through cooperation in the chain by ProRail and NS with
contractors like Ballast Nedam and manufacturers like
Siemens and Alstom, a lot can still be achieved in terms of
energy efficiency. And ProRail and NS look further than the
direct suppliers. Kok: ‘It would of course be a good result if
other railway operators like Connexxion, Syntus, Arriva,
Veolia or DB Schenker were to accede to LTA3 Rail.
77
Frans Slats and
Godelieve Kok: ‘Utrecht
Central Station already
has solar panels on
some of its platform
coverings’
78
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The University Medical Centers acceded to LTA in 2003/2004.
The number of participating companies is 8 (9 facilities).
The treatment of air in buildings is the most energy-inten-
sive. The quantity of electrical treatment and supporting
equipment is increasing. The supply of energy must be one
hundred per cent dependable for that. Transportation of
patients, visitors and goods also requires a lot of energy.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 47 TJ through 65 different
measures in the area of process efficiency. The savings in the
chain of 31 TJ can be ascribed to two measures. Compared to
2005, the use of sustainable energy by the sector has
increased to 1,106 TJ.
Sector development and 2011
Within the UMCs, research is more and more directed at
so-called Long-Term cohort studies. That requires ever more
storage for large quantities of tissues and data, with
concomitant consumption of energy and lack of space.
Because of quality and effictivity, the care functions will be
concentrated more and more tightly. The interests of
patients are an important factor in this connection. In
particular, complex diagnostics and complex surgery will be
concentrated. Within the hospitals, this will lead to more
efficient use of space and energy, but on average, patients
will have to travel farther to reach a hospital. Thus, as many
diagnoses and treatments as possible will be planned for
one day. Long-Term, though less complex aspects of a
treatment will be organised as much as possible in close
vicinity of the patient. The sector organisation NFU
(Netherlands Federation of University Medial Centers) will
sign LTA3 in 2011. In doing so, it is indicating that it fully
backs the energy ambitions of the UMCs and that it will
support them to the best of its ability.
The universities acceded to LTA in 1999. The number of
participating companies is 14. The number of students has
increased strongly. Energy consumption for the heating of
buildings has remained rather stable over the past years,
thanks to replacing old buildings by new construction, with
many energy saving measures. The consumption of
electricity has been rising for many years, because of IT and
other appliances and a greater need for cooling buildings.
Measures for energy efficiency
In 2010, the participants saved 143 TJ through 98 different
process efficiency measures. Chain efficiency has been
achieved through seven measures, thereby saving 48 TJ. The
total of generated and procured sustainable energy,
including 1 TJ of heat from sun boilers, comes to 1,243 TJ.
Sector development and 2011
In 2009-2010, 3.5 per cent more students registered than the
previous year. Because of that, the number of staff increased
slightly. Buildings are being used ever more intensively. The
realisation of low-energy, new buildings and sustainable
renovation of existing buildings remain important for
achieving the LTA3 ambitions. More IT in education and
research causes a strong rise in the demand for electricity.
The sector therefore wants to go for making IT applications
green and collaborate with providers of IT services. In spite
of the pressure on available means, the saving measures for
2010 have been achieved to a large extent and they are on
track for achieving the targets for 2009-2012. The pressure
on financial means will strongly increase. At the forefront is
expenditure for the primary process: education and
research. That will have consequences for holding on to the
current saving rate and for realising energy saving measures
of the Long-Term plan.
Universities UniversityMedical Centers
79
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A university campus where the buildings are made of
sustainable materials. That can be sustainably recycled
when they are demolished. Where all the energy itself is
generated by means of the wind, the sun and the earth. And
that everyone can reach easily by bicycle or public transport.
‘That is the ideal image that we envision with a sustainable
campus’, says Piet-Jan Klijn, working on policy at the
association of universities VSNU. ‘That is not reality yet, but
we are well on our way at great speed. Over the coming
years we will attain the LTA3 objectives anyway.’
Overhauling buildings‘Universities have a number of properties that affect energy
consumption’, says Klijn. ‘They are complex organisations,
often with several locations. And, of course, with IT
equipment being a large guzzler of energy. And there are the
laboratories with advanced equipment that consumes a lot
of energy. Moreover, the buildings are open from early until
late, and must be heated or cooled all the time. ‘The
number of students has no less than doubled over the past
ten years. Nevertheless, the universities have managed to
save energy. A great performance. Energy consumption for
heating has remained the same over the past years and total
energy consumption has risen by less than fifteen per cent.
This is due to new construction, more efficient use of space
and a large number of energy saving measures within the
framework of LTA3.’
New construction and renovation are important instru-
ments for working towards a sustainable campus. ‘Some
universities have monuments amongst their buildings’,
explains Klijn. ‘Not very handy when it comes to saving
energy. In some cases, they are swapped for new construc-
tion. There are also many buildings from the sixties and
seventies, which are not very energy efficient. They will be
offloaded or stripped and then rebuilt with attention for
sustainability and use of the latest techniques. Wherever
possible, the universities concentrate their facilities in a
central location: a campus.’
Self-generation of energySuch a campus offers all kinds of advantages, Klijn says.
‘More efficient use of space is an important reason for
concentrating buildings. Additionally, universities can
organise their educational processes more adequately.
But the saving of energy and sustainability are important
motives, too. It is more interesting to generate energy by
oneself than in a lone-standing building. At various
universities, such as Leiden and Delft, heat or coldness
storage, for example, has been set up within the framework
of sustainable energy. And public transport can be organi-
sed more easily for a campus. In working towards a
sustainable campus, the universities join hands. The energy
coordinators of the universities meet at least twice a year for
the purpose of exchanging knowledge. ‘The mutual
contacts are excellent’, says Klijn. ‘The energy coordinators
80
Universities are making the campus and the community sustainable
The Dutch universities are busy in all sorts of ways with energy
saving and sustainability.Not only in education and research.
Also in business operations. They are working on a sustainable
campus, of which the impact on the environment should be as
small as possible. ‘The ideal campus is energy neutral.’
81
LTA3 S
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know to find each other outside the meetings as well.
For example, a subject that has their attention at the
moment is LED lighting. That appears to be more energy
efficient. But because LED exudes less heat than, for
example, fluorescent tubes, it could just be that energy
consumption for heating will actually go up. Therefore it
is important to find out what saves the most energy. And
various universities are experimenting with the automatic
switching on and off of light and climate control
installations.
Educating a sustainable generationAccording to Klijn, a sustainable campus is energy-neutral.
He indicates that saving energy in IT is an important
precondition for that. ‘A science in itself ’, he says. ‘There are
all kinds of software and hardware applications for that.
These ensure, for example, that all computers are switched
off when there is nobody on the premises. Luckily, many
universities already do a lot in this respect, although it is
not always all that easy during times of belt-tightening.
After all, each energy-saving measure first requires an
investment. Even much more difficult is making laboratory
equipment more energy efficient. Those appliances are so
specific, that it is nigh impossible.’ Because each university
is struggling with different issues, the tool ‘Towards a
sustainable campus’ has been developed (see box). It helps
institutions for higher education to map out a route.
Klijn emphasises that universities are not only focussing on
the sustainability of their operational activities. ‘In
education and research, there is increasing attention for
this. Look at Wageningen University, which has constructed
a windmill park near Lelystad. Or at all the research that is
being done into biomass and the sustainable production of
food, for example. And even students themselves are
actively engaged in sustainability, such as in the Students
for Tomorrow initiative. In these ways, universities
contribute to a greener society. And they ensure that a
generation will come for which a sustainable society will be
obvious.
81
Tools for a sustainable campus
Broad orientation in the field of sustainability. That is the objective of the tool
‘Towards a sustainable campus’. The interactive instrument has been developed in
2011 by the project team Future Vision for Higher Education, which consists of the
Technical University of Delft, the association of colleges HBO council, the
Association of Universities VSNU and Agency NL. With the web-based tool, facility
managers and energy coordinators can choose from twelve potential visions of the
future. Per vision, the most fitting sustainable measures come to the fore that lead
to energy saving and CO2 reduction and a mindset change among students and
staff. The tool makes it possible to place measures in a broader perspective – a
fitting vision of the future. In that way, it stimulates sustainable development in the
long term.
Piet-Jan Klijn: ‘The
number of students has
doubled over the past
ten years. Energy
consumption has not
increased by even 15 per
cent.’
82
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sults LTA
3
LTA1
LEE
LTA2 LTA31992 1998 2008
2009
12Appendix:
Results 2009 LEE and analysis LEE EEPs
83
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E E
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s
The result for 2009 falls outside the LEE covenant period.
As in preceding years, the entire gamut of the business
community concerned itself with the subject of energy
efficiency. Companies see the value of improving energy
efficiency and are aware of the importance of a socially
responsible enterprise.
On 2 October 2009, VNO-NCW (Confederation of
Netherlands Industry and Employers) together with the
sector organisations of seven industrial sectors1 and the
ministries of Housing, Spatial Development and the
Environment, of Economic Affairs, of Agriculture, Nature
and Food Quality and of Finance appended their signatures
to the Long-Term Agreement on Energy Efficiency (LEE).
The agreement is geared towards companies whose
participation in ETS, the Emissions Trading Scheme of the
European Union, is mandatory.
The LEE covenant is a sequel to the Energy Efficiency
Benchmarking Covenant of 1999. The companies commit
themselves to exerting efforts in the area of energy
efficiency. In the early part of 2010, a new methodology
for determining improvement in energy efficiency has
been agreed between the parties to the covenant, in mutual
consultation. Its major elements are: the actual consump-
tion of energy and saving energy by taking measures.
During the early part of 2010, LEE companies were busy
drawing up their energy efficiency plans (EEP). At that time,
the parties to the covenant jointly agreed not to run a
monitoring campaign for reporting year 2009, but rather to
derive energy consumption and the realised energy saving
projects for 2009 from the EEPs.
1 breweries, chemical industry, glass industry, paper and cardboard industry,
refineries, steel industries and sugar industries
The fact that the results for 2009 have been derived from the
EEP requires a few points of attention with regard to
reporting. A result of the basis of a monitoring campaign
would probably have yielded a more complete picture. Now,
differentiation between savings attained domestically or
abroad is not possible. Neither can it be concluded which
part of the savings in the chain stems from production
chain measures and which part from product chain
measures. Therefore, the figures for the transition year 2009
must be interpreted differently than the results from regular
monitoring during succeeding years. Nonetheless, a lot has
happened in 2009: companies implemented measures and
laid the groundwork for meaningful intervention in
succeeding years.
In 2009, the LEE companies attained an improvement in
efficiency of 1.3 per cent. And it should be observed that
2009 was an economically difficult year, where industrial
companies in particular only had limited room for
investment. The savings realised in 2009 by process-related
measures were 5.3 PJ, and by chain projects 2.2 PJ. In total,
7.6 PJ were saved in 2009, which is 1.3% of the total energy
consumption by the companies. The total consumption of
energy by participating companies was 599 PJ in 2009.
See also Table 10 Results for 2009.
Table 10 Results for 2009 (in petaJoules and by percentage)
Results area Absolute (PJ) Relative (%)
Real energy consumption 599
Process measures 5.3 0.9
Chain measures 2.2 0.4
Total result 7.6 1.3
84
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LEE EEP ambition for the period 2010-2012
In 2010, every LEE company drew up an Energy Efficiency
Plan (EEP). The plan describes the energy saving measures
that are to be taken from 2010 to 2012, an assessment of the
expected energy saving and the appurtenant timeline.
On the basis of the individual plans, NL Agency has
calculated the expected joint improvement in energy
efficiency, or the ambition of the LEE companies. An EEP is
available for all 117 participating companies. In the plans,
the measures are differentiated between certain and
conditional measures. Indeed, it is not certain that all
measures in the EEPs will definitely be implemented. Some
depend on necessary framework conditions being fulfilled,
such as management commitment, financial justification
or more specific technical research into the effects of the
measure on the quality of the product. Such “conditional”
measures represent half of the total ambition.
The total ambition of the LEE companies is represented in
Table 11. The starting point has been the real consumption
of energy of the participating companies in 2009, i.e. 599
PJ. The expected saving in energy in the period 2010-2012 on
the basis of “certain” measures with an effect in the
Netherlands is more than 25 PJ, yielding an improvement in
efficiency of 4.2 per cent. The conditional measures are
good for an extra saving of almost 24 PJ, or 4 per cent.
For the 3 year period, the total saving ambition within the
Netherlands is more than 49 PJ, or 8.2 per cent. That is an
average of 2.7 per cent per year. These measures target both
improving process efficiency (PE) and chain efficiency (CE).
The expected saving through measures with an effect in the
foreign part of the chain is shown in the column “abroad”.
The parties to the covenant are delighted that all participa-
ting companies have drawn up an EEP. By doing this, the
companies are showing that they are taking their responsi-
bility in the field of improving energy efficiency. There is
now a solid basis for realising the ambitions of the
individual plans.
Table 11 Expected energy saving in the period 2010-2012 (in petaJoules and by percentage)
Expected saving 2010-2012 in NL Abroad
PE CE Totaal NL CE
Certain 17.1 8.1 25.2 / 4.2% 8.4
Conditional 15.7 8.3 24.0 / 4.0% 4.3
TotalNL 32.8 / 5.5% 16.4 / 2.7% 49.1 / 8.2% 12.7 / 2.1%
Yearly average 1.8% 0.9% 2.7% 0.7%
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LTA2 LTA31992 1998 2008
2009
Listing of definitions
87
Listing
of d
efi
nitio
ns
Benchmarking Covenant
The Benchmarking Covenant was agreed on 6 July 1999
between the Dutch authorities and the energy-intensive
industry. During the 1999-2009 period, the biggest energy
consumers fell under the Benchmarking Energy Efficiency
Covenant. The objective was reducing CO2 emissions by
dealing more efficiently with energy. Parties that participa-
ted in the Benchmarking Covenant and mandatorily
participate in the European system of emissions trading
were automatically transferred to the LEE covenant.
Sustainable energy
Energy that is generated from sustainable sources, such as
solar and wind energy, hydropower and energy from
biomass. In LTA3, the application of sustainable energy is
no longer presented as energy saving and energy efficiency.
Therefore, it has been uncoupled from the production
process and chain.
Energy efficiency
The quantity of economically useful production per unit of
consumed energy. The energy efficiency improvements in
the production process and in the production chain in the
Netherlands together lead to an improvement of energy
efficiency at covenant level.
Final or secondary energy consumption
Energy consumption by businesses, expressed in joules (J),
such as electricity, gas, heat or oil.
Chain efficiency
Chain projects that lead to energy savings in all segments
of the chain: production stage (production chain) or user
stage (product chain), within or outside the Netherlands.
The production chain includes projects that are focused on
saving materials, optimising distribution and optimising
disposal and recycling of products. The product chain (user
stage) includes projects to do with reduction in energy
consumption during the use of the product, optimisation
of the functionality and extension of the economically
useful life.
Primary energy consumption
The quantity of energy that is needed for producing the
required secondary energy. For example, the quantity of
coal, oil or gas that is needed for producing electricity.
TJ (terajoule)
A unit of account for energy consumption: 1 TJ = 1012 joules.
PJ (petajoule)
A unit of account for energy consumption: 1 PJ = 1015 joules.
Process efficiency
Savings of (fossil) energy in internal operating processes
that amount to an important contribution to the improve-
ment of energy efficiency. Together with the change in the
production volume and the other influences of the
production process, the energy saving measures explain the
saving in energy consumption.
In the new methodology, the improvement in energy
efficiency is based on the energy saving process measures.
That means that the energy saving measures contribute one
by one to the change in energy consumption and to energy
efficiency.
Process measures
Energy efficient measures in the process that have a positive
net present value (NPV). The NPV calculation provides
insight into whether a particular investment is
cost-effective.
Colophon
December 2011
For questions and advice about LEE and LTA, please consult the
Information Point NL Energy and Climate: (088) 602 92 00
(available on workdays between 9:00 and 12:00 and between
14:00 and 16:00).
You may also email [email protected].
Further information is available at:
www.agentschapnl.nl/mja
www.agentschapnl.nl/mee
Additional copies of these result brochures can be ordered
free of charge via www.postbus51.nl, using reference
2MJAP1169 (English version) or 2MJAP1165 (Dutch version).
This brochure was produced by Agentschap NL by order of
the ministries of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation
and Interior and Kingdom Relations/Housing, Neighbourhoods
and Integration.
No rights may be derived from this brochure.
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